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NSB Anatomy > Neck & Oral Cavity > Flashcards

Neck & Oral Cavity Flashcards

1
Q

What are the boundaries of the oral cavity?

A

Superiorly - nasal cavities & hard palate

Posteriorly - pharynx (oropharynx)

Inferiorly - floor of mouth musculature

Laterally - buccinator muscle

Anteriorly - oral fissure

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2
Q

What are the two compartments of the oral cavity?

A

Oral vestibule
Oral cavity proper

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3
Q

The opening to what is found in the oral vestibule?

A

Opening of parotid duct

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4
Q

What is found in the oral cavity proper?

A

Teeth
Gingivae
Openings for sublingual and submandibular glands
Tongue

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5
Q

What is it termed where the oral cavity proper meets the oropharynx posteriorly?

A

Oropharyngeal isthmus

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6
Q

What are the two arches at the back of the mouth called?

A

Palatogolossal arch
Palatopharyngeal arch

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7
Q

What are the five muscles of the soft palate?

A

Tensor veli palatini
Levator veli palatini
Palatopharyngeus
Palatoglossus
Musculus uvulae

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8
Q

Indicate where the following muscles are on the diagram:
- Tensor veli palatini
- Levator veli palatini
- Palatopharyngeus
- Palatoglossus
- Musculus uvulae

A
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9
Q

Levator veli palatini
Palatopharyngeus
Palatoglossus
Musculus uvulae

are all innovated by which CN?

And which pharyngeal arch are they descended from?

A

CN X (Vagus)

4th pharyngeal arch

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10
Q

Which CN innervates tensor veli palatini? Which pharyngeal arch does this derive from?

A

CN V(3) (mandibular)

2nd pharyngeal arch

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11
Q

What is the bone of the hard palate covered by?

A

Aponeurosis & mucous membranes

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12
Q

What are the bones which make up the hard palate?

A

Palatine processes maxillae

Horizontal plates of palatine bones

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13
Q

Where are the
- palatine processes maxillae
- horizontal plates of palatine bones
- transverse palatine suture
- median palatine suture

A
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14
Q

Which nerves innervate:
- Sensation
- Special sense
- Secretomotor

of the palate?

A
  • Sensation = CN V(2)
  • Special sense = CN VII
  • Secretomotor = CN VII
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15
Q

Which artery supplies the palate with blood?

A

Maxillary artery

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16
Q

What are the extrinsic muscles of the tongue used for?

A

Changing position of the tongue - aid eating & swallowing

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17
Q

What are the four extrinisic muscles of the tongue?

A

Genioglossus
Hyoglossus
Styloglossus
Palatoglossus

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18
Q

Are the extrinsic muscles of the tongue paired or unpaired?

A

Paired

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19
Q

Which cranial nerve innervates the
- genioglossus
- hyoglossus &
- styloglossus?

A

Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

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20
Q

Which nerve innervates the palatoglossus muscle?

A

Vagus nerve

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21
Q

If the LMN of CN XII is damaged - what happens to the tongue?

A

It deviates to the side of the injury

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22
Q

If the UMN of CN XII is damaged - what happens to the tongue?

A

Tongue deviates away from the side of injury

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23
Q

What do the intrinsic muscles of the tongue do?

A

Change the shape of the tongue = allow precision movements such as speaking, eating & swallowing.

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24
Q

What are the four paired intrinsic muscles of the tongue?

A

Superior longitudinal
Inferior longitudinal
Transverse
Vertical

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25
Q

Which CN innervates the intrinsic muscles of the tongue?

A

Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

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26
Q
A
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27
Q

What is the tongue blade?

A

The bit that moves that is attached by frenulum

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28
Q

How is the tongue blade divided?

A

Anterior 2/3rds
Posterior 1/3rd

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29
Q

Which nerve provides (a) general sense and (b) special sense to the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue blade?

A

(a) V(3) - via lingual nerve

(b) VII via nervus intermedius

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30
Q

Which nerve provides general & special sense innervation to the posterior 1/3 of the tongue?

A

GPG nerve - CN IX

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31
Q

Which nerve provides general and special sense innervation to the root of the tongue?

A

Vagus nerve

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32
Q

Which nerve branches off the nervus intermedius & carries special & ANS to the submandibular and sublingual glands?

A

Chordae tempani

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33
Q

Which nerve provides taste sensation?

A

Chordae tempani via the lingual nerve

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34
Q

What are the borders of the neck?

A

Superior anterior = lower margin of mandible

Superior posterior = superior nuchal line

Inferiorly anteriorly = upper border of manubrium

Inferiorly posteriorly = CVII / T1

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35
Q

What are the two types of fascia of the neck?

A

Superficial
Deep investing cervical fascia

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36
Q

What does the superficial fascia of the neck contain?

A

Platysma muscle

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37
Q

What is found in the deep investing cervical fascia?

A

Superficial muscles of the neck

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38
Q

What are the superficial muscles of the neck?

A

Trapezius
Sternocleidomastoid
Infrahyoid

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39
Q

What are the four types of deep cervical fascia in the neck?

A

Investing
Pretrachial
Prevertebral
Carotid sheath & Alar fascia

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40
Q

What are the four compartments of the neck surrounded by?

A

Deep cervical fascia

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41
Q

What does the carotid sheath surround?

A

IJV
CN X
Internal Carotid
Common Carotid artery

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42
Q

What does the pretracheal fascia surround?

A

Oesophagus
Trachea
Thyroid gland
Infrahyoid muscles

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43
Q

What does the prevertebral fascia surround?

A

Vertebral column
Prevertebral muscles
Scalene muscles
Deep muscles of the back

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44
Q

What is the prevertebral fascia continuous with?

A

Axillary sheath

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45
Q

What are all compartments and spaces surrounded by in the neck?

A

Investing fascia

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46
Q

Why are fascial spaces important clinically?

A

Can be a source of infection transmission between compartments

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47
Q

Which space is in front of the trachea?

A

Pretracheal space

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48
Q

Which space is behind the pharynx?

A

Retropharyngeal space

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49
Q

What is the retropharyngeal space divided into (and by what)?

A

Into 2 spaces - divided by alar fascia

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50
Q

What does the pretracheal space communicate with?

A

Superior mediastinum

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51
Q

What does the retropharyngeal space communicate with?

A

Posterior mediastinum

52
Q

What does the fascial space in the prevertebral layer communicate with?

A

Posterior mediastinum and diaghragm

53
Q
A
54
Q
A
55
Q

What is the danger space in the neck?

A

Retropharyngeal subdivision - between the alar layer and prevertebral layer of retropharyngeal space.

56
Q

Why is it called the danger space?

A

Is a risk that infection in this space can spread easily to thorax or right or left sides or can travel upwards.

57
Q

Where is the danger space?

A

Ala fascia connects both carotid spaces - behind this = danger space.

58
Q
A
59
Q

What are the triangles of the neck?

A

Divisions of the neck which are surrounded by musculature

60
Q

What are the two main triangles of the neck?

A

Anterior
Posterior

61
Q
A
62
Q

What are the boundaries of the anterior triangle of the neck?

A

Anteriorly = median line
Posteriorly = anterior border of SCM
Superiorly = inferior border of mandible
Roof = superficial fascia & platysma muscle
Floor = pharynx, larynx & thyroid gland

63
Q

What are the subdivisions of the anterior triangle?

A

Submental (unpaired)
Submandibular (paired)
Carotid (paired)
Muscular (paired)

64
Q

What are the landmarks for the subdivisions of the anterior triangle?

A

Omohyoid muscle superior belly
Diagastric muscle anterior
Posterior belly of diagastic muscle

65
Q
A
66
Q

What are the boundaries of the posterior triangle of the neck?

A

Anterior = posterior border of SCM

Posterior = anterior border of trapezius

Inferiorly = middle 1/3rd clavicle

Roof = investing fascia

Floor = Splenius capitis, levator scapulae, middle + posterior scalenes

67
Q

What are the subdivisions of the posterior triangle?

A

Occipital triangle
Omoclavicular triangle

68
Q

Which is the important landmark for the posterior triangle?

A

The omohyoid muscle inferior belly

69
Q
A
70
Q

What is the butterfly-shaped endocrine gland found in the anterior triangle of the neck (in front of the trachea?)

A

Thyroid gland

71
Q

How many lobes does the thyroid gland have? What are they called?

What are they joined by?

A

2 lobes
Right and left
Joined in midline by isthmus - approx tracheal rings 2nd - 3rd

72
Q

Wha is the arterial supply of the thyroid gland?

A

Superior thyroid artery (from external carotid)

Inferior thyroid artery (from thyrocervical trunk of subclavian artery)

73
Q

What is the venous drainage of the thyroid gland?

A

Superior thyroid vein (from internal jugular vein)

Middle thyroid vein (from IJV)

Inferior thyroid vein (from left brachiocephalic vein)

74
Q
A
75
Q
A
76
Q

What are the three subdivisions of the pharynx?

A

Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx

77
Q

What do the constrictor muscles of the pharynx do?

A

Enable swallowing and seal off the larynx

78
Q

What are the three constrictor muscles of the pharynx?

A

Superior
Middle
Inferior

79
Q

Which nerve innervates the constrictor muscles of the pharynx?

A

Vagus nerve

80
Q
A
81
Q

What do the longitudinal muscles of the pharyx do?

A

Elevate the pharynx and enable swallowing

82
Q

What are the 3 muscles of the pharynx, and which nerve are they innervated by?

A

Stylopharynegeus - via CN IX (GPG)

Salpingopharyngeus
Palatopharyngeus
- both innervated by vagus

83
Q
A
84
Q

What is the function of the larynx?

A

Breathing and speech production

85
Q

What is the larynx composed of?

A

Muscles and cartilage

86
Q

What are the three unpaired cartilaginous structures of the larynx?

A

Epiglottis (elastic cartilage)

Thyroid cartilage (hyaline)

Cricoid (hyaline)

87
Q

What are the three paired cartilaginous structures of the larynx?

A

Arytenoids

Cuneiforms

Corniculates

88
Q
A
89
Q

Where are the arytenoids found?

A

On top of the cricoid cartilage

90
Q

Where is the corniculate cartilage found?

A

On top of the arytenoids

91
Q

Where are the cuneiforms found?

A

In the membrane and mucosa of the larynx - they strengthen, dont articulate

92
Q

What is the superior border of the thyroid cartilage?

A

C4

93
Q

Where does the common carotid artery bifurcate?

A

C4

94
Q

What dos the common carotid artery bifurcate into?

A

Internal and external carotid arteries

95
Q

What do the extrinsic muscles of the larynx do?

A

Elevate and depress the larynx for protection and speech, and aid swallowing

96
Q

What are the extrinsic muscles of the larynx?

A

The suprahyoid muscles
- inc myohyloid, stylohyoid, diagastric & geniohyoid muscles

and

The Infrahyoid muscles
- inc sternohyoid, sternothyroid, omohyoid & thyrohyoid muscles

97
Q
A
98
Q
A
99
Q

What are the intrinsic muscles responsible for?

A

Sound production
Breathing
Cough
Airway protection
Valsava

100
Q

Which are the intrinsic muscles of the larynx?

A

Cricothyroid
POsterior and lateral cricoarytenoids
Transverse and oblique arytenoids
Thyroarytenoid
Vocalis

101
Q

Which intrinsic laryngeal muscle is innervated by the vagus via the superior laryngeal nerve?

A

Cricothyroid

102
Q

What are the remaining laryngeal muscles innervated by?

A

Inferior larygneal nerve (via CN X)

103
Q
A
104
Q

What are the remaining laryngeal muscles innervated by?

A

Inferior laryngeal nerve (via CN X)

105
Q

Which vein passes superficially over the SCM?

A

External Jugular Vein

106
Q

Which vessel does the EJV drain into?

A

Right and left subclavian vein

107
Q

Where is the nerve point of the neck?

A

Halfway along posterior border of SCM

108
Q

What is the nerve point of the neck?

A

Where the cutaneous nerves of the cervical plexus become superficial

109
Q

What is another name for the nerve point of the neck?

A

Erb’s point

110
Q

Name four cutaneous nerves

A

Lesser occipital
Greater auricular
Transverse cervical
Supraclavicular

111
Q

Which muscles does the spinal accessory nerve from CN XI supply?

A

Innervates the SCM and trapezius muscle

112
Q
A
113
Q

Which veins form the anterior jugular vein?

A

Superficial mandibular veins

114
Q

Which is the only bone in the body that does not articulate directly with another bone?

A

Hyoid bone

115
Q

What are the boundaries of the anterior triangle of the neck?

A

Midline of neck
Anterior border of SCM
Manubrium of the sternum

116
Q

What is contained in the muscular triangle?

A

Infrahyoid muscles
AJV
Thyroid vessels
Thyroid cartilage, thyroid gland & tracheal rings

117
Q

What are the boundaries of the submental triangle?

A

Midline
Anterior belly of digastric
Hyoid bone

118
Q

What are the contents of the submental triangle?

A

Mylohyoid muscle (floor of mouth)
Anterior jugular vein

119
Q

What is the content of the submandibular triangle?

A

Stylohyoid
Facial vessels
Lingual vessels
Hypoglossal nerve
Submandibular gland

120
Q

What is the content of the carotid triangle?

A

Common carotid artery
Internal jugular vein
Facial vessels
Lingual vessels
Thyroid vessels
Vagus nerve
Hypoglassal nerve
Ansa Cervicalis

121
Q

What is the ansa cervicalis?

A

A loop of nerves that are part of the cervical plexus

122
Q

Which 3 neurovascular structures run underneath the carotid sheath?

A

Carotid artery
Jugular vein
Vagus nerve

123
Q

Why is C3-4 an important landmark?

A

Is where the common carotid artery bifurcates.

Is also the superior border of the thyroid cartilage

124
Q
A
124
Q
A
125
Q
A

NSB Anatomy (6 decks)

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