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NE Exam 1 > Head Osteology & Chondrology > Flashcards

Head Osteology & Chondrology Flashcards

1
Q

Neurocranium

A
  • Cranial Bones
  • 8 bones that have direct contact with the brain
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2
Q

Viscerocranium

A
  • Facial Bones
  • 15 bones that do not have any contact with the brain
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3
Q

Calvaria

A

Skullcap

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4
Q

Basicranium

A

Floor or cranial base

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5
Q

What are the 8 bones of the Neurocranium?

A
  • Frontal
  • Ethmoid
  • Sphenoid
  • Occipital
  • Temporal (x2)
  • Parietal (x2)
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6
Q

Sutures

A
  • Immovable joints between skull bones
  • 4 main sutures of the head: Coronal, Lambdoid, Sagittal, Squamous
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7
Q

Coronal Suture

A

Located between frontal bone and parietal bones

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8
Q

Lambdoid Suture

A

Located between occipital bone and parietal bones

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9
Q

Sagittal Suture

A

Located between the parietal boens

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10
Q

Squamous Suture

A

Located between temporal and parietal bones

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11
Q

Fossa

A

Depression found in a bone

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12
Q

What structures are located in the Anterior Cranial Fossa?

A
  • Inferior and anterior parts of the frontal lobe of the brain
  • Roof of orbits
  • Foramen Cecum
  • Crista Galli
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13
Q

Sella Turcia

A
  • “Turkish saddle”
  • Saddle-like bony formation on the upper surface of the body of the Sphenoid
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14
Q

What is housed in the Sella Turcia?

A

Pituitary Gland

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15
Q

What structures are located in the Middle Cranial Fossa?

A
  • Superior Orbital fissure
  • Foramen Rotundum
  • Foramen Ovale
  • Foramen Spinosum
  • Foramen Lacerum
  • Groove for the Greater and Lesser Petrosal N
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16
Q

What structures are located in the Posterior Cranial Fossa?

A
  • Cerebellar Fossae
  • Foramen Magnum
  • Internal Acoustic Meatus
  • Hypoglossal Canal
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17
Q

What passes through the Cribiform Foramina?

A
  • Nerves: CN I (Olfactory)
  • Vasculature: Anterior and Posterior Ethmoidal As
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18
Q

What passes through the Optic Canal?

A
  • Nerves: CN II (Optic)
  • Vasculature: Ophthalmic A
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19
Q

What passes through the Superior Orbital Fissure?

A
  • Nerves: CN III (Oculomotor), CN IV (Trochlear), Nasociliary N + Frontal N + Lacrimal N (CN V1 - Ophthalmic Division of Trigeminal), CN VI (Abducent)
  • Vasculature: Superior Ophthalmic V
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20
Q

What passes through the Foramen Rotundum?

A
  • Nerves: CN V2 (Maxillary Division of Trigeminal)
  • Vasculature: —-
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21
Q

What passes through the Foramen Ovale?

A
  • Nerves: CN V3 (Mandibular Division of Trigeminal), Lesser Petrosal
  • Vasculature: Accessory Meningeal A
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22
Q

What passes through the Internal Acoustic Meatus?

A
  • Nerves: CN VII (Facial), CN VIII (Vestibulocochlear)
  • Vasculature: Labarynthine A
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23
Q

What passes through the Jugular Foramen?

A
  • Nerves: CN IX (Glossopharyngeal), CN X (Vagus), CN XI (Spinal Accessory; exits here)
  • Vasculature: Internal Jugular V, Inferior Petrosal and Sigmoid Sinuses
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24
Q

What passes through the Foramen Magnum?

A
  • Nerves: meninges, CN XI (Spinal Accessory; enters here), medulla oblongata
  • Vasculature: Vertebral A, Anterior Spinal A, Posterior Spinal As, Dural V
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25
Q

What passes through the Carotid Canal?

A
  • Nerves: Internal Carotid Sympathetic Plexus
  • Vasculature: Internal Carotid A, Inernal Carotid Venous Plexus
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26
Q

What passes through the Foramen Spinosum?

A
  • Nerves: Meningeal Branch of the Mandibular N (V3, Trigeminal)
  • Vasculature: Middle Meningeal A & V
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27
Q

What passes through the Hiatus of the Canal for the Lesser Petrosal N?

A
  • Nerves: Lesser Petrosal N
  • Vasculature: —
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28
Q

What passes through the Hiatus of the Canal for the Greater Petrosal N?

A
  • Nerves: Greater Petrosal N
  • Vasculature: Petrosal branch of Middle Meningeal A
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29
Q

What passes through the Hypoglossal Canal?

A
  • Nerves: CN XII (Hypoglossal)
  • Vasculature: —
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30
Q

What are the two exit points in the skull of the Facial N (CN VII)?

A
  • Internal Acoustic Meatus
  • Stylomastoid Foramen
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31
Q

What passes through the Lesser Palatine Foramina?

A
  • Nerves: Lesser Palatine
  • Vasculature: Lesser Palatine A & V
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32
Q

What passes through the Greater Palatine Foramina?

A
  • Nerves: Greater Palatine
  • Vasculature: Grater Palatine A & V
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33
Q

What passes through the Stylomastoid Foramen?

A
  • Nerves: CN VII (Facial)
  • Vasculature: —
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34
Q

What passes through the Petrotympanic Fissure?

A
  • Nerves: Chorda Tympani
  • Vasculature: Anterior Tympanic A
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35
Q

What passes through the Supraorbital Foramen?

A
  • Nerves: Supraorbital N
  • Vasculature: Supraorbital A & V
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36
Q

What passes through the Infraorbital Foramen?

A
  • Nerves: Infraorbital N
  • Vasculature: Infraorbital A & V
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37
Q

What passes through the Mental Foramen?

A
  • Nerves: Mental N (Terminal branch of inferior alveolar N which is branch of Mandibular N - CN V3)
  • Vasculature: —
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38
Q

What passes through the Inferior Orbital Fissure?

A
  • Nerves: Zygomatic N, Infraorbital N
  • Vasculature: Infraorbital A, Inferior Ophthalmic V
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39
Q

What passes through the Mandibular Foramen?

A
  • Nerves: Inferior Alveolar
  • Vasculature: Inferior Alveolar A & V
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40
Q

Contents of Condylar Canal

A

Emissary V that passes from sigmoid sinus to vertebral veins in neck

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41
Q

Contents of Foramen Cecum

A

Nasal emissary vein (in a small percentage of population postpartum)

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42
Q

Contents of Anterior Ethmoidal Foramina

A
  • Nerves: Anterior Ethmoidal
  • Vasculature: Anterior Ethmoidal A & V
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43
Q

Contents of Posterior Ethmoidal Foramina

A
  • Nerves: Posterior Ethmoidal
  • Vasculature: Posterior Ethmoidal A & V
44
Q

Contents of Foramen Lacerum

A

Deep Petrosal N and some Meningeal arterial branches and small veins

45
Q

Contents of Condylar Canal

A

Emissary vein that passes from sigmoid sinus to vertebral veins in neck

46
Q

Contents of Mastoid Foramen

A

Mastoid emissary vein from sigmoid sinus and meningeal branch of occipital A

47
Q

Bones of the Viscerocranium

A
  • Mandible
  • Ethmoid
  • Vomer
  • Maxillae (x2)
  • Inferior Nasal Conchae (x2)
  • Zygomatic (x2)
  • Palatine (x2)
  • Nasal (x2)
  • Lacrimal (x2)
48
Q

What two nasal concha are projections of the Ethmoid Bone?

A
  • Superior
  • Middle
49
Q

What nasal concha is a separate bone from the Ethmoid Bone?

A

Inferior Nasal Concha

50
Q

Palatine Bones

A

Form the posterior 1/3rd of the hard plate

51
Q

Maxillary Bones

A
  • Form the upper jaw
  • Form anterior 2/3rds of the hard plate
52
Q

___ + ___ = Hard Plate

A

Palatine + Maxillary

53
Q

Vomer

A

Forms lower half of nasal septum

54
Q

___ + ___ = Nasal Septum

A

Vomer + Perpendicular Plate of Ethmoid Bone

55
Q

Bones of the Anterior Cranium

A
  • Frontal
  • Zygomatic
  • Bones of Orbit
  • Bones of Nasal region
  • Maxilla
  • Mandible
56
Q

Sutures of the Anterior Cranium

A
  • Frontal - fetal cranium
  • Metopic - only present it frontal suture persists into adulthood
57
Q

What suture is typically only associated with neonates?

A

Metopic Suture

58
Q

List of Orbital Bones

A
  • Frontal
  • Zygomatic
  • Maxilla
  • Ethmoid
  • Nasal
  • Lacrimal
59
Q

What 3 bones make up the outside portion of the orbit?

A
  • Frontal
  • Zygomatic
  • Maxilla
60
Q

The ___ Canal transmits the Nasolacrimal Duct

A

Nasolacrimal

61
Q

Pterion

A
  • Clinically significant point of bone junctions
  • H-shaped junction of frontal, parietal, sphenoid (greater wing) and temporal bones
  • Middle Meningeal A passes here
62
Q

Nasal cavities have:

A
  • Roof
  • Floor
  • Medial Wall
  • Lateral Wall
63
Q

Roof of the Nasal Cavity

A

Curved and narrow except at its posterior end where the hollow body of the Sphenoid forms the roof

64
Q

Floor of the Nasal Cavity

A
  • Wider than the roof
  • Formed by the Palatine Processes of the Maxilla and the Horizontal Plates of the Palatine bone
65
Q

Medial Wall of Nasal Cavity

A

Formed by the nasal septum

66
Q

Lateral Wall of Nasal Cavity

A
  • Irregular
  • Have three bony plates called the Nasal Conchae which project inferiorly
67
Q

Nasal Meatus

A

Where air physically passes through the nasal cavity; drainage points

68
Q

Nasal Conchae

A
  • Superior, Middle and Inferior
  • Curve inferomedially, hanging like short curtains
  • Offer a vast surface area for heat exchange
  • Inferior is only one that is an independent bone
  • Separated by Vomer
69
Q

Paranasal Sinuses

A
  • Air-filled extensions of the respiratory part of the nasal cavity into the frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid, and maxilla bones
70
Q

Frontal Sinus

A

Drains into middle nasal meatus

71
Q

Ethmoidal Sinus

A

Drains into either middle or superior nasal meatus

72
Q

Sphenoidal Sinus

A
  • Highly pneumatized
  • Drains into Superior Meatus
73
Q

Maxillary Sinus

A
  • Largest paranasal sinus
  • Drains into Middle Nasal Meatus
74
Q

Superior Nuchal Line

A
  • Located on Occipital Bone
  • Marks the superior limit of the neck
  • Extends laterally from each side of the External Protuberances
75
Q

Superior Cranium

A
  • Formed by frontal, parietals, and occipital bones
  • Coronal, sagittal and lambdoid sutures
  • Landmarks: Bregma, Vertex, Emissary Foramina
76
Q

Bregma

A

Craniometric landmark formed by the intersection of the sagittal and coronal sutures

77
Q

Vertex

A
  • Most superior point of the calvaria
  • Near the midpoint of the sagittal curve
78
Q

Emissary Foramina

A

Transmit Emissary Veins connecting scalp veins to the venous sinuses of the Dura Mater (drain right into CNS – very dangerous for infections!)

79
Q

Alveolar Arch of the Maxillae

A
  • Part of the exterior base of skull
  • The free border of the alveolar processes surrounding and supporting the maxillary teeth
80
Q

What is the Hard Palate formed by?

A

Palatal Processes of the Maxilla anteriorly and the Horizontal Plates of the Palatine bones posteriorly

81
Q

Choanae

A
  • Posterior nasal apertures
  • Allows you to breathe with your mouth closed
  • Separated from each other by the Vomer
82
Q

Mandibular Fossa

A
  • Depressions in the Squamous part of the Temporal bone
  • Accommodate the mandibular condyles when the mouth is closed
83
Q

Glabella

A

Smooth area between the eyes

84
Q

Nasion

A

Midpoint between the eyes, just below the eyebrows

85
Q

External Acoustic Meatus Opening

A

Passageway that leads from the outside of the head to the tympanic membrane

86
Q

Zygomatic Arch

A

Composed of Temporal Process of Zygomatic bone and Zygomatic Process of Temporal bone

87
Q

Occiput

A

Most posterior portion of the cranium

88
Q

Fontanelles

A

Areas of dense regular connective tissue that connect infant cranial bones

89
Q

What are the 4 main Fontanelles?

A

(1) Mastoid
(2) Sphenoid
(3) Posterior
(4) Anterior

90
Q

Mastoid Fontanelle

A

Junction of squamous and lambdoid sutures in infants

91
Q

Sphenoidal Fontanelle

A

Junction of squamous and coronal sutures in infants

92
Q

Posterior Fontanelle

A
  • Junction between the two parietal bones and the occipital bone in infants
  • Smaller and triangular shaped
  • Future site of lambda
93
Q

Anterior Fontanelle

A
  • Junction between the two frontal bones and two parietal bones in infants
  • Larger and diamond shaped
  • Future site of Bregma
94
Q

Arachnoid Granulations of Parietal Bone

A

Extensions of the arachnoid mater that allow excess CSF to be absorbed by the dural sinuses

95
Q

Auditory Ossicles

A
  • Three small bones linked together that connect the eardrum to the inner ear
  • Malleus, Incus, Stapes
96
Q

Pterygoid Process of Sphenoid Bone

A

Landmark on the sphenoid bone for the attachment of many muscles of mastication

97
Q

Pterygoid Hamulus

A

A hook-like end of the medial Pterygoid Plate that serves as a site for muscle attachment

98
Q

Ethmoid Air Cells

A

Cribiform plate of ethmoid bone

99
Q

Perpendicular Plate of Ethmoid Bone

A

Superior portion of the bony nasal septum

100
Q

Ala of Vomer

A

Marks the midline terminating point of the nasal cavities

101
Q

Lingula of Mandible

A

Spinous process protecting the mandibular foramen and the nerve

102
Q

Lambda

A

Meeting point of sagittal and lambdoid sutures

103
Q

Asterior

A

Meeting point of parietal, occipital and temporal bones

104
Q

Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ)

A

Joint between the temporal bone and the mandible

105
Q

Falx Cerebri

A

Separates the two cerebral hemispheres

106
Q

Falx Cerebelli

A

Separates the two hemispheres of the cerebellum

107
Q

Cerebelli Tentorium

A

Separates cerebellum from occipital lobe

NE Exam 1 (14 decks)

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