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NE Exam 1 > Head Osteology & Chondrology > Flashcards

Head Osteology & Chondrology Flashcards

1
Q

Neurocranium

A
  • Cranial Bones
  • 8 bones that have direct contact with the brain
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2
Q

Viscerocranium

A
  • Facial Bones
  • 15 bones that do not have any contact with the brain
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3
Q

Calvaria

A

Skullcap

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4
Q

Basicranium

A

Floor or cranial base

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5
Q

What are the 8 bones of the Neurocranium?

A
  • Frontal
  • Ethmoid
  • Sphenoid
  • Occipital
  • Temporal (x2)
  • Parietal (x2)
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6
Q

Sutures

A
  • Immovable joints between skull bones
  • 4 main sutures of the head: Coronal, Lambdoid, Sagittal, Squamous
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7
Q

Coronal Suture

A

Located between frontal bone and parietal bones

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8
Q

Lambdoid Suture

A

Located between occipital bone and parietal bones

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9
Q

Sagittal Suture

A

Located between the parietal boens

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10
Q

Squamous Suture

A

Located between temporal and parietal bones

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11
Q

Fossa

A

Depression found in a bone

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12
Q

What structures are located in the Anterior Cranial Fossa?

A
  • Inferior and anterior parts of the frontal lobe of the brain
  • Roof of orbits
  • Foramen Cecum
  • Crista Galli
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13
Q

Sella Turcia

A
  • “Turkish saddle”
  • Saddle-like bony formation on the upper surface of the body of the Sphenoid
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14
Q

What is housed in the Sella Turcia?

A

Pituitary Gland

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15
Q

What structures are located in the Middle Cranial Fossa?

A
  • Superior Orbital fissure
  • Foramen Rotundum
  • Foramen Ovale
  • Foramen Spinosum
  • Foramen Lacerum
  • Groove for the Greater and Lesser Petrosal N
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16
Q

What structures are located in the Posterior Cranial Fossa?

A
  • Cerebellar Fossae
  • Foramen Magnum
  • Internal Acoustic Meatus
  • Hypoglossal Canal
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17
Q

What passes through the Cribiform Foramina?

A
  • Nerves: CN I (Olfactory)
  • Vasculature: Anterior and Posterior Ethmoidal As
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18
Q

What passes through the Optic Canal?

A
  • Nerves: CN II (Optic)
  • Vasculature: Ophthalmic A
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19
Q

What passes through the Superior Orbital Fissure?

A
  • Nerves: CN III (Oculomotor), CN IV (Trochlear), Nasociliary N + Frontal N + Lacrimal N (CN V1 - Ophthalmic Division of Trigeminal), CN VI (Abducent)
  • Vasculature: Superior Ophthalmic V
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20
Q

What passes through the Foramen Rotundum?

A
  • Nerves: CN V2 (Maxillary Division of Trigeminal)
  • Vasculature: —-
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21
Q

What passes through the Foramen Ovale?

A
  • Nerves: CN V3 (Mandibular Division of Trigeminal), Lesser Petrosal
  • Vasculature: Accessory Meningeal A
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22
Q

What passes through the Internal Acoustic Meatus?

A
  • Nerves: CN VII (Facial), CN VIII (Vestibulocochlear)
  • Vasculature: Labarynthine A
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23
Q

What passes through the Jugular Foramen?

A
  • Nerves: CN IX (Glossopharyngeal), CN X (Vagus), CN XI (Spinal Accessory; exits here)
  • Vasculature: Internal Jugular V, Inferior Petrosal and Sigmoid Sinuses
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24
Q

What passes through the Foramen Magnum?

A
  • Nerves: meninges, CN XI (Spinal Accessory; enters here), medulla oblongata
  • Vasculature: Vertebral A, Anterior Spinal A, Posterior Spinal As, Dural V
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25
What passes through the Carotid Canal?
- Nerves: Internal Carotid Sympathetic Plexus - Vasculature: Internal Carotid A, Inernal Carotid Venous Plexus
26
What passes through the Foramen Spinosum?
- Nerves: Meningeal Branch of the Mandibular N (V3, Trigeminal) - Vasculature: Middle Meningeal A & V
27
What passes through the Hiatus of the Canal for the Lesser Petrosal N?
- Nerves: Lesser Petrosal N - Vasculature: ---
28
What passes through the Hiatus of the Canal for the Greater Petrosal N?
- Nerves: Greater Petrosal N - Vasculature: Petrosal branch of Middle Meningeal A
29
What passes through the Hypoglossal Canal?
- Nerves: CN XII (Hypoglossal) - Vasculature: ---
30
What are the two exit points in the skull of the Facial N (CN VII)?
- Internal Acoustic Meatus - Stylomastoid Foramen
31
What passes through the Lesser Palatine Foramina?
- Nerves: Lesser Palatine - Vasculature: Lesser Palatine A & V
32
What passes through the Greater Palatine Foramina?
- Nerves: Greater Palatine - Vasculature: Grater Palatine A & V
33
What passes through the Stylomastoid Foramen?
- Nerves: CN VII (Facial) - Vasculature: ---
34
What passes through the Petrotympanic Fissure?
- Nerves: Chorda Tympani - Vasculature: Anterior Tympanic A
35
What passes through the Supraorbital Foramen?
- Nerves: Supraorbital N - Vasculature: Supraorbital A & V
36
What passes through the Infraorbital Foramen?
- Nerves: Infraorbital N - Vasculature: Infraorbital A & V
37
What passes through the Mental Foramen?
- Nerves: Mental N (Terminal branch of inferior alveolar N which is branch of Mandibular N - CN V3) - Vasculature: ---
38
What passes through the Inferior Orbital Fissure?
- Nerves: Zygomatic N, Infraorbital N - Vasculature: Infraorbital A, Inferior Ophthalmic V
39
What passes through the Mandibular Foramen?
- Nerves: Inferior Alveolar - Vasculature: Inferior Alveolar A & V
40
Contents of Condylar Canal
Emissary V that passes from sigmoid sinus to vertebral veins in neck
41
Contents of Foramen Cecum
Nasal emissary vein (in a small percentage of population postpartum)
42
Contents of Anterior Ethmoidal Foramina
- Nerves: Anterior Ethmoidal - Vasculature: Anterior Ethmoidal A & V
43
Contents of Posterior Ethmoidal Foramina
- Nerves: Posterior Ethmoidal - Vasculature: Posterior Ethmoidal A & V
44
Contents of Foramen Lacerum
Deep Petrosal N and some Meningeal arterial branches and small veins
45
Contents of Condylar Canal
Emissary vein that passes from sigmoid sinus to vertebral veins in neck
46
Contents of Mastoid Foramen
Mastoid emissary vein from sigmoid sinus and meningeal branch of occipital A
47
Bones of the Viscerocranium
- Mandible - Ethmoid - Vomer - Maxillae (x2) - Inferior Nasal Conchae (x2) - Zygomatic (x2) - Palatine (x2) - Nasal (x2) - Lacrimal (x2)
48
What two nasal concha are projections of the Ethmoid Bone?
- Superior - Middle
49
What nasal concha is a separate bone from the Ethmoid Bone?
Inferior Nasal Concha
50
Palatine Bones
Form the posterior 1/3rd of the hard plate
51
Maxillary Bones
- Form the upper jaw - Form anterior 2/3rds of the hard plate
52
___ + ___ = Hard Plate
Palatine + Maxillary
53
Vomer
Forms lower half of nasal septum
54
___ + ___ = Nasal Septum
Vomer + Perpendicular Plate of Ethmoid Bone
55
Bones of the Anterior Cranium
- Frontal - Zygomatic - Bones of Orbit - Bones of Nasal region - Maxilla - Mandible
56
Sutures of the Anterior Cranium
- Frontal - fetal cranium - Metopic - only present it frontal suture persists into adulthood
57
What suture is typically only associated with neonates?
Metopic Suture
58
List of Orbital Bones
- Frontal - Zygomatic - Maxilla - Ethmoid - Nasal - Lacrimal
59
What 3 bones make up the outside portion of the orbit?
- Frontal - Zygomatic - Maxilla
60
The ___ Canal transmits the Nasolacrimal Duct
Nasolacrimal
61
Pterion
- Clinically significant point of bone junctions - H-shaped junction of frontal, parietal, sphenoid (greater wing) and temporal bones - Middle Meningeal A passes here
62
Nasal cavities have:
- Roof - Floor - Medial Wall - Lateral Wall
63
Roof of the Nasal Cavity
Curved and narrow except at its posterior end where the hollow body of the Sphenoid forms the roof
64
Floor of the Nasal Cavity
- Wider than the roof - Formed by the Palatine Processes of the Maxilla and the Horizontal Plates of the Palatine bone
65
Medial Wall of Nasal Cavity
Formed by the nasal septum
66
Lateral Wall of Nasal Cavity
- Irregular - Have three bony plates called the Nasal Conchae which project inferiorly
67
Nasal Meatus
Where air physically passes through the nasal cavity; drainage points
68
Nasal Conchae
- Superior, Middle and Inferior - Curve inferomedially, hanging like short curtains - Offer a vast surface area for heat exchange - Inferior is only one that is an independent bone - Separated by Vomer
69
Paranasal Sinuses
- Air-filled extensions of the respiratory part of the nasal cavity into the frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid, and maxilla bones
70
Frontal Sinus
Drains into middle nasal meatus
71
Ethmoidal Sinus
Drains into either middle or superior nasal meatus
72
Sphenoidal Sinus
- Highly pneumatized - Drains into Superior Meatus
73
Maxillary Sinus
- Largest paranasal sinus - Drains into Middle Nasal Meatus
74
Superior Nuchal Line
- Located on Occipital Bone - Marks the superior limit of the neck - Extends laterally from each side of the External Protuberances
75
Superior Cranium
- Formed by frontal, parietals, and occipital bones - Coronal, sagittal and lambdoid sutures - Landmarks: Bregma, Vertex, Emissary Foramina
76
Bregma
Craniometric landmark formed by the intersection of the sagittal and coronal sutures
77
Vertex
- Most superior point of the calvaria - Near the midpoint of the sagittal curve
78
Emissary Foramina
Transmit Emissary Veins connecting scalp veins to the venous sinuses of the Dura Mater (drain right into CNS -- very dangerous for infections!)
79
Alveolar Arch of the Maxillae
- Part of the exterior base of skull - The free border of the alveolar processes surrounding and supporting the maxillary teeth
80
What is the Hard Palate formed by?
Palatal Processes of the Maxilla anteriorly and the Horizontal Plates of the Palatine bones posteriorly
81
Choanae
- Posterior nasal apertures - Allows you to breathe with your mouth closed - Separated from each other by the Vomer
82
Mandibular Fossa
- Depressions in the Squamous part of the Temporal bone - Accommodate the mandibular condyles when the mouth is closed
83
Glabella
Smooth area between the eyes
84
Nasion
Midpoint between the eyes, just below the eyebrows
85
External Acoustic Meatus Opening
Passageway that leads from the outside of the head to the tympanic membrane
86
Zygomatic Arch
Composed of Temporal Process of Zygomatic bone and Zygomatic Process of Temporal bone
87
Occiput
Most posterior portion of the cranium
88
Fontanelles
Areas of dense regular connective tissue that connect infant cranial bones
89
What are the 4 main Fontanelles?
(1) Mastoid (2) Sphenoid (3) Posterior (4) Anterior
90
Mastoid Fontanelle
Junction of squamous and lambdoid sutures in infants
91
Sphenoidal Fontanelle
Junction of squamous and coronal sutures in infants
92
Posterior Fontanelle
- Junction between the two parietal bones and the occipital bone in infants - Smaller and triangular shaped - Future site of lambda
93
Anterior Fontanelle
- Junction between the two frontal bones and two parietal bones in infants - Larger and diamond shaped - Future site of Bregma
94
Arachnoid Granulations of Parietal Bone
Extensions of the arachnoid mater that allow excess CSF to be absorbed by the dural sinuses
95
Auditory Ossicles
- Three small bones linked together that connect the eardrum to the inner ear - Malleus, Incus, Stapes
96
Pterygoid Process of Sphenoid Bone
Landmark on the sphenoid bone for the attachment of many muscles of mastication
97
Pterygoid Hamulus
A hook-like end of the medial Pterygoid Plate that serves as a site for muscle attachment
98
Ethmoid Air Cells
Cribiform plate of ethmoid bone
99
Perpendicular Plate of Ethmoid Bone
Superior portion of the bony nasal septum
100
Ala of Vomer
Marks the midline terminating point of the nasal cavities
101
Lingula of Mandible
Spinous process protecting the mandibular foramen and the nerve
102
Lambda
Meeting point of sagittal and lambdoid sutures
103
Asterior
Meeting point of parietal, occipital and temporal bones
104
Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ)
Joint between the temporal bone and the mandible
105
Falx Cerebri
Separates the two cerebral hemispheres
106
Falx Cerebelli
Separates the two hemispheres of the cerebellum
107
Cerebelli Tentorium
Separates cerebellum from occipital lobe

NE Exam 1 (14 decks)

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