Ear and Eye

Question 1

bones forming the orbit are

Answer 1

frontal
zygomatic
maxilla
lacrimal
sphenoid
ethmoid
palatine

Question 2

bony orbit protects the

Answer 2

eyes, the sensory organs for vision

Question 3

muscles that move the eyeball (extraocular muscles)

Answer 3

four rectus muscles: superior rectus, inferior rectus, medial rectus, lateral rectus

two oblique muscles: superior oblique, inferior oblique

Question 4

superior rectus

Answer 4

moves the eyeball up

Question 5

inferior rectus

Answer 5

moves the eyeball down

Question 6

medial rectus

Answer 6

moves the eyeball medially

Question 7

lateral rectus

Answer 7

moves the eyeball laterally

Question 8

superior oblique

Answer 8

moves the eyeball laterally and down

Question 9

inferior oblique

Answer 9

moves the eyeball laterally and up

Question 10

all eye muscles originate from

Answer 10

a common tendinous ring around optic foramen

Question 11

the inferior oblique originates from

Answer 11

the floor of the orbit

Question 12

all muscles of the eye are innervated by

Answer 12

CN III (Oculomotor nerve)

Question 13

all eye muscles are innervated by CN III except

Answer 13

lateral rectus muscle (CN VI) and superior oblique muscle (CN IV)

Question 14

intraocular muscles and their functions

Answer 14

constrictor pupillae muscle: constricts the pupil
dilator pupillae muscle: dilates the pupil

Question 15

intraocular muscles receive ______ innervation

Answer 15

autonomic innervation

Question 16

parasympathetic fibres of the intraocular muscles

Answer 16

from CN III —> constrictor pupillae muscle

Question 17

sympathetic fibres of the intraocular muscles

Answer 17

from sympathetic chain —> dilator pupillae muscle

Question 18

lacrimal gland lies in the

Answer 18

anterolateral part of the roof of the orbit

Question 19

tears pass across the surface of the eye and collect in the

Answer 19

lacrimal sac

Question 20

from the lacrimal sac tears drain via _______ duct into the nose

Answer 20

nasolacrimal

Question 21

lacrimal gland innervation

Answer 21

parasympathetic fibres from facial nerve (CN VII)

Question 22

cranial nerves in the orbit

Answer 22

CN II
CN III
CN IV
CN V
CN VI

Question 23

CN II

Answer 23

optic nerve
special sensory fibers for vision

Question 24

CN III

Answer 24

oculomotor nerve
motor fibers: to most, 4 out of 6, extraocular muscles
parasympathetic fibers: to muscles that constrict pupil

Question 25

CN IV

Answer 25

trochlear nerve motor nerve to superior oblique muscle

Question 26

CN V

Answer 26

trigeminal nerve V1 branch; sensory nerve to the eyeball, skin on forehead, upper eyelid

Question 27

CN VI

Answer 27

abducens nerve motor nerve to lateral rectus muscle

Question 28

the ear canal of the external ear is separated from the middle ear by the

Answer 28

eardrum

Question 29

the middle ear is filled with and contains

Answer 29

air-filled and contains three small bones (ossicles)

Question 30

the middle ear is involved in

Answer 30

the transmission of sound

Question 31

the middle ear is connected to the throat via

Answer 31

the Eustachian tube

Question 32

the inner ear contains the

Answer 32

vestibular system (for balance) cochlea (for hearing)

Question 33

external ear (pinna) is made of

Answer 33

elastic yellow fibrocartilage covered by skin

Question 34

pinna is shaped into

Answer 34

helix, the outer fold, and antihelix, the inner fold

Question 35

external auditory meatus extends from

Answer 35

the opening of the meatus to the tympanic membrane approximately 25 mm long

Question 36

flap over the opening of the meatus is the _____ and the opposite fold is the

Answer 36

tragus antitragus

Question 37

external auditory meatus structure

Answer 37

is enclosed in cartilage for the first 1/3 of its length, and in bone for the remaining 2/3s of its length

Question 38

external auditory meatus is lined by ______ which includes

Answer 38

epithelium which includes sebaceous and ceruminous glands and hair follicles

Question 39

inner wall of the meatus is formed by the

Answer 39

tympanic membrane

Question 40

tympanic membrane

Answer 40

a thin, cone-shaped, membrane transmits sound from the air to the middle ear ossicles

Question 41

malleus

Answer 41

one of the ossicles is attached to the inner surface of the tympanic membrane at umbo, the most depressed part of the cone

Question 42

tympanic membrane is innervated by

Answer 42

sensory branches of CN V, IX and X nerves

Question 43

malleus is one of the... and is attached to

Answer 43

is one of the three auditory ossicles and its handle is attached to the inner surface of the tympanic membrane

Question 44

tensor tympani muscle

Answer 44

attaches to the handle of malleus role is to dampen the sounds and protect against hearing loss innervated by the V3 branch of CN V

Question 45

the 3 middle ear ossicles are... are they articulate with one another by

Answer 45

malleus, incus, stapes synovial joints

Question 46

malleus is attached to the

Answer 46

inner surface of the eardrum

Question 47

the head of malleus makes a joint with

Answer 47

incus

Question 48

incus makes a joint with

Answer 48

stapes

Question 49

the footplate of stapes inserts into the

Answer 49

oval window - the entrance to the cochlea of the inner ear

Question 50

stapedius muscle attaches

Answer 50

to the stapes and draws stapes backward

Question 51

stapedius muscle is innervated by

Answer 51

facial nerve (CN VII)

Question 52

function of the three ossicles

Answer 52

transmit sound vibrations from the eardrum to the fluid in cochlea

Question 53

middle ear is the

Answer 53

space between the external auditory meatus and the wall of the inner ear often described as a box, with the roof, floor, anterior, posterior, medial and lateral walls

Question 54

the roof of the middle ear is formed by

Answer 54

tegmen tympani, part of the petrous temporal bone separates the middle ear cavity from middle cranial fossa

Question 55

the floor of the middle ear is formed by

Answer 55

a thin layer of bone separating cavity from internal jugular vein

Question 56

the lateral wall of the middle ear is formed by

Answer 56

the inner surface of the tympanic membrane

Question 57

chorda tympani nerve passes between the

Answer 57

handle of malleus and the incus

Question 58

the medial wall of the middle ear separates

Answer 58

the middle ear from the inner

Question 59

the medial wall contains the

Answer 59

oval window and round window, the two openings that communicate with cochlea of the inner ear stapes attaches to the oval window stapedius muscle attaches to the stapes; dampens the sounds

Question 60

anterior wall of the middle ear

Answer 60

eustachian tube opens here, the tube connects middle ear with nasopharynx canal for tensor tympani muscle above tube, internal carotid artery passes below tube

Question 61

facial nerves arises from the brain and enters the

Answer 61

internal acoustic meatus in the petrous temporal bone together with the vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII)

Question 62

the three functional components of facial nerve

Answer 62

motor root: innervates muscles of facial expression sensory fibers: provide taste to anterior 2/3s of the tongue autonomic fibers: innervate lacrimal, submandibular and sublingual glands

Question 63

the motor root of the facial nerve exits skull via

Answer 63

stylomastoid foramen

Question 64

the motor root of the facial nerve gives

Answer 64

5 motor branches to the face that supply muscles of facial expression

Question 65

greater petrosal nerve

Answer 65

reaches the pterygopalatine ganglion and via the ganglion carries parasympathetic fibres to the lacrimal gland to activate tear production

Question 66

chorda tympani

Answer 66

passes through the middle ear, carries special sensory fibres of taste to the tongue, and parasympathetic fibres to submandibular and sublingual salivary glands