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NE Exam 1 > Neck Endocrinology, Pulmonology, & Gastroenterology > Flashcards

Neck Endocrinology, Pulmonology, & Gastroenterology Flashcards

1
Q

What type of gland is the thyroid gland?

A

Endocrine Gland

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2
Q

Location of Thyroid Gland

A

Inferior to the thyroid gland
(moves with the Larynx when swallowing)

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3
Q

Where does the thyroid gland develop from?

A

The floor of the developing Pharynx, near the developing tongue

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4
Q

Thyroglossal Duct

A

The passage the thyroid duct takes during development from the base of the tongue to its final destination in the anterior neck

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5
Q

Structure of Thyroid Gland

A
  • Two lobes connected by an Isthmus
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6
Q

What is the remnant of the Thyroglossal Duct that may exist?

A

Pyramidal Lobe of the Thyroid Gland

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7
Q

What two arteries supply the Thyroid Gland?

A
  • Superior Thyroid Artery
  • Inferior Thyroid Artery
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8
Q

What is the third artery that sometimes supplies the thyroid gland?

A

Thyroid Ima
(found in 10% of people, anomalous branch that may arise from the Aortic Arch, Right Common Carotid A, or Subclavian A)

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9
Q

What artery does the Superior Thyroid Artery come from?

A

External Carotid A

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10
Q

What artery does the Inferior Thyroid Artery come from?

A

Thyrocervical Trunk off Subclavian A

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11
Q

What three veins drain the thyroid gland?

A
  • Superior Thyroid V
  • Middle Thyroid V
  • Inferior Thyroid V
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12
Q

What do the Superior and Middle Thyroid Veins drain into?

A

Internal Jugular V

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13
Q

What does the Inferior Thyroid Vein drain into?

A

Subclavian or Brachiocephalic Veins

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14
Q

Parathyroid Glands

A
  • very small
  • embedded in the posterior surface of the thyroid gland
  • separated from thyroid tissue by thick connective tissue capsule
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15
Q

Laryngopharynx

A

Extends from the superior margin of the epiglottis to the top of the esophagus

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16
Q

Function of Pharynx Constrictor Muscles

A

Constrict or narrow pharyngeal cavity

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17
Q

What are Pharynx Constrictor Muscles innervated by?

A

Pharyngeal Branch of the Vagus N

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18
Q

What are the 3 constrictor muscles of the Pharynx?

A
  • Superior Pharyngeal Constrictor
  • Middle Pharyngeal Constrictor
  • Inferior Pharyngeal Constrictor
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19
Q

Pharynx

A

The membrane-lined cavity behind the nose and mouth, connecting them to the esophagus

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20
Q

What are the two types of muscles found in the Pharynx?

A
  • Constrictor muscles
  • Longitudinal muscles
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21
Q

Longitudinal Muscles of Pharynx

A
  • Descend from their origins to attach to the pharyngeal wall
  • Elevate the pharyngeal wall
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22
Q

What are the 3 Longitudinal muscles of the Pharynx?

A
  • Stylopharyngeus
  • Salpingopharyngeus
  • Palatopharyngeus
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23
Q

Stylopharyngeus

A
  • Begins at Styloid Process
  • Innervated by Glossopharyngeal N
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24
Q

Salpingopharyngeus

A
  • Begins on the cartilaginous part of the pharyngotympanic tune
  • Innervated by the Vagus N
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25
Q

Palatopharyngeus

A
  • Originates in Palatine Aponeurosis (soft palate)
  • Innervated by the Vagus N
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26
Q

What are the 3 regions of the Pharynx?

A

(1) Nasopharynx
(2) Oropharynx
(3) Laryngopharynx

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27
Q

What 4 arteries supply the Pharynx

A

(1) Ascending Pharyngeal A (from External Carotid A)
(2) Ascending Palatine and Tonsillar Arteries (from Facial A)
(3) Branches from Maxillary and Lingual Arteries
(4) Pharyngeal branches from Inferior Thyroid Arteries

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28
Q

What does the Pharyngeal Venous Plexus drain superiorly into?

A

Pterygoid Plexus of Veins

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29
Q

What does the Pharyngeal Venous Plexus drain inferiorly into?

A

Facial and Internal Jugular Veins

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30
Q

What do lymphatic vessels from the Pharynx drain into?

A

Deep Cervical Nodes (Retropharyngeal, Paratracheal, Infrahyoid)

31
Q

What do lymphatic vessels from the Palatine Tonsils drain into?

A

Jugulodigastric Node on each side

32
Q

Innervation of Pharynx

A

Motor and most sensory from Pharyngeal Plexus

33
Q

Pharyngeal Plexus

A
  • Pharyngeal branch of Vagus N
  • Pharyngeal branches of Glossopharyngeal N
34
Q

What is the one muscle of the Pharynx that is not innervated by the Pharyngeal branch of the Vagus N?

A

Stylopharyngeus (CM IX)

35
Q

What is the sensory innervation to the Nasopharynx?

A

Stylopharyngeus (CN IX)

36
Q

Sensory Innervation to Nasopharynx

A

Pharyngeal Branch of Maxillary N (CN V2)

37
Q

Sensory Innervation to Oropharynx

A

Glossopharyngeal N via Pharyngeal Plexus

38
Q

Sensory Innervation to Laryngopharynx

A

Vagus N via Pharyngeal Plexus

39
Q

Cricoid Cartilage

A
  • Most inferior of the laryngeal cartilages
  • Completely encircles airway
  • Articulates superiorly with thyroid cartilage
40
Q

Epiglottis

A
  • Leaf-shaped cartilage attached by stem to posterior aspect of thyroid cartilage
  • Projects posterosuperiorly from attachment
41
Q

Thyroid Cartilage

A
  • Largest of the laryngeal cartilages
  • Most superior point of fusion forward as laryngeal prominence (aka Adam’s Apple)
  • Posterior margin of each lamina is elongated to form superior and inferior horns/cornu
  • Has a Superior and Inferior horn
42
Q

Superior Horn of Thyroid Gland

A

Connected by a ligament to the greater horn of the hyoid bone

43
Q

Inferior Horn of Thyroid Gland

A

Articulates on its medial surface with the cricoid cartilage

44
Q

Arytenoid Cartilages

A
  • Paired pyramid-shaped cartilages
  • Base of each articulates with the cricoid cartilage
  • Apex of each articulates with the corniculate cartilage
  • Anterior angle of base is elongated to form the vocal process (attachment of the vocal ligament)
  • Later angle of the base is elongated to form the muscular process (attachment of the posterior and lateral cricoarytenoid muscles)
45
Q

Corniculate Cartilage

A

Two small conical cartilages whose bases articulate with the arytenoid cartilages

46
Q

Cuneiform

A

Two small club-shaped cartilages suspended anterior to the corniculate cartilages

47
Q

TransverseWhat are the 3 Crico-Arytenoid Muscles?

A
  • Posterior
  • Lateral
  • Transverse
48
Q

Posterior Crico-Arytenoid Muscle

A
  • Abducts vocal cords
  • Innervated by the Recurrent Laryngeal Branch of the Vagus N
49
Q

Lateral Crico-Arytenoid Muscle

A
  • Abducts interligamentous portion of vocal folds
  • Innervated by the Recurrent Laryngeal Branch of the Vagus N
50
Q

Transverse Crico-Arytenoid Muscle

A
  • Adducts arytenoid cartilage
  • Innervated by the Laryngeal Branch of the Vagus N
51
Q

What nerve innervates the Crico-Arytenoid muscles?

A

Laryngeal Branch of the Vagus N

52
Q

Thyrohyoid Membrane

A
  • Tough, fibroelastic ligament between the superior margin of the thyroid cartilage and the inferior border of the hyoid bone
53
Q

Aperture in the lateral part of the Thyrohyoid Membrane permits passage of the _______ N and the ____ A

A
  • Internal branch of the Superior Laryngeal N
  • Superior Laryngeal A
54
Q

Posterior borders of the Thyrohyoid Membrane thicken to form the ___ ___ ligament

A

Lateral Thyrohyoid Ligament

55
Q

The Thyrohyoid Membrane is thickened anteriorly in the midline to form the ___ __ ligament

A

Median Thyrohyoid

56
Q

Cricothyroid Muscles

A
  • Extend from the anterolateral surfaces of the arch of the cricoid cartilage superiorly and to the thyroid cartilage posteriorly
  • Pull the thyroid cartilage forward and rotate it down
  • Action lengthens the vocal cords
57
Q

What nerve innervates the Cricothyroid muscles?

A

External Branch of the Laryngeal N from the Vagus N

58
Q

Where is the Laryngeal Ventricle located?

A

Inferior to the Vestibular Fold and superior to the Vocal Fold

59
Q

Location of Vestibule of the Larynx

A

Superior to the ventricle fold

60
Q

___ ___ is located inferior to the vocal fold and superior to the trachea

A

Infraglottic Cavity

61
Q

What are the two parts of the Cricothyroid muscle?

A
  • Oblique part: medial of the two muscles
  • Straight part: lateral of the 2 muscles
62
Q

Hypoepiglottic Ligament

A

Attaches the Epiglottis to the Hyoid bone

63
Q

Aryepoglottic Fold

A

Fold of tissue that extends from the apex of the arytenoids to the epiglottis

64
Q

Vestibular Fold

A
  • Part of the folded region of the glottis composed of mucous membrane
  • Supports the epiglottis during swallowing
  • Called the False Vocal Fold
65
Q

Vocal Fold

A
  • Mucosal folds that function in voice production
  • True vocal cords
66
Q

Laryngeal Ventricle

A
  • Space between the true and false vocal folds
  • Inferior to the Vestibular fold and superior to the vocal fold
67
Q

Infraglottic Cavity

A

Located inferior to the vocal cord and superior to the trachea

68
Q

Rima Glottidis

A

Opening between the vocal folds

69
Q

Pyriform Recess

A
  • Vertical gutter on the lateral side of the Laryngopharynx
  • Lateral to the Aryepiglottic fold
  • Next to the Cricoid
70
Q

Vestibule of the Larynx

A

Located superior to the ventricular fold

71
Q

Internal Branch of the Superior Laryngeal Nerve

A

Gives sensation the the Larynx above the vocal fold

72
Q

Stimulation of the Internal Branch of the Superior Laryngeal N carries sensory information for the initiation of the ___ reflex

73
Q

External Branch of the Superior Laryngeal N innervates what muscle?

A

Cricothyroid Muscle

74
Q

Recurrent Laryngeal N

A

Provides motor innervation to the intrinsic muscles of the Larynx

NE Exam 1 (14 decks)

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