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NE Exam 1 > Head Angiology > Flashcards

Head Angiology Flashcards

1
Q

Scalp Arteries

A
  • Occipital A (from External Carotid A)
  • Posterior Auricular A (from External Carotid A)
  • Superficial Temporal A (from External Carotid A)
  • Supraorbital A (from Ophthalmic A)
  • Supratrochlear A (from Ophthalmic A)
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2
Q

Two main arteries that supply the head:

A

(1) Internal Carotid A
(2) External Carotid A

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3
Q

Superficial vasculature of face and scalp is primarily supplied by:

A

External Carotid A

*** EXCEPTIONS: Supra-orbital and Supratrochlear from Internal Carotid A

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4
Q

5 Main Superficial Arteries of the External Carotid Artery in the Head

A

(1) Facial
(2) Occipital
(3) Posterior Auricular
(4) Superficial Temporal
(5) Mental

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5
Q

What are the 4 branches of the Facial A?

A

(1) Inferior Labial
(2) Superior Labial
(3) Lateral Nasal
(4) Angular (Terminal branch!)

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6
Q

What is the terminal branch of the Facial A?

A

Angular A

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7
Q

Facial Artery
Origin:
Course:
Distribution:

A

Origin: External Carotid A
Course: Ascends deep to the submandibular gland, winds around inferior border of mandible and enters face
Distribution: Muscles of facial expression and face

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8
Q

Inferior Labial Artery
Origin:
Course:
Distribution:

A

Origin: Facial A near angle of mouth
Course: Runs medially in lower lip
Distribution: Lower lip

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9
Q

Superior Labial Artery
Origin:
Course:
Distribution:

A

Origin: Facial A near angle of mouth
Course: Runs medially in upper lip
Distribution: Upper lip and ala (side) and septum of nose

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10
Q

Lateral Nasal Artery
Origin:
Course:
Distribution:

A

Origin: Facial A as it ascends alongside nose
Course: Passes to ala of nose
Distribution: Skin on ala and dorsum of nose

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11
Q

Angular Artery
Origin:
Course:
Distribution:

A

Origin: Terminal branch of Facial A
Course: Passes to medial angle of eye
Distribution: Superior part of cheek and inferior eyelid

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12
Q

Occipital Artery
Origin:
Course:
Distribution:

A

Origin: External Carotid A
Course: Passes medial to Posterior Belly of Digastric and Mastoid Process, accompanies Occipital N in occipital region
Distribution: Scalp of back of head

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13
Q

Posterior Auricular Artery
Origin:
Course:
Distribution:

A

Origin: External Carotid A
Course: Passes posteriorly deep to the parotid gland along the styloid process between mastoid process and ear
Distribution: Auricle of ear and scalp posterior to auricle

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14
Q

Superficial Temporal Artery
Origin:
Course:

A

Origin: Smaller terminal branch of external carotid artery
Course: Ascends anterior to ear to region and ends in scalp
Distribution: Facial muscles, skin of temporal and frontal regions

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15
Q

What are the two branches of the Superficial Temporal Artery?

A
  • Frontal Branches
  • Parietal Branches
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16
Q

Transverse Facial Artery
Origin:
Course:
Distribution:

A

Origin: Superficial Temporal A within Parotid Gland
Course: Crosses face superficial to Masseter and inferior to Zygomatic Arch
Distribution: Parotid gland and duct, muscles and skin of face

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17
Q

Mental Artery
Origin:
Course:
Distribution:

A

Origin: Terminal branch of Inferior Alveolar A
Course: Emerges from mental foramen and passes to chin
Distribution: Facial muscles and skin of chin

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18
Q

Supra-Orbital Artery
Origin:
Course:
Distribution:

A

Origin: Terminal branch of Opthalmic A
Course: Passes superiorly from supra-orbital foramen
Distribution: Muscles and skin of forehead, scalp, and superior conjuctiva

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19
Q

Supratrochlear Artery
Origin:
Course:
Distribution:

A

Origin: Terminal branch of Opthalmic A
Course: Passes superiorly from supratrochlear notch
Distribution: Muscles and skin of forehead, scalp, and superior conjuctiva

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20
Q

What are the 13 branches of the Maxillary Artery?

A

(1) Inferior Alveolar*
(2) Anterior Tympanic
(3) Deep Auricular
(4) Middle Meningeal*
(5) Massenteric
(6) Anterior Deep Temporal*
(6) Posterior Deep Temporal*
(7) Pterygoid Branches
(8) Buccal*
(9) Descending Palatine (Greater and Lesser Branches)*
(10) Posterior Superior Alveolar*
(11) Infraorbital*
(12) Artery of Pterygoid Canal
(13) Sphenopalatine*

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21
Q

What are the 3 main parts of the Maxillary Artery?

A
  • Mandibular
  • Pterygoid
  • Pterygopalatine
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22
Q

Facial Artery

A
  • Major arterial supply to the face
  • Runs under and then crosses the mandible
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23
Q

Superficial Temporal Artery

A
  • Smaller terminal branch of external carotid
  • Emerges onto the face between the TMJ and ear
  • Divides into frontal and parietal branches
  • Supplies facial muscles, and skin of temporal and frontal regions
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24
Q

Occipital Artery

A
  • Most posterior branch of External Carotid A
  • Supplies scalp of the posterior head
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25
Q

Posterior Auricular Artery

A
  • Branch of External Carotid A
  • Supplies auricle of ear and scalp posterior to the auricle
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26
Q

What artery is the main supplier of the meninges (especially the dura) and overlying calvaria?

A

Middle Meningeal Artery

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27
Q

Inferior Alveolar Artery

A
  • Branch of Maxillary A
  • Supplies mandible, teeth and gingiva
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28
Q

Anterior Tympanic Artery

A
  • Branch of Maxillary A
  • Supplies Tympanic Cavity
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29
Q

Deep Auricular Artery

A
  • Branch of Maxillary A
  • Supplies TMJ and External Auditory Canal
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30
Q

Massenteric Artery

A
  • Branch of Maxillary A
  • Supplies Masseter muscle
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31
Q

Deep Temporal Arteries

A
  • Branch of Maxillary A
  • Supplies Temporalis muscle
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32
Q

Pterygoid Branches of Maxillary Artery

A

Supplies Pterygoid muscles

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33
Q

Buccal Artery

A
  • Branch of Maxillary A
  • Supplies buccal mucosa
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34
Q

What are the two branches off of the Descending Palatine Artery?

A

(1) Greater Palatine A
(2) Lesser Palatine A

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35
Q

Greater Palatine Artery

A

Supplies hard palate

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36
Q

Lesser Palatine Artery

A

Supplies soft palate, palatine tonsil, and pharyngeal wall

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37
Q

Posterior Superior Alveolar Artery

A
  • Branch of Maxillary A
  • Supplies maxillary molars, maxillary sinus and gingiva
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38
Q

Infraorbital Artery

A
  • Branch of Maxillary A
  • Supplies Maxillary Alveoli
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39
Q

What are the two branches of the Sphenopalatine Artery?

A

(1) Lateral Posterior Nasal Arteries
(2) Posterior Septal Branches

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40
Q

Lateral Posterior Nasal Artery

A
  • Branch of Sphenopalatine A off of Maxillary A
  • Supplies lateral wall of nasal cavity and choanae
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41
Q

Posterior Septal Branches of Sphenopalatine Artery

A

Supplies nasal septum

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42
Q

Arteries of the Orbit

A

(1) Ophthalmic
(2) Central Retinal
(3) Supra-orbital
(4) Supratrochlear
(5) Lacrimal
(6) Dorsal Nasal
(7) Short Posterior Ciliaries
(8) Long Posterior Ciliaries
(9) Posterior Ethmoidal
(10) Anterior Ethmoidal
(11) Anterior Ciliary
(12) Infra-orbital

43
Q

Ophthalmic Artery

A
  • Branches from Internal Carotid Artery
  • Traverses optic foramen to reach orbital cavity
44
Q

Central Retinal Artery

A
  • Branch off Ophthalmic A
  • Pierces dural sheath of optic nerve and runs to eyeball
  • Branches from center of optic disc
  • Supplies optic retina
45
Q

Supra-Orbital Artery

A
  • Branch off Ophthalmic A
  • Passes superiorly and posteriorly from supra-orbital foramen to supply forehead and scalp
46
Q

Supratrochlear Artery

A
  • Branch off Ophthalmic A
  • Passes from supra-orbital margin to forehead and scalp
47
Q

Lacrimal Artery

A
  • Branch off Ophthalmic A
  • Passes superior border of lateral rectus muscle to supply Lacrimal Gland, Conjuctiva and eyelids
48
Q

Dorsal Nasal Artery

A
  • Branch off Ophthalmic A
  • Course along dorsal nose and supplies surface
49
Q

Short Posterior Ciliary Artery

A
  • Branch off Ophthalmic A
  • Pierces sclera at periphery optic nerve to supply choroid -> supplies cones and rods of retina
50
Q

Long Posterior Ciliary Artery

A
  • Branch off Ophthalmic A
  • Pierce sclera to supply ciliary body and iris
51
Q

Posterior Ethmoidal Artery

A
  • Branch off Ophthalmic A
  • Passes through Posterior Ethmoidal Foramen to Posterior Ethmoidal Cells
52
Q

Anterior Ethmoidal Artery

A
  • Branch off Ophthalmic A
  • Passes through Anterior Ethmoidal Foramen to anterior cranial fossa
  • Supplies anterior and middle ethmoidal cells, frontal sinus, nasal cavity, and skin on dorsum of nose
53
Q

Anterior Ciliary Artery

A
  • Origin: muscular branches of ophthalmic and infra-orbital arteries
  • Pierces sclera at attachments of rectus muscles and form networks in iris and ciliary body
54
Q

Infra-Orbital Artery

A
  • From 3rd part of Maxillary A
  • Passes along infra-orbital groove and foramen to face
55
Q

Venous drainage of the orbit is through the __ and ___ ___ veins

A

Superior and Inferior Ophthalmic Veins

56
Q

What do the Superior and Inferior Ophthalmic Veins drain into?

A

Cavernous Sinus

57
Q

Superior and Inferior Ophthalmic Veins

A
  • Do not have valves
  • Drain into the Cavernous Sinus (venous complex that surrounds pituitary gland)
58
Q

What CN run through the Cavernous Sinus?

A
  • CN III (Oculomotor)
  • CN IV (Trochlear)
  • CN VI (Abducent)
  • CN V1 (Ophthalmic)
  • CN V2 (Maxillary)
59
Q

Cavernous Sinus

A
  • Large venous plexus located on each side of the Sella Turcica on the upper surface of the body of the Sphenoid, which contains the sphenoidal (air) sinus
  • Consists of a venous plexus of extremely thin-walled veins that extend from the superior orbital fissure anteriorly to the apex of the petrous part of the temporal bone posteriorly
60
Q

What veins/sinuses does the Cavernous Sinus receive blood from?

A
  • Superior Ophthalmic V
  • Inferior Ophthalmic V
  • Superficial Middle Cerebral V
  • Sphenoparietal Sinus
61
Q

___ Vein empties into the Internal Jugular V but does have other anastomoses too.

A

Facial

62
Q

___ __ veins join the ___ vein to form the Retromandibular V

A
  • Superficial Temporal
  • Maxillary
63
Q

___ vein joints the ___ ___ vein to make the External Jugular vein

A
  • Retromandibular
  • Posterior Auricular
64
Q

What veins anastomose with intracranial veins?

A
  • Supratrochlear
  • Supraorbital
  • Angular (off Facial V)
65
Q

___ veins are veins that connect the dural venous sinuses with veins outside the cranium

A

Emissary

66
Q

What veins can facilitate the spread of exterior infections into the cranium?

A

Emissary Veins

67
Q

What are the three membranous connective tissue layers that make-up meninges?

A

(1) Dura Mater: tough, thick external fibrous layer
(2) Arachnoid Mater: thin intermediate layer
(3) Pia Mater: delicate internal vascular layer

68
Q

What space does CSF circulate in?

A

Subarachnoid Space

69
Q

Internal Meningeal Layer of Dura Mater

A

Supporting layer that reflects away from the external periosteal layer of dura to form dural infoldings (reflections)

70
Q

Function of Dural Infoldings

A
  • Divide the cranial cavity into compartments, forming partial partitions (dural septa) between certain parts of the brain
  • Provide support for other parts of the brain
71
Q

What are the 4 main Dural Infoldings?

A

(1) Falx Cerebri
(2) Falx Cerebelli
(3) Tentorium Cerebelli
(4) Diaphragma Sellae (Sellar Diaphragm)

72
Q

Falx Cerebrii

A
  • Separates the two cerebral hemispheres
  • the dural infolding in the sagittal plane
73
Q

Tentorium Cerebelli

A

Separates Cerebellum from the Cerebrum

74
Q

Falx Cerebelli

A
  • Separates the hemispheres of the Cerebellum
75
Q

Diaphragma Sellae

A
  • Anchor point in the base of the skull
  • Lines the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone
76
Q

Arteries of the Lip

A

Superior and Inferior Labial Arteries (branches of the facial arteries) anastomose with each other in the lips to form an arterial ring around the lips

77
Q

Arteries of the Teeth

A

Superior and Inferior Alveolar Arteries (branches of the Maxillary A) supply the Maxillary and Mandibular teeth

78
Q

Which artery supplies the Maxillary teeth?

A

Superior Alveolar A

79
Q

Which artery supplies the Mandibular teeth?

A

Inferior Alveolar A

80
Q

What artery is the main supplier of the hard palate?

A

Greater Palatine A (branch of Descending Palatine A)

81
Q

Lesser Palatine Artery

A
  • Smaller branch of the Descending Palatine A that also supplies the palate
  • Enters the palate through the lesser palatine foramen and anastomoses with the Ascending Palatine A (branch of Facial A)
82
Q

Arteries of the Tongue are derived from the ___ Artery which arises from the ___ ___ A

A
  • Lingual
  • External Carotid
83
Q

What artery is the main supplier of the soft palate?

A

Lesser Palatine A (off Descending Palatine A; anastomoses with Ascending Palatine A)

84
Q

Lingual Artery passes deep to the ___ muscle to enter the tongue

A

Hypoglossus

85
Q

What arteries supply the root of the tongue?

A

Dorsal Lingual Arteries

86
Q

Lingual Septum

A
  • Continuation of lingual aponeurosis through center of tongue
  • Prevents communication of dorsal lingual arteries
87
Q

Deep Lingual Arteries

A
  • Supply body of the tongue
  • Communicate near apex of the tongue
88
Q

What are the main veins of the tongue?

A

Dorsal Lingual Veins

89
Q

Deep Lingual Veins

A
  • Begin at apex of tongue
  • Run posteriorly beside lingual frenulum to join sublingual vein
90
Q

The sublingual veins in elderly people are often ___

A

Varicose (enlarged and tortuous)

91
Q

Drainage of the Veins in the Tongue

A

Some or all of the veins may drain into the Internal Jugular Vein, or they may do so indirectly, joining first to form a lingual vein that accompanies the initial part of the lingual artery

92
Q

Most of the lymphatic drainage of the tongue converges toward and follows the ___ drainage

A

venous

93
Q

Lymph from the Apex of the Tongue drains into:

A

Submental Lymph Nodes

94
Q

Lymph from the Lateral Tongue drains into:

A

Submandibular Lymph Nodes

95
Q

Lymph from the Frenulum of the tongue drains into:

A

Superior Deep Cervical Lymph Nodes

96
Q

Lymph from the Central Tongue drains into:

A

Inferior Deep Cervical Lymph Nodes

97
Q

Arterial Supply of the Medial and Lateral Walls of the Nasal Cavity

A

(1) Anterior Ethmoidal A
(2) Posterior Ethmoidal A
(3) Sphenopalatine A
(4) Greater Palatine A
(5) Septal branch of Superior Labial A

98
Q

Venous blood from the external nose drains mostly into the __ vein via the ___ and ___ nasal veins

A
  • Facial
  • Angular and Lateral
99
Q

Submucosal Venous Plexus

A
  • Located deep to the nasal mucosa
  • Venous drainage of nose via sphenopalatine, facial and ophthalmic veins
100
Q

Why is the submucosal venous plexus important?

A

Important part of the body’s thermoregulatory system (exchanges heat and warming air before it enters the lungs)

101
Q

Kiesselbach Area

A
  • Front of the nasal septum containing a rich supply of blood vessels
  • Common site of bleeding
102
Q

Maxillary Artery, a terminal branch of the External Carotid Artery, passes anteriorly through the ____ ___

A

Infratemporal Fossa

103
Q

Pterygopalatine Part of Maxillary Artery

A
  • Third part of the Maxillary A (last part before it gives off its terminal branches)
  • Passes medially through the Pterygomaxillary Fissure and enters the Pterygopalatine Fossa
  • Lies anterior to the Pterygopalatine Gnaglion and gives rise to branches that accompany all nerves entering and exiting the fossa, sharing the same names with many

NE Exam 1 (14 decks)

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