Neisseria Flashcards
80% of gonocoaal urethritis is caused by what?
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
What are the 2 forms of Neisseria?
- Conococci
- Meningococci
What are characteristics of BOTH Neisseria?
- Gram (-) diplococci with flattened slides
- Both ferment glucose
- IgA protease
- Catalse (+)
Which Neisseria ferment Maltose and Glucose?
MeninGococci
Which neisseria only ferments Glucose?
Gonococci
Neisseria gonnorrhoeae causes what?
- Urethritis
- Cervicitis
- Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
- Fitz Hugh Curtis syndrome (2nd m.c.)
If Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) spreads to the abdomen is can cause what?
Fits-Hugh -Curtis syndrome (most common cause is C. trachomatis and second is N. gonorroheae)
Which Neiserria species has a capsule?
Meningococci
Neisseria Meningitidis causes what?
- Meningococcemia
- Meningitis
- Waterhouse Friderichsen syndrome
Which neisseria species does not ferment maltose?
N. Gonorrhoeae
Which Neisseria species has a vaccine?
N. Meningitis
Which neisseria species is transmitted sexually?
N. gonorrhoeae
Which Neisseria species is transmitted through respiratory and oral secretions?
N. meningitis
How are N. gonorrhoeae and N. meningitidis closely related?
75% of the N. meningitidis Z2491 genes were homologous with N. gonorrhoeae FA1090 genes
Although both Neisseria species possess Opa proteins, what is the only one that becomes opaque?
N. gonorrhoeae
What are the role of Opa proteins in Neisseria?
mediate tight adherence to epithelial cells
Infection with N. gonorrhoeae is usually (in men and women)?
Men: symptomatic
Women: asymptomatic
How does PID occur?
when bacteria (chlamydia trachomatis and N. gonorrhoeae) move from the vagina or cervix into the uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries, or pelvis
What is the major cause of sterility and ectopic pregnancy and major cause of maternal death during pregnancy?
PID
Which proteins are important for attachment in N. gonorrhoeae infections?
Pili and Opa proteins
What is responsible for the tissue damage with neisserial diseases?
Lipooligosaccharide (LOS)
- similar to LPS but lacks the O antigen
Toxic damage to ciliated epithelial cells of mucosal surfaces can be caused by?
- TNF from phagocytes
- gonnoccal products such as peptidoglycan and LOS
The acquired N. gonorrhoeae bacteria that comes into cell and is englufed by PMN are secreted back out of the cell how?
secreted in PMN-rich exudate
What do you get in men and women with Local infection of N. gonorrhoeae
Men: Urethritis
Women: Cervicitis
In women, the most common complication of cervicitis is what?
PID
What are symptoms of Urethritis in men?
- Pyogenic inflammation
- Purulent discharge
- Dysuria
In a histological picture of N. gonorrhoeae. What do you see?
- Polymorphonuclear leukocyte
- Extracellular gram negative diplococci
- Intracellular gram negative diplococci
What is the classical presentation of disseminated gonococcal infections (DGI)?
Arthritis dermatitis syndrome
What is seen in the First stage of Disseminated gonococcal infections (DGI)?
mostly in women, it affects the joints and skin
The second stage of DGI is characterized by?
- Septic arthritis
- Knee is most common site of purulent gonococcal arthritis
What is polyarthralgia?
septic arthritis in knee joints caused by gonococci
many patients with Polyarthralgia have what deficiencies?
Complement deficiencies including
- Properdin, MAC and Factor 1 deficiencies
Conjunctivitis in neonate caused by N. gonorrhoeae often follows what?
vaginal delivery from an untreated, infected mother, in utero or in postpartum period
How do you reduce conjunctivitis in neonate?
Prophylactic use of erythromycin or Silver nitrate
What kind of media should N. gonorrhoeae be collected on to suppress normal flora?
Thayer Martin Agar
What is the recommended treatment for N. gonorrhoeae?
Third generation Cephalosporin (CEFTRIAXONE)
Mixed infections of N. gonorrhoeae with Chlamydia trachomatis are common, so what should also be prescribed along with Ceftriaxone?
Doxycycline
What happens in Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome caused by N. Meningitidis?
Hemorrhage into the adrenal glands caused by fulminant meningococcemia
What VF causes fever, shock, TNF alpha release, inflammation?
Endotoxin (LOS)
Patients with Deficiencies in late acting complement components (C6-C9) are at increased risk for?
Neissria Meningitidis
What is the transmission route for N. Meningitidis?
Respiratory droplets and close contact with infectious person
Which serotypes of N. Meningitidis have caused most cases of Meningococcal meningitis in the USA?
Serotypes B and C
Waterhouse Friderichson syndrome is characterized by?
- High fever
- Shock
- Widespread purpura
- damage to bilateral adrenal glands
- coma, death
N. Meningitidis Pneumonia is caused by what serotypes?
Y and W-135
What is the treatment for N. Meningitidis?
Ceftriaxone or Ceforaxine
Which Neisseria is sensitive to penicillin?
N. Meningitidis
Which Neisseria is resistant to penicillin?
N. gonorroheae
What are the antimicrobials used to eradicate menengococci from the nasopharynx?
- Rifampin
- Quinolones
- Ceftriazone
The Vaccine (menomune) for N. Meningitidis protects against which groups ?
Groups A, C, Y and W-135
The Vaccine (menomune) for N. Meningitidis does NOT protect against which groups?
ONLY group B
