Neck Part 1 Flashcards
hyoid bone
u-shaped bone, many muscles attach to it
osteology of the neck
seven cervical vertebrae (C1-C7)
hyoid bone
larynx and trachea
visceral column consists of
pharynx
esophagus
larynx and trachea
pharynx
a muscular tube that serves as passage for food and fluids
esophagus
muscular tube continuous with pharynx
extends from pharynx to stomach
larynx and trachea
air passage that leads to the lungs
what are fascia
a thin connective tissue that surrounds: vessels, muscles, organs (trachea, esophagus, thyroid gland), vertebral column
cervical fascial sheaths function
bind structures together, provide smooth surfaces over which structures may move, and to define spaces between groups of structures
carotid sheath
encloses vagus nerve, common carotid artery and internal jugular vein
platysma
the most superficial muscle in the neck
when platysma is removed what is visible
sternocleidomastoid muscle is visible, an important landmark in the neck
triangles of the neck
anterior and psoterior
borders of the anterior triangle
sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM), mandible, anterior midline of the neck
borders of the posterior triangle
SCM, clavicle, trapezius
subunits of the anterior triangle
submandibular triangle
submental triangle
muscular triangle
carotid triangle
submandibular triangle
below mandible; defined by anterior and posterior bellies of the digastric muscle and inferior border of the mandible
submental triangle
below chin; anterior bellies of L and R digastric muscles, and hyoid bone
muscular triangle
defined by superior belly of omohyoid, SCM, and midline of the neck
carotid triangle
defined by posterior belly of the digastric, omohyoid, and SCM
subunits of the posterior triangle
occipital and supraclavicular triangles
anterior triangle of the neck contains
common carotid artery
internal jugular vein
vagus nerve
common carotid artery
blood supply to the head and neck
internal jugular vein
drains head and neck
vagus nerve
supplies viscera muscles
common carotid arteries
left common carotid artery: branch of the arch of aorta
right common carotid artery: branch of the brachiocephalic artery
each common carotid artery bifurcates into
external and internal carotid artery
internal carotid artery
enters the skull, supplies brain, gives no branches in the neck
external carotid artery
supplies most of the head and neck structures
external carotid artery gives 4 main branches in the neck
superior thyroid artery (to thyroid gland)
lingual artery (to tongue)
facial artery (to face)
occipital artery (to scalp)
hypoglossal nerve
lies in the anterior triangle
crosses the lingual artery
supplies muscles of the tongue
thyroid gland structure and location
two lobes connected by the isthmus
gland sits below the thyroid cartilage; isthmus is at the level of the 2nd-3rd tracheal ring
thyroid gland produces
thyroid hormones essential for metabolic processes that regulate growth and development
parathyroid glands structure and location
usually 4 in number, located on the back of the thyroid gland
parathyroid glands secrete
parathormone (PTH)
increases blood calcium
thyroid gland blood supply
superior and inferior thyroid arteries
superior thyroid artery is a branch of
the external carotid artery
inferior thyroid artery is a branch of
the thyrocervical trunk (from subclavian artery)
right subclavian artery origin
a branch of the brachiocephalic artery
left subclavian artery origin
branches directly from the arch of aorta
the brachiocephalic artery gives
the right subclavian artery and the right common carotid artery
submandibular triangle
L & R
part of anterior neck triangle
defined by the anterior and posterior bellies of the digastric muscle and the mylohyoid muscle
contains submandibular salivary gland
sympathetic chains
part of the autonomic nervous system
chains with ganglia present on the two sides of the spine
sympathetic chains in the neck region
typically have 3 ganglia: superior, middle and inferior
the inferior ganglion sometimes fuses with the ___________ to form the ______ _____
first thoracic ganglion
stellate ganglion
in the head and neck region, the sympathetic nerves, from sympathetic chains supply
blood vessels to the head and neck (vasoconstriction), eye for pupillary dilation, heart (increase heart rate), sweat glands for perspiration
horner’s syndrome
damage to the sympathetic chain in the neck (or sympathetic nerves)
horner’s syndrome symptoms
pupillary constriction (miosis)
loss of sweating (anhydrosis)
drooping of eyelid (ptosis)
