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NE Exam 1 > Head Myology > Flashcards

Head Myology Flashcards

1
Q

List the Muscles of Facial Expression

A
  • Occipitofrontalis (Epicranius)
  • Orbicularis Oculi
  • Levator Labii Superioris
  • Zygomaticus Major
  • Zygomaticus Minor
  • Levator Anguli Oris
  • Depressor Labii Inferioris
  • Depressor Anguli Oris
  • Orbicularis Oris
  • Buccinator
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2
Q

Occipitofrontalis - Frontal Belly
O:
I:
A:
Innervation:

A

O: Epicranial apopneurosis
I: Skin and subcutaneous tissue of eyebrows and forehead
A: Elevates eyebrows, wrinkles skin of forehead
Innervation: Facial N

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3
Q

Orbicularis Oculi - Orbital Part
O:
I:
A:
Innervation:

A

O: Medial orbital margin, medial palpebral ligament, lacrimal bone
I: Skin around orbital margin, tarsal plates
A: Tightly closes eyelids, aids in winking
Innervation: Facial N

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4
Q

Orbicularis Oculi - Palpebral Part
O:
I:
A:
Innervation:

A

O: Medial orbital margin, medial palpebral ligament, lacrimal bone
I: Skin around orbital margin, tarsal plates
A: Gently closes eyelids
Innervation: Facial N

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5
Q

Orbicularis Oris
O:
I:
A:
Innervation:

A

O: Median plane of maxilla bone and deep surface of skin
I: Mucous membrane of lips
A: Oral sphincter – compresses and protrudes lips (kissing), resists distension (when blowing)
Innervation: Facial N

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6
Q

Levator Labii Superioris Aleque Nasi
O:
I:
A:
Innervation:

A

O: Maxilla bone, lateral to the nasal bone
I: Upper lip and alar cartilage of the nose
A: Elevates the upper lip, opens nostrils
Innervation: Facial N

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7
Q

Levator Labii Superioris
O:
I:
A:
Innervation:

A

O: Maxilla (frontal process) and infraorbital region
I: Skin of upper lip, alar cartilages of nose
A: Elevates upper lip, dilates nostril, raises angle of the mouth
Innervation: Facial N

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8
Q

Zygomaticus Major
O:
I:
A:
Innervation:

A

O: Zygomatic bone (lateral surface, posterior part)
I: Skin at corner of mouth
A: Pulls corner of mouth superiorly and laterally
Innervation: Facial N

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9
Q

Zygomaticus Minor
O:
I:
A:
Innervation:

A

O: Zygomatic bone (lateral surface, posterior part)
I: Upper lip just medial to corner of the mouth
A: Pulls upper lip superiorly
Innervation: Facial N

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10
Q

Levator Anguli Oris
O:
I:
A:
Innervation:

A

O: Maxilla (below infraorbital foramen)
I: Skin at corner of mouth
A: Raises angle of mouth, helps form nasolabial furrow
Innervation: Facial N

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11
Q

Depressor Labii Inferioris
O:
I:
A:
Innervation:

A

O: Mandible (anterior portion of oblique line)
I: Lower lip at midline; blends with muscles from opposite side (contralateral depressor labii inferioris and the orbicularis oris)
A: Pulls lower lip inferiorly and laterally
Innervation: Facial N

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12
Q

Mentalis
O:
I:
A:
Innervation:

A

O: Mandible (incisive fossa)
I: Skin of chin
A: Elevates and protrudes lower lip
Innervation: Facial N

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13
Q

Depressor Anguli Oris
O:
I:
A:
Innervation:

A

O: Mandible (oblique line below canine, premolar and first molar teeth)
I: Skin at corner of the mouth; blends with orbicularis oris
A: Pulls angle of mouth inferiorly and laterally
Innervation: Facial N

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14
Q

Nasalis
O:
I:
A:
Innervation:

A

O: Maxilla (superior region of canine ridge)
I: Nasal cartilages
A: Flares nostrils by drawing ala (side) of nose toward nasal septum
Innervation: Facial N

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15
Q

What are the two bellies of the Occipitofrontalis muscle?

A
  • Frontal Belly
  • Occipital Belly
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16
Q

Occipitofrontalis - Occipital Belly
O:
I:
A:
Innervation:

A

O: Lateral 2/3rds of superior nuchal line
I: Epicranial aponeurosis
A: Retracts scalp; increasing effectiveness of frontal belly
Innervation: Facial N

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17
Q

Corrugator Supercilii
O:
I:
A:
Innervation:

A

O: Medial end of superciliary arch
I: Skin superior to middle of supra-orbital margin and superciliary arch
A: Draws eyebrow medially and inferiorly, creating vertical wrinkles above nose (shows concern or worry)
Innervation: Facial N

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18
Q

Risorius
O:
I:
A:
Innervation:

A

O: Fascia over masseter muscle
I: Skin of corner of mouth
A: Retracts corner of mouth as in grimacing
Innervation: Facial N

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19
Q

Buccinator
O:
I:
A:
Innervation:

A

O: Mandible, alveolar processes of maxilla and mandible, pterygomandibular raphe
I: Angle of mouth, orbicularis oris
A: Presses cheek against molar teeth, working with tongue to keep food between occlusal surfaces and out of oral vestibule; expels air from oral cavity/resists distention when blowing; unilateral: draws mouth to one side
Innervation: Facial N

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20
Q

What are the two “kissing muscles”?

A
  • Buccinator
  • Orbicularis Oris
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21
Q

What muscles creates expressions of surprise and/or fright?

A

Occipitofrontalis (also called Epicranius)

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22
Q

What are the 3 smiling and laughing muscles?

A
  • Zygomaticus Major
  • Zygomaticus Minor
  • Levator Anguli Oris
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23
Q

What muscle closes your mouth and is used to pout?

A

Orbicularis Oris

24
Q

What two muscles depressor the lower lip?

A
  • Depressor Labii Inferioris
  • Depressor Anguli Oris
25
There are generally no ___ insertions for the muscles of facial expression
Bony (these muscles insert into skin and other muscles of facial expression)
26
What are the 4 main muscles of mastication?
- Masseter - Temporalis - Medial Pterygoid - Lateral Pterygoid
27
Masseter O: I: A: Innervation:
O: Zygomatic arch I: Lateral ramus and angle of mandible (masseteric tuberosity) A: Elevates mandible and closes jaw; limited contribution to protrusion of mandible Innervation: Mandibular N (CN V3) via Masseteric N
28
What nerve Innervates the Muscles of Masstication?
Mandibular Division of Trigeminal N (CN V3)
29
Temporalis O: I: A: Innervation:
O: Temporal fossa (inferior temporal line) I: Coronoid process of mandible (apex and medial surface) A: Vertical Fibers- elevate mandible; Horizontal Fibers- retracts mandible; Unilateral- lateral movement of mandible (chewing) Innervation: Mandibular N (CN V3) via Deep Temporal N
30
Lateral Pterygoid O: I: A: Innervation:
O: Superior Head- greater wing of Sphenoid bone; Inferior Head- lateral pterygoid plate I: Superior Head- TMJ; Inferior Head- Mandible (condylar process) A: Bilateral- protrudes mandible (pulls articular disk forward); Unilateral- lateral movements of mandible (chewing) Innervation: Mandibular N (CN V3) via Lateral Pterygoid N
31
Medial Pterygoid O: I: A: Innervation:
O: Superficial Head- Maxilla (tuberosity); Deep Head- Medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate and pterygoid fossa I: Pterygoid tuberosity on medial surface of the mandibular angle A: Bilateral- elevates mandible with masseter, contributes to protrusion; Unilateral- small grinding movements Innervation: Mandibular N (CN V3) via Medial Pterygoid N
32
Platysma O: I: A: Innervation:
O: Subcutaneous tissue of infraclavicular and supraclavicular regions I: Base of mandible, skin of cheek and lower lip, angle of mouth, Orbicularis Oris A: Depresses mandible against resistance, tenses skin of inferior face and neck (conveying tension and stress) Innervation: Cervical Branch of Facial N
33
What 8 muscles are innervated by CN V3?
- Masseter - Temporalis - Medial Pterygoid - Lateral Pterygoid - Mylohyoid - Anterior Belly of Digastric - Tensor Tympani - Tensor Veli Palatini
34
What are the 3 Salivary Glands?
- Parotid - Submandibular - Sublingual
35
Patorid Gland
- Largest - Serous gland encapsulated by tough fascia
36
Submandibular Gland
- Located in Submandibular Triangle inferior to the Mandible - Mixed serous and mucous gland
37
Sublingual Gland
- Located within oral cavity beneath tongue - Mixed serous and mucous gland but largely mucous secreting
38
Parotid Duct
- Runs over Masseter muscle, pierces Buccinator and opens on surface of oral cavity near upper second molar
39
What are the 5 structures found within the Parotid Gland?
- Parotid Duct - Facial N (exits stylomastoid foramen and enters the gland after innervating the stylohyoid and posterior digastric m) - Retromandibular V - External Carotid A - Auriculotemporal N (CN V3 - sensory)
40
What are the 9 main Arteries of the face and scalp?
- Facial - Occipital - Posterior Auricular - Superficial Temporal - Transverse Facial - Supraorbital - Supratrochlear - Intraorbital - Mental
41
Effect of tumor in Parotid Duct
Affects insertion of Facial N and blood supply
42
Facial Vein empties into ___ ___ ___ but does have other anastomoses.
Internal Jugular Vein
43
___ ___ Veins join __ Vein to form the Retromandibular Vein
- Superficial Temporal - Maxillary
44
What veins have anastomoses with Intracranial Veins?
- Supratrochlear (terminal branch of Opthalmic V) - Supraorbital (terminal branch of Opthlamic V) - Angular (terminal branch of Facial V) ***Potential spread of exterior infections into the cranium b/c of these anastomoses
45
What type of joint is the TMJ?
Modified Hinge type of Synovial Joint
46
What movements occur at the TMJ?
- Translation (gliding) - Rotation (pivoting) - Flexion (elevation) - Extension (depression)
47
Bony Articular Surfaces of TMJ
- Mandibular Fossa and Articular Tubercle of Temporal bone superiorly - Head of mandible inferiorly
48
What attaches to the margins of teh articular cartilage on the temporal bone and around the neck of the mandible?
Loose Fibrous layer of the TMJ joint capsule
49
The two bony articular surfaces of the TMJ are completely separated by intervening:
- Articular Cartilage - Fibrocartilage ** this creates separate superior and inferior articular cavities, or compartments, lined by separate superior and inferior synovial membranes
50
Muscles of the Palate - Tensor Veli Palatini O: I: A: Innervation:
O: Scaphoid fossa of medial pterygoid plate, spine of sphenoid bone, cartilage of auditory tube I: Palatine aponeurosis A: Tenses soft palate, acts on pharyngotympanic tube for depressurizing middle ear Innervation: Medial Pterygoid Branch of CN V3 via Otic Ganglion
51
Muscles of the Palate - Levator Veli Palatini O: I: A: Innervation:
O: Cartilage of the auditory tube and petrous temporal bone I: Palatine aponeurosis A: Elevates the tensed palate when swallowing/yawning, acts on pharyngotympanic tube Innervation: Pharyngeal Branch of Vagus N via Pharyngeal Plexus
52
Paralysis of Levator Veli Palatini and/or Tensor Veli Palatini results in:
- Reflux of oral contents into nasal cavity - Pharyngotympanic Tube dysfunction
53
5 Layers of the Scalp (Superficial -> Deep)
SCALP (1) Skin (integument) (2) Connective Tissue (Dense CT) (3) Aponeurosis (4) Loose areolar connective tissue (5) Pericranium (periosteum)
54
Motor Innervation to all muscles of facial expression is by:
CN VII (Facial N)
55
Four Major Groups of Muscles of Facial Expression
(1) Mouth (2) Nose (3) Eye (4) Forehead

NE Exam 1 (14 decks)

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