Clamydia Flashcards
What kind of stain would you use for chlamydia?
Geimsa stain or immunofluorescence
The cell wall of chlamydia resembles what?
it resembles the cw of Gram (-) bacteria with relatively high lipid content
are Beta-lactam antibiotics suitable for treatment of chlamydia?
NO
What are the two morphological forms of Chlamydia?
- Elementary body is infectious
- Reticulate body is metabolically active
characteristics of elementary body?
- resistant to harsh environments
- infects mononuclear phagocytes
- prevents fusion of phagosome with lysosome
- enter the cell via endocytosis
Characteristics of reticulate body?
- replicated inside vesicles by fission
- Inclusion bodies
only intracellular
What drugs can you use Giemsa stain on?
Chlamydia, Borrelia, Rickettsiae, Trypanosomes, Plasmodium
chlamydia can not make its own what?
they can not make their own ATP. They are obligate intracellular organisms
Why is the chlamydial cell wall unusual?
because it lacks muramic acid
what are the chlamydia trachomatis serotypes?
- Types A,B,C
- Types D-K
- Types L1, L2, L3
Types A, B and C cause what?
ABC = Africa/Blindess/Chronic
- Chronic infection
- causes blindness due to follicular conjunctivitis in Africa
Types D-K cause what?
- STDs
- ectopic pregnancy
- neonatal pneumonia (staccato cough)
- neonatal conjunctivitis
- PID
Chlamydia trachomatis types L1, L2, L3 cause what?
Lymphogranuloma venereum
receptors for elementary bodies are primarily restricted to what?
non ciliated columnar, cuboidal and transitional epithelial cells found on mucous membrane of urethra, fallopian tubes, etc.
whats the most commonly reported infectious disease in america?
Chlamydia
Chlamydia causes this specific disease which is the leading cause of preventable blindness in children.
Trachoma
Untreated chlamydial infections can lead to severe reproductive complications like?
- Pelvic inflammatory disease
- Infertility
- Ectopic pregnancy
What species are included in Chlamydia?
- Trachomatis
- Pneumoniae
- Psittaci
Chlamydia pneumoniae and psittaci cause what?
Atypical pneumonia
Chlamydia is transmitted mainly during?
Vaginal or anal sex. also possible through oral sex
Chlamydia initially infects what kind of cells?
single cell columnar epi layers. (endocervix, urethra in men)
what are some physical manifestations of chlamydia?
- Mucopurulent cervicitis
- cervical ectropian
If left untreated, infection can spread ascend to where?
it can ascent the endometrial epithelium to the fallopian tubes
What are the steps on how Trachoma eventually leads to blindness?
Begins with follicular conjunctivitis –> Corneal ulceration and scarring with in turned eyelashes –> blindness
What syndrome is a rare complication of PID which is 5 times more likely to be caused by chlamydia than by N. gonorrhoeae?
Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome
This specific syndrome is initiated by genital infection with C. Trachomatis?
Reiter’s syndrome (reactive arthritis)
Reiter’s syndrome mostly occurs in…?
Young males and HLA-B27 (PAIR)
What are the common diseases associated with Reiter’s syndrome?
- Urethritis
- Polyarthritis
- Conjunctivitis
What precipitate Reiter’s syndrome?
- nongonococcal venereal disease and infectious diarrhea.
How does Lymphogranuloma venereum enter (LGV)?
through skin breaks or crosses epithelial cells of mucous membranes
The primary stage of LGV is marked by the formation of what?
Painless herpetiform ulceration at the site of inoculation
LGV is highly prevalent where?
Africa, Asia, and South America and mostly in Homosexual Men
What is the tertiary stage of LGV called which can occur years after initial infection?
Anogenitorectal syndrome
What is inguinal syndrome?
characterized by painful inguinal lymphadenitis and associated constitutional symptoms.
LGV organism travels via what to multiply where?
It travels via the lymphatics and multiplies within mononuclear phagocytes in regional LN
What is the drug of choice for all chlamydia?
Tetracycline derivatives (doxycycline, azithromycin)
What drug should you use specifically for the treatment of LVG?
Doxyclycline
Antibiotics for chlamydia are only effective against what?
Reticulate bodies
what causes pneumonia in newborns (birth - 6 weeks)
Group B streptococcus and E. Coli
Chlamydia causes pneumonia in what ages?
- Children (6 weeks - 18 years)
2. Adults (40-65 years)
C. pneumoniae causes 10-20% of what among adults?
Community-acquired pneumonia
Clinical presentation of c. pneumoniae infection?
most infected persons are asymptomatic and have mild respiratory illness
The criteria for the diagnosis of acute C. pneumoniae infection is what?
Single IgM titer or >1:16
or
A fourfold increase in IgG titer
Treatment for C. Pneumoniae?
Erythormycin, Azithromycin, and Clarithromycin
How is C. psittaci transmitted?
by inhalation of dust contaminated with respiratory secretions or feces of infected birds especially parrots.
What kind of disease is C. psittaci?
A Zoonotic disease
about 45% of all cases of gonorrhea have what co-existing with them?
Chlamydial infections
