Neck Part 1

Question 1

hyoid bone

Answer 1

u-shaped bone, many muscles attach to it

Question 2

osteology of the neck

Answer 2

seven cervical vertebrae (C1-C7)
hyoid bone
larynx and trachea

Question 3

visceral column consists of

Answer 3

pharynx
esophagus
larynx and trachea

Question 4

pharynx

Answer 4

a muscular tube that serves as passage for food and fluids

Question 5

esophagus

Answer 5

muscular tube continuous with pharynx
extends from pharynx to stomach

Question 6

larynx and trachea

Answer 6

air passage that leads to the lungs

Question 7

what are fascia

Answer 7

a thin connective tissue that surrounds: vessels, muscles, organs (trachea, esophagus, thyroid gland), vertebral column

Question 8

cervical fascial sheaths function

Answer 8

bind structures together, provide smooth surfaces over which structures may move, and to define spaces between groups of structures

Question 9

carotid sheath

Answer 9

encloses vagus nerve, common carotid artery and internal jugular vein

Question 10

platysma

Answer 10

the most superficial muscle in the neck

Question 11

when platysma is removed what is visible

Answer 11

sternocleidomastoid muscle is visible, an important landmark in the neck

Question 12

triangles of the neck

Answer 12

anterior and psoterior

Question 13

borders of the anterior triangle

Answer 13

sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM), mandible, anterior midline of the neck

Question 14

borders of the posterior triangle

Answer 14

SCM, clavicle, trapezius

Question 15

subunits of the anterior triangle

Answer 15

submandibular triangle
submental triangle
muscular triangle
carotid triangle

Question 16

submandibular triangle

Answer 16

below mandible; defined by anterior and posterior bellies of the digastric muscle and inferior border of the mandible

Question 17

submental triangle

Answer 17

below chin; anterior bellies of L and R digastric muscles, and hyoid bone

Question 18

muscular triangle

Answer 18

defined by superior belly of omohyoid, SCM, and midline of the neck

Question 19

carotid triangle

Answer 19

defined by posterior belly of the digastric, omohyoid, and SCM

Question 20

subunits of the posterior triangle

Answer 20

occipital and supraclavicular triangles

Question 21

anterior triangle of the neck contains

Answer 21

common carotid artery
internal jugular vein
vagus nerve

Question 22

common carotid artery

Answer 22

blood supply to the head and neck

Question 23

internal jugular vein

Answer 23

drains head and neck

Question 24

vagus nerve

Answer 24

supplies viscera muscles

Question 25

common carotid arteries

Answer 25

left common carotid artery: branch of the arch of aorta
right common carotid artery: branch of the brachiocephalic artery

Question 26

each common carotid artery bifurcates into

Answer 26

external and internal carotid artery

Question 27

internal carotid artery

Answer 27

enters the skull, supplies brain, gives no branches in the neck

Question 28

external carotid artery

Answer 28

supplies most of the head and neck structures

Question 29

external carotid artery gives 4 main branches in the neck

Answer 29

superior thyroid artery (to thyroid gland)
lingual artery (to tongue)
facial artery (to face)
occipital artery (to scalp)

Question 30

hypoglossal nerve

Answer 30

lies in the anterior triangle
crosses the lingual artery
supplies muscles of the tongue

Question 31

thyroid gland structure and location

Answer 31

two lobes connected by the isthmus
gland sits below the thyroid cartilage; isthmus is at the level of the 2nd-3rd tracheal ring

Question 32

thyroid gland produces

Answer 32

thyroid hormones essential for metabolic processes that regulate growth and development

Question 33

parathyroid glands structure and location

Answer 33

usually 4 in number, located on the back of the thyroid gland

Question 34

parathyroid glands secrete

Answer 34

parathormone (PTH)
increases blood calcium

Question 35

thyroid gland blood supply

Answer 35

superior and inferior thyroid arteries

Question 36

superior thyroid artery is a branch of

Answer 36

the external carotid artery

Question 37

inferior thyroid artery is a branch of

Answer 37

the thyrocervical trunk (from subclavian artery)

Question 38

right subclavian artery origin

Answer 38

a branch of the brachiocephalic artery

Question 39

left subclavian artery origin

Answer 39

branches directly from the arch of aorta

Question 40

the brachiocephalic artery gives

Answer 40

the right subclavian artery and the right common carotid artery

Question 41

submandibular triangle

Answer 41

L & R
part of anterior neck triangle
defined by the anterior and posterior bellies of the digastric muscle and the mylohyoid muscle
contains submandibular salivary gland

Question 42

sympathetic chains

Answer 42

part of the autonomic nervous system
chains with ganglia present on the two sides of the spine

Question 43

sympathetic chains in the neck region

Answer 43

typically have 3 ganglia: superior, middle and inferior

Question 44

the inferior ganglion sometimes fuses with the ___________ to form the ______ _____

Answer 44

first thoracic ganglion
stellate ganglion

Question 45

in the head and neck region, the sympathetic nerves, from sympathetic chains supply

Answer 45

blood vessels to the head and neck (vasoconstriction), eye for pupillary dilation, heart (increase heart rate), sweat glands for perspiration

Question 46

horner’s syndrome

Answer 46

damage to the sympathetic chain in the neck (or sympathetic nerves)

Question 47

horner’s syndrome symptoms

Answer 47

pupillary constriction (miosis)
loss of sweating (anhydrosis)
drooping of eyelid (ptosis)