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NE Exam 1 > Neck Myology > Flashcards

Neck Myology Flashcards

1
Q

Platysma
O:
I:
A:
Innervation:

A

O: Inferior border of Mandible, skin and subcutaneous tissues of lower face
I: Fascia covering superior parts of Pectoralis Major and Deltoid muscles
A: Draws corners of mouth inferiorly, draws skin of neck superiorly
Innervation: Cervical branch of Facial N

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2
Q

Sternocleidomastoid (SCM)
O:
I:
A:
Innervation:

A

O: Sternal head- attaches to Manubrium, Clavicular head- attaches to superior surface of the medial clavicle
I: Lateral surface of mastoid process of temporal bone, lateral half of superior nichal line
A: Unilateral contraction, ipsilateral lateral flexion, contralateral rotation, bilateral contraction- flexion
Innervation: Spinal Accessory N (CN XI, motor); C3 and C4 nerves (pain and proprioception)

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3
Q

Trapezius
O:
I:
A:
Innervation:

A

O: Medial superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance, nuchal ligament, spinous processes of C7-T12 vertebrae
I: Lateral clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula
A: Elevates, retracts and rotates scapula superiorly; superior fibers- elevate scapula/shoulder, maintain level of shoulders against gravity or resistance
Innervation: Spinal Accessory N (CN XI, motor); C3 and C4 nerves (pain and proprioception)

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4
Q

What are the 4 Infrahyoid Muscles?

A
  • Sternohyoid
  • Superior Belly of Omohyoid
  • Sternothyroid
  • Thyrohyoid
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5
Q

Sternohyoid
Location:
A:
Innervation:

A

Location: midline in neck - attaches manubrium of sternum to hyoid
A: depresses hyoid after elevation during swallowing
Innervation: Ansa Cervicalis (C1-C3)

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6
Q

Superior Belly of Omohyoid
Location:
A:
Innervation:

A

Location: Lateral to the Sternohyoid m; attaches to the hyoid bone
A: depresses, retracts and steadies Hyoid
Innervation: Ansa Cervicalis (C1-C3)

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7
Q

Sternothyroid
Location:
A:
Innervation:

A

Location: Deep to the Sternohyoid and Omohyoid muscles; attaches manubrium of sternum to oblique line of thyroid cartilage
A: Depresses hyoid and larynx
Innervation: Ansa Cervicalis (C2-C3)

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8
Q

Thyrohyoid
Location:
A:
Innervation:

A

Location: Attaches oblique line of thyroid cartilage to hyoid bone
A: Depresses hyoid and elevates larynx
Innervation: C1 with Hypoglossal N (CN XII) and nerve to thyrohyoid

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9
Q

Suprahyoid Muscles

A
  • Superior to the hyoid and connect it to the cranium
  • includes: Mylohyoid, Geniohyoid, Stylohyoid, Digastric muscles
  • Constitute the substance of the floor of the mouth, supporting the hyoid in providing a base from which the tongue functions and elevating the hyoid and larynx in relation to swallowing and tone production
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10
Q

Digastric Muscles

A
  • each muscle has two bellies joined by an intermediate tendon that descends toward the hyoid
  • a Fibrous Sling derived from the pretracheal layer of deep cervical fascia allows the tendon to slide anteriorly and posteriorly as it connects this tendon to the body and greater horn of the hypoid
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11
Q

Anterior Belly of Digastric Muscle

A
  • Embyro: derived from 1st Pharyngeal Arch
  • Innervation: CN V (Trigeminal N)
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12
Q

Posterior Belly of Digastric Muscle

A
  • Embryo: derived from the 2nd Pharyngeal Arch
  • Innervation: CN VII (Facial N)
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13
Q

Mylohyoid
O:
I:
A:
Innervation:

A

O: Mylohyloid line of mandible
I: Mylohyoid raphe and body of Hyoid
A: Elevates hyoid, floor of mouth, and tongue during swallowing and speaking
Innervation: Nerve to mylohyoid, a branch of inferior alveolar N (from mandibular N CN V3)

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14
Q

Geniohyoid
O:
I:
A:
Innervation:

A

O: Inferior mental spine of mandible
I: Hyoid
A: Pulls hyoid anterosuperiorly, shortens floor of mouth, widens pharynx
Innervation: C1 via Hypoglossal N (CN XII) and N to Geniohyoid

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15
Q

Stylohyoid
O:
I:
A:
Innervation:

A

O: Styloid process of temporal bone in skull
I: Hyoid
A: Elevates and retracts hyoid thus elongating the floor of the mouth
Innervation: Facial N (CN VII, stylohyoid branch)

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16
Q

Anterior Belly of Digastric
O:
I:
A:
Innervation:

A

O: Digastric fossa of mandible
I: Intermediate tendon to body and greater horn of hyoid
A: Works with infrahyoid muscles to depress mandible against resistance, elevates and steadies hyoid during swallowing and speaking
Innervation: N to Myohyoid – a branch of inferior alveolar N from CN V3

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17
Q

Posterior Belly of Digastric
O:
I:
A:
Innervation:

A

O: Mastoid notch of temporal bone
I: Intermediate tendon to body and greater horn of hyoid
A: Works with infrahyoid muscles to depress mandible against resistance, elevates and steadies hyoid during swallowing and speaking
Innervation: Facial N (CN VII, digastric/preparotid branch)

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18
Q

Prevertebral Muscles are deep to ___ layer of ___ ___ fascia

A
  • Prevertebral
  • Deep Cervical
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19
Q

List of the Anterior Vertebral Muscles

A
  • Longus Colli
  • Longus Capitis
  • Rectus Capitis Anterior
  • Anterior Scalene

*these muscles lie directly posterior to the Retropharyngeal space and medial to the Neurovascular plane of the cervical and brachial plexuses and Subclavian A

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20
Q

List of the Lateral Vertebral Muscles

A
  • Rectus Capitis Lateralis
  • Splenius Capitis
  • Levator Scauplae
  • Middle Scalene
  • Posterior Scalene

*all except for the rectus capitis lateralis form the floor of the lateral cervical region

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20
Q

Inferior Oblique Longus Colli
O:
I:
A:
Innervation:

A

O: Anterior Vertebral bodies T1-3
I: Transverse Processes C5-6
A: Rotate face away
Innervation: C2-6

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21
Q

Superior Oblique Longus Colli
O:
I:
A:
Innervation:

A

O: Transverse Processes C3-5
I: Anterior Tubercle of C1
A: Laterally flex neck
Innervation: C2-6

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22
Q

Vertical Longus Colli
O:
I:
A:
Innervation:

A

O: Anterior vertebral bodies C3-T3
I: Anterior vertebral bodies C3, C4
A: Neck flexion
Innervation: C2-6

23
Q

Longus Capitis
O:
I:
A:
Innervation:

A

O: Transverse processes C3-6
I: Basilar Occipital B
A: Flex head
Innervation: C1-3

24
Q

Rectus Capitis Anterior
O:
I:
A:
Innervation:

A

O: Transverse process C1 (Atlas)
I: Anterior to Occipital Condyle
A: Flex head
Innervation: C1-2

25
Q

Rectus Capitis Lateralis
O:
I:
A:
Innervation:

A

O: Transverse process C1 (Atlas)
I: Jugular process Occipital B
A: Laterally flex head
Innervation: C1-2

26
Q

Anterior Scalene
O:
I:
A:
Innervation:

A

O: Transverse processes C3-6
I: Scalene tuberlce 1st rib
A: Elevate 1st rib, laterally flex neck, rotate face away
Innervation: C4-6

27
Q

Middle Scalene
O:
I:
A:
Innervation:

A

O: Transverse processes C1-7
I: 1st rib
A: Elevate 1st rib, laterally flex neck
Innervation: C3-8

28
Q

Posterior Scalene M
O:
I:
A:
Innervation:

A

O: Transverse processes C4-6
I: 2nd rib
A: Elevate 2nd rib, laterally flex neck
Innervation: C5-7

29
Q

Borders of the Posterior Triangle

A
  • Anterior Border: Sternocleidomastoid M
  • Posterior Border: Trapezius M
  • Inferior Border: Clavicle
30
Q

Posterior Triangle is further divided by the ___ belly of the Omohyoid M into the ___ triangle (superiorly) and the ___ triangle (inferiorly)

A
  • Inferior
  • Occipital
  • Omoclavicular/Subclavian
31
Q

Contents of the Occipital Triangle

A
  • Occipital A
  • Spinal Accessory N (CN XI)
32
Q

Boundaries of the Occipital Triangle

A

-Anterior: Posterior border SCM
- Posterior: Anterior border trapezius
- Inferior: Superior border of inferior belly of omohyoid

33
Q

Contents of the Omoclavicular (Subclavian) Triangle

A
  • Subclavian A
34
Q

Boundaries of the Omoclavicular Triangle

A
  • Anterior: Posterior border SCM
  • Superior: Superior border inferior belly omohyoid
  • Inferior: Clavicle
35
Q

Contents of Posterior Triangle

A
  • Levator Scapulae
  • Anterior, Middle, and Posterior Scalene
  • Inferior Belly of the Omohyoid
  • Splenius Capitus
36
Q

What vein crosses superficially to omoclavicular triangle?

A

Inferior part of external jugular vein

37
Q

Borders of Anterior Triangle

A
  • Anterior Border: Median line of neck
  • Posterior Border: Anterior border of SCM
  • Superior Border: Inferior border of Mandible
38
Q

What are the 4 triangles within the Anterior Triangle?

A
  • Submandibular
  • Submental
  • Carotid
  • Muscular
39
Q

Anterior Triangle: Muscular Triangle Borders

A
  • Superolateral Border: Superior belly of Omohyoid
  • Inferolateral Border: Anterior border SCM
  • Medial Border: Median plane of neck
40
Q

Anterior Triangle: Muscular Triangle Contents

A
  • Infrahyoid muscles (Sternohyoid, Omohyoid, Sternothyroid, Thyrohyoid)
  • Thyroid gland
  • Parathyroid glands
41
Q

Anterior Triangle: Submandibular Triangle Borders

A
  • Superior Border; Inferior border of mandible
  • Anteroinferior Border: Anterior belly of digastric
  • Posteroinferior Border: Posterior belly digastric
  • Floor: Mylohoid and Hypoglossus muscles
42
Q

Anterior Triangle: Submandibular Triangle Contents

A
  • Submandibular gland
  • Facial A and V
  • Stylohyoid
  • Hypoglossal N
  • Lymph nodes
43
Q

Anterior Triangle: Submental Triangle Borders

A
  • Right and Left Borders: Anterior bellies of R and L digastrics
  • Inferior Border: Hyoid
  • Floor: Mylohyoid
44
Q

Anterior Triangle: Submental Triangle Contents

A

Submental Lymph Nodes

45
Q

Anterior Triangle: Carotid Triangle Borders

A
  • Inferomedial Border: Superior Belly Omohyoid
  • Inferolateral Border: Anterior border SCM
  • Superior Border: Posterior belly digastric
46
Q

Anterior Triangle: Carotid Triangle Contents

A
  • Internal & External Carotid Arteries
  • Branches of Carotid Arteries
  • Hypoglossal N
  • Vagus N branches
47
Q

What muscles divide the Anterior Triangle?

A
  • Digastric muscles
  • Omohyoid muscles
48
Q

What is the one unpaired triangle in the Anterior Triangle of the neck?

A

Submental Triangle

49
Q

7 Muscles found in the Anterior Triangle

A
  • Stylohyoid
  • Mylohyoid
  • Digastric (both bellies)
  • Thyrohyoid
  • Sternothyroid
  • Sternohyoid
  • Omohyoid (both bellies)
50
Q

What separates the Superior and Inferior bellies of the Omohyoid?

A

FAscial sling attached to the clavicle through which muscle passes

51
Q

What are the 2 deep Infrahyoid muscles?

A
  • Sternothyroid
  • Thyrohyoid
52
Q

What connects the Anterior and Posterior bellies of the Digastric?

A
  • Intermediate tendon that descends towards hyoid
  • Fibrous sling from pretracheal fascia allows tendon to slide anteriorly/posteriorly
53
Q

What are the 3 parts of the Longus Colli Muscle

A
  • Inferior Oblique
  • Superior Oblique
  • Vertical
54
Q

Which muscle separates the Submandibular Gland into superficial and deep parts?

A

Mylohyoid

55
Q

Where is the Submandibular Gland located?

A

Beneath the lower border of the Mandible

NE Exam 1 (14 decks)

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