Necropsy

Question 1

Signalment

Answer 1

Age
Breed
Body Condition 
Colour
Species

Question 2

External Examination

Answer 2

Hair coat
skin
lips
pads
mouth
nose
teeth 
eyes

Question 3

Gross findings

Answer 3

Anything you see with the naked eye

Question 4

Position of animal

Answer 4

Lateral recumbency

Question 5

Organs that are regularly examined in a necropsy

Answer 5

lungs
liver
kidneys
small intestine

Question 6

Lesions categories

Answer 6

Size: estimate the size of the abnormal tissue in mm or cm
Shape: round, triangular, etc.
Colour: use actual shades
Texture: raised, nodular, smooth, glassy, etc
Distribution: one area of abnormality: single many areas: clump, cluster, sporadic, regular, or random distribution

Question 7

Normal post-mortem changes

Answer 7

tissue changes that occur due to the fact that the animal is dead rather then a disease

Question 8

Tissue collection Labels

Answer 8

Laundry clips

Question 9

How do you keep a sample flat

if needed

Answer 9

place it on a piece of cardboard

Question 10

what are the two types of fixatives and which one is most commonly used

Answer 10

Bouin’s fixative and Buffered Furmalin

Question 11

There should be how much more time of formalin to tissue

Answer 11

10 times

Question 12

how long should a sample of the small intestine be

Answer 12

10cm and tied at both ends

Question 13

what is the preferred method of submitting a sample for virus isolation

Answer 13

refrigerated tissue immersed in virus transport medium

Question 14

which tissues should be submitted for toxicology and the size of tissue, blood and fluid samples

Answer 14

types: Blood, liver, stomach contents, kidneys, fat, brain
size: blocks of 10x4x4cm
fluid: 50-100ml

Question 15

List the critical tissues

Answer 15

lung, myocardium, liver, spleen, pancreas, stomach, small intestine, kidneys, lymph nodes, whole brain, endocrine organs, urinary bladder, colon, muscle

Question 16

which part of the animal is best send to the lab if rabies is suspected

Answer 16

the animal’s head but if your not trained in decapatation then send the whole body

Question 17

what should you do if you are shipping something that needs to be kept cold

Answer 17

use ice packs and not ice

Question 18

50% formalin should be used for what sample

Answer 18

whole brain and spinal cords and bones

Question 19

how should your submission papers be packaged

Answer 19

it should be in its own plastic bag

Question 20

what are the tissue and fluid sample sizes for microbiology specimens

Answer 20

tissues: 2x3x1cm
fluid: 3-5 ml

Question 21

Bouin’s fixative is usually used for what tissue

Answer 21

fetal tissue, intestinal epithelial, eyes, testes, endocrine glands, inclusion bodies associated with virus

Question 22

how should you package your specimens for shipping

Answer 22

make sure they are not going to break/ leak. Contact the shipping company for specific package requirements

Question 23

tissues should not be

Answer 23

squeezed, stretched or rinsed with water

Question 24

microbiology, parasitology and toxicology samples

Answer 24

before samples are taken for examination you should contact the diagnostic lab for any specific advice on which sample should be collected, how they should be collected, and how they should to packaged and submitted

Question 25

why is Buffers important

Answer 25

it eliminates the formation of undesirable hematin pigment in tissue sections

Question 26

cytological examinations

Answer 26

smears are made either by scarping the cut surface of the specimen with a new scale blade and then spreading the scraped material onto the slide by lightly pressing small pieces of tissues against the surface of a clean slide

Question 27

autolysis

Answer 27

self-digestion of tissue from the enzymes release after death

Question 28

rigor mortis

Answer 28

stiffening of all muscles after death, usually begins in 1-6 hours and passes off in 1-2 days

Question 29

algor mortis

Answer 29

gradual calling of the body after death (cools the body)

Question 30

livor mortis

Answer 30

gravitational setting of the blood to the downside of the body, most evidence in lung, skin and kidneys

Question 31

imbibition

Answer 31

lysis of red blood cells releases haemoglobin into the tissues and turns them red

Question 32

distention

Answer 32

due to the fermentation and production of gas in the digestive tract. distention results in pressure effects, such as impressions of loops of intestines or indentation of ribs along the surface of other organs (ex: liver)

Question 33

displacement

Answer 33

the intestines may continue to have the capability of movement shortly after death. twists or tears that occur after death do not show associated haemorrhage

Question 34

bile staining

Answer 34

leakage from the gall bladder may stay adjacent tissues a yellow brown