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BDS3 ANATOMY > Neck Triangles > Flashcards

Neck Triangles Flashcards

1
Q

hyoid bone

A
  • U-shaped
  • located at C3, palpable
  • suspended by stylohyoid ligament
  • aids in tongue movement
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2
Q

anterior triangle borders

A

inferior border of mandible
anterior border of SCM
midline of neck

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3
Q

anterior triangle fascia

A

roof = deep investing
floor = pretracheal, carotid sheath

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4
Q

anterior triangle subdivisions

A
  • submandibular
  • submental
  • carotid
  • muscular
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5
Q

submandibular anterior triangle

A

submandibular gland, lymph nodes, parts of CN XII, mylohyoid nerve, part of facial artery/vein

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6
Q

submental anterior triangle

A

under tip of chin
submental lymph nodes, small veins

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7
Q

carotid anterior triangle

A

between SCM + omohyoid superior belly
contains;
- thyroid gland, larynx, pharynx, carotid sheath, branches of cervical plexus, superior root of anse cervicalis, lymph nodes, part of CN XI + XII

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8
Q

muscular anterior triangle

A

between SCM, omohyoid
contains sternohyoid, sternohyoid, thyroid, parathyroid glands

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9
Q

carotid sheath contains

A

medially
- common carotid artery
- internal carotid artery
- external carotid artery
laterally
- internal jugular vein
posteriorly
- CN X

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10
Q

common carotid bifurcates into internal and external
how to tell them apart?

A

internal carotid supplies the brain
external supplies head and neck = branches off to supply the thyroid [superior thyroid] and others

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11
Q

suprahyoid muscles list

A
  • mylohyoid
  • digastric
  • stylohyoid
  • geniohyoid
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12
Q

suprahyoid muscles function

A

raise the hyoid bone, as required for swallowing

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13
Q

mylohyoid location and action

A

location = originates at mylohyoid line of mandible, inserts body of hyoid and fibres of opposite mylohyoid

action = elevates hyoid and forms the floor of the oral cavity

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14
Q

digastric location and actions

A

anterior and posterior belly
location
ANTERIOR = digastric fossa on lower mandiblE
POSTERIOR = originates on mastoid notch of mastoid process
both insert at attachment of intermediate tendon at hyoid

actions
ANTERIOR = raises hyoud and opens mouth by lowering mandible
POSTERIOR = elevates and retracts hyoid bone

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15
Q

stylohyoid location and action

A

location = originates at stylohyoid prcoess and inserts into body of hyoid
action = pulls hyoid bone upward

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16
Q

geniohyoid location and action

A

location = orginates from mandible, inserts at body of hyoid, superior to mylohyoid

action = fixed mandible, elevates and pulls hyoid forward
fixed hyoid, pulls mandible downward and inward

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17
Q

innervation of suprahyoid muscles

A

mylohyoid = CN V3 inferior alveolar [nerve to mylohyoid]
anterior digastric = nerve to mylohyoid
posterior digastric = digastric branch of CN VII
stylohyoid = CN VII
geniohyoid = anterior ramus of C1, travels wth CN XIII

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18
Q

infrahyoid muscles list

A
  • sternohyoid
  • omohyoid
  • thyrohyoid
  • sternothyroid
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19
Q

infrahyoid function

A

‘strap’ muscles
depress of fix hyoid bone, provide attachment for suprahyoid muscles

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20
Q

sternohyoid location and action

A

location = originates at posterior surface of sternoclavicular joint, inserts into body of hyoid medially

action = depresses hyoid after elevation during swallowing

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21
Q

omohyoid location and action

A

inferior and superior
superior = inserts into body of hyoid laterally
inferior = inferior belly orginates at superior border of scapula
attached by a tendon which attaches to clavicle with fascia sling

actions = depresses and fixes hyoid

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22
Q

thyrohyoid location and action

A

location = originates at oblique line at thyroid cartilage, inserts into greater horn and adjacent body of hyoid

actions = depresses hyoid, raise larynx when hyoid is fixed

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23
Q

sternohyoid location and action

A

location = orginates at posterior surface of manubrium, inserts into oblique line on thyroid cartilage

action = draws the larynx downward

24
Q

infrahyoid muscles innervation

A

sternothyroid, omohyoid, sternohyoid = anterior rami of C1 - C3

thyrohyoid = anterior rami of C1 but fibres run with CN XII

25
Q

common carotid artery can be split into right and left
where are they branches from

A

right = branch of brachiocephalic trunk

left = direct branch from aortic arch

26
Q

where do the ICA and ECA come from

A

branches of common carotid
at level C3/C4

27
Q

does the internal carotid artery have branches

A

no
ascends to enter carotid canal and supply the brain

28
Q

external carotid artery branches

A

8 branches [SAOLFPSM]
- superior thryoid
- ascending pharyngeal
- occipital
- lingual
- facial
- posterior auricular
- superficial temporal
- maxillary

29
Q

internal jugular vein functions

A

drains blood from brain, skull, face and parts of the neck

continuation of sigmoid sinus, exits skulls via jugular foramen and enters carotid sheath, lateral to CCA

30
Q

veins draining into internal jugular vein

A

inferior petrosal sinus
pharyngeal
occipital
facial
lingual
superior thyroid
middle thyroid

31
Q

what does the internal jugular vein join as it reaches the clavicle

A

joins subclavian vein to become brachiocephalic vein

32
Q

thyroid gland 4 features

A

pyramidal lobe [central]
right lobe
isthmus
left lobe

33
Q

thyroid gland features = where on the neck

A

within visceral neck component
R+L extends from thryoid cartilage to 5th tracheal ring
isthmus = 3rd tracheal ring

34
Q

thyroid gland arterial supply and venous drainage

A

ARTERIAL
- superior thyroud artery [ECA]
- inferior thyroid artery [branch of thyrocervical from subclavian]

VENOUS
- superior thyroid vein [into IJV]
- middle thyroid vein [into IJV]
- inferior thyroid vein [into bracheocephalic]

35
Q

parathyroid gland

A

2 pairs of small glands, posterior surface of thyroid

inferior thyroid artery supplies it
venous drainage same as thyroid

36
Q

relationship of thyroid and parathyroid

A

both innervated by thyroid branches from cervical (sympathetic) ganglia

37
Q

recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy

A

concern of neck surgery[cervical spine]
due to the proximity of recurrent laryngeal nerves to trachea and oesophagus and glanfs

38
Q

posterior triangle borders

A

posterior border of SCM
anterior border of trapezius
middle 3rd of clavicle and occipital bone

39
Q

posterior triangle fascia

A

roof = deep investing, around muscles
floor = prevertebral fascia

40
Q

what is fascia

A

thin connective tissue

41
Q

posterior triangle muscles

A
  • sternocleidomastoid
  • trapezius
  • anterior scalene
  • middle scalene
  • posterior scalene
42
Q

sternocleidomastoid location and action

A

location = sternal head from manubrium of sternum, clavicular head from medial 3rd of clavicle

actions = draws head forward, tilts head towards ipsilateral shoulder while turning face contralaterally

43
Q

trapezius location and action

A

location = superior nuchal line, inserts into lateral 3rd of clavicle

actions = rotating scapula during abduction of humerus, upper fibres elevate, middle abduct, lower depresses scapula

44
Q

CN XII importance in posterior triangle

A

spinal accessory
innervates SCM and trapezius
controls px ability to shrug shoulders

45
Q

levator scapulae location and action

A

location = C1-C4, inserts into scapula [upper medial border]
action = elevates scapula

innervation = C3, C4 and dorsal scapular nerve C4 C5

46
Q

anterior scalene location and action

A

location = C3-C6, inserts into upper surface of rib 1

action = elevates 1st rib

47
Q

middle scalene location and action

A

location = originates C4-C7, inserts into rib 1

action = elevates 1st rib

48
Q

anterior and middle scalene is innervated by;

A

anterior rami of C4-C7 [and C3 for anterior]

49
Q

cervicular plexus

A

Complex neurological structure located within head and neck - communication between anterior divisions of C1-C4 nerves

Located in posterior triangle, halfway up SCM within prevertebral fascia
Formed by the anterior rami of C1-C4

50
Q

muscular branches of cervicular plexus

A
  • phrenic nerve [C3,4,5]
  • asna cervicalis [C1,2,3]
  • ## branches to prevertebral and vertebral muscles
51
Q

cutaneous branches of cervical plexus

A
  • C2 [ lesser occipital nerve]
  • C2,3 [great auricular, transverse cervicular nerve]
  • C3,4 [supraclavicular nerve]
52
Q

superficial venous drainage of the neck done by;

A

external jugular vein - crosses SCM, drains into subclavian
anterior jugular vein - draisn into external jugular vein

53
Q

hypoglossal nerve CN XII

A

passes inferior angle of mandible, crosses ICA/ECA to tongue
innervates extrinsic and intrinsic muscles of tongue

54
Q

phrenic nerve

A

orginates from cervical necks in neck C3,4,5
innervates diaphragm - crucial role in breathing
runs posterior to subclavian vein

55
Q

subclavian artery and vein

A

lies below clavicle
provides blood supply to bilateral extremities with contributions to head/neck

56
Q

Horner’s syndrome

A

caused due to damage to cervical sympathetic trunk
anterior approach to cervical spine

57
Q
A

BDS3 ANATOMY (7 decks)

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