NECK TRAINGLES ILOS

Question 1

hyoid bone location and function

Answer 1

U shaped, C3 of anterior neck
body, greater and lesser horns
attachment structure for tongue and muscles
aids in tongue movement and deglutition

Question 2

boundaries of anterior triangle

Answer 2

inferior border of mandible
anterior border of SCM
midline of neck

Question 3

subdivisions of anterior triangle

Answer 3

submandibular
submental
carotid
muscular

Question 4

mylohyoid

Answer 4

location = mylohyoud line of mandible, inserts into body of hyoid
actions = elevates hyoid and forms floor of oral cavity
innervation = CNV3 [IAV nerve to mylohyoid]

Question 5

digastric

Answer 5

two bodies
location = anterior, digastric fossa on lower mandible
posterior, mastoid notch on mastoid process
both insert in tendon at hyoid

actions = raises hyoid and opens mouth by lowering mandible [a] elevates and retracts hyoid bone [p]

innervation = nerve to mylohyoid [a] digastric branch of CN VII [p]

Question 6

mylohyoid

Answer 6

attachment = styloid process, inserts into hyoid

action = pulls hyoid bone upwards

innervation = CN VII

Question 7

geniohyoid

Answer 7

attachment = mandible, inserts at body of hyoid

actions = elevates and pulls hyoid forward [fixed mandible], pulls mandible downward/inward [fixed mandible]

innervation = anterior ramus of C1 [travels with CN XII]

Question 8

name the 4 suprahyoid muscles

Answer 8

• mylohyoid
• digastric
• stylohyoid
• geniohyoid

Question 9

name the 4 infrahyoid muscles

Answer 9

• omohyoid
• sternohyoid
• thyrohyoid
• sternothryoid

Question 10

infrahyoid muscles actions

Answer 10

depresses fixed hyoid bone and provides attachment for suprahyoid muscles

Question 11

sternohyoid

Answer 11

attachment = posterior sternoclavicular joint and manubrium

action = depress hyoid after elevation during swallowing

innervation = anterior rami of C1-C3 [through ansa cervicalis]

Question 12

omohyoid

Answer 12

inferior and superior belly

attachment = intermediate tendon [superior] superior scapula [inferior] tendon attaches to clavicle

action = depresses and fixes the hyoid

innervation = anterior ramuiof C1-3

Question 13

thyrohyoid

Answer 13

attachment = oblique line of thyroid cartilage, greater horn of hyoid

actions = depresses hyoid, raise larynx when hyoid is fixed

innervation = anterior rami of C1, fibres run with CN XII

Question 14

sternothyroid

Answer 14

attachment = posterior surface of manubrium, insrts in oblique line of thyroid cartilage

actions = draws larynx downwards

innervation = anterior rami of C1-C3

Question 15

carotid sheath

Answer 15

important landmark
anterior triangle, from carotid canal to aortic arch

CCA, IJV, vagus nerve
[ICA and ECA]

Question 16

how to tell ECA and ICA

Answer 16

they bifurcate off of the CCA, distinguish by ECA having branches

Question 17

ECA and ICA supplies..

Answer 17

ECA supplies head and neck, ICA supplies brain

Question 18

name the 8 ECA branches

Answer 18

-superior thryoid
-ascending pharyngeal
-occipital
-lingual
-facial
-posterior auricular
-superficial temporal [terminal]
-maxillary [terminal]

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Question 19

thyroid gland

Answer 19

location = sits under thyroid/cricoid cartilage on trachea

made up of 2 lateral lobes, midline isthmus and midline pyramidal lobe

Question 20

arterial supply and venous drainage of thyroid gland

Answer 20

superior thyroid artery [ECA] inferior thyroid artery [branch of thyrocervical trunk from subclavian]

superior thyroid vein [into IJV], middle thyroid vein [IJV], inferior thyroid vein [into brachiocephalic]