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H&N > Neck Intro > Flashcards

Neck Intro Flashcards

1
Q

What are the fascia of the neck

A

Superficial cervical fascia
Deep fascia

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2
Q

What does the superficial cervical fascia surround?

A

The superficial cervical fascia surrounds the platysma muscle
And is closely associated with adipose tissue in the neck.

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3
Q

What is the function of the superficial cervical fascia?

A

provides a layer of support and structure for the neck and plays a role in supplying blood to the skin.

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4
Q

What is the role of the subplatysmal flap?

A

The subplatysmal flap is a layer within the superficial cervical fascia that helps protect the blood supply to the skin.

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5
Q

What structures does the deep cervical fascia condense around to form the carotid sheath?

A

The deep cervical fascia condenses around the common carotid arteries, internal jugular veins (IJVs), and vagus nerves

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6
Q

What is the origin of the superficial or investing layer of the deep cervical fascia?

A

The superficial or investing layer of the deep cervical fascia originates from the ligamentum nuchae (a ligament at the back of the neck) and the spinous processes of the cervical vertebrae (bony projections at the back of the neck)

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7
Q

What are the attachments of the deep cervical fascia
Sup.
Ant.
Inf.

A

Sup = sup. Nuchal line, external occipital protuberance, zygomatic arch, mastoid tip

Ant. = hyoid bone

Inf. = Acromion, clavicle, sternum

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8
Q

natural cleavage planes and providing the slipperiness that allows for easy movement and separation of structures during surgery or neck movements. Is the responsibility of _____ fascia

A

Deep cervical fascia because it’s thicker

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9
Q

The deep cervical fascia in some areas is condensed and classified into

A

Investing layer
Pretracheal
Pre vertebral

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10
Q

The pretracheal layer is located______ and enclosed what structures

A

Thin layer located above the larynx
Thyroid, parathyroid and infra hyoid muscle

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11
Q

The prevertebral layer is located______ and enclosed what structures

A

lies behind the pharynx and esophagus, in front of the prevertebral muscles and vertebral column,
Forms the floor of the pst. Triangle

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12
Q

Middle or visceral layer is derived from

A

derived from the superior layer of the deep cervical fascia.

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13
Q

What’s the location of the middle/visceral layer and it wraps __________

A

The middle layer of the deep cervical fascia lies deep to the strap muscles

surrounds the trachea, thyroid gland, and esophagus.

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14
Q

What’s the clinical importance of the visceral layer of deep cervical fascia

A

When you swallow, the movement of strap muscles causes this layer to lift up, making any lumps in the thyroid gland more noticeable. This helps doctors diagnose thyroid conditions.

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15
Q

Carotid sheath is a condensation of that layer of fasct

A

Investing deep cervical fascia, pretracheal, pre vertebral

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16
Q

The carotid sheath surrounds

A

• the common and internal carotid arteries,
• the internal jugular vein,
• the vagus nerve and
• the deep cervical lymph nodes

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17
Q

What are the boundaries of the ant. Triangle

A

Anteriorly: by median line of the neck.
•Posteriorly: by anterior border of sternocleidomastoid muscle
•Superiorly: inferior
border of the mandible
°Roof: skin
•Floor: thyroid gland, larynx and pharynx

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18
Q

Contents of the ant. Triangle of the neck
Muscle
BV
Nerves
Visera

A

Stylohoid, mylohyoid, sup. Belly of omohyoid, strap muscle and digastric muscle
BV: Int. &ant. Jugular vein, ex. Carotid branches except pst. Auricular
NS: Hypoglossal, mylohyoid, int. & ex. Laryngeal nerve
Visera: thyroid, larynx, submental, sub mandibular

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19
Q

The ant. Triangle is subdivided into

A

Carotid, submental, digastric and muscular triangle

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20
Q

What are the boundaries of the submental triangle?

A

The lower boundary is formed by the body of the hyoid bone, and the sides are bordered by the anterior bellies of the digastric muscles.

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21
Q

What muscles make up the floor of the submental triangle?

A

The floor of the submental triangle is formed by two mylohyoid muscles that meet in the middle to create a median fibrous raphe.

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22
Q

What is the apex of the submental triangle?

A

The apex of the submental triangle is located at the symphysis of the mandible, which is where the halves of the lower jawbone join during infancy.

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23
Q

What forms the base of the submental triangle?

A

The base of the submental triangle is formed by the hyoid bone.

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24
Q

Contents of the submental triangle

A
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25
Q
A

Small lymph nodes
Small veins comes together to form large once

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26
Q

What structures form the boundaries of the submandibular triangle?

A

A: The boundaries of the submandibular triangle are the lower edge of the mandible (jawbone) and the anterior and posterior bellies of the digastric muscle.

27
Q

What muscles contribute to the floor of the Submandibular Triangle?

A

A: The floor of the Submandibular Triangle is formed by the mylohyoid muscle and the hyoglossus muscle & middle constrictor muscle of the pharynx

28
Q

What structures are found within the Submandibular Triangle?

A

submandibular salivary gland, deep fascia, lymph nodes, the anterior facial vein, the facial artery, the marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve, and the hypoglossal nerve (CN XII).

29
Q

What are the boundaries of the Carotid Triangle?

A

Pst. Sternocleidomastoid
Ant. Inf. Omohyoid
Ant. Sup. Pst belly of digastric muscle
Floor: Ant. Hyoglssus & thyrohoid muscle / Pst: mid&inf. Constrictor muscle

30
Q

@ what point does the common carotid artery divide?

A

At the level of the superior border of the thyroid cartilage, the common carotid artery divides into the internal carotid artery and the external carotid artery

31
Q

What are the boundaries of muscular triangle

A

Sup. Hyoid bone
Lat. Sup. Belly of omohyoid muscle
Ant. Border of SCM muscle
Mid: mid line of the neck
Apex: insertion of the sternocleidomastoid muscle and the omohyoid muscle.

32
Q

Contents of the muscular triangle
Muscle
BV
Visera

A

Content
Muscles: infrahyoid muscles(thyrohyoid,sternothyroid,sternohyoid)
 Vessels: sup & inf thyroid art, AJV,
Viscera:thyroid,parathyroud ,trachea & esophagus

33
Q

Boundaries of the pst. Triangle

A

Ant. SCM
Pst. Trapezoid
Inf. Mid. 3rd Clavicle
Roof. Investing/superficial deep cervical fascia
Floor. Pre vertebral fascia

34
Q

The pst. Triangle can be divided into 2 by

A

Omohyoid muscle

35
Q

Contents of the pst. Triangle

A

Muscle: omohyoid
BV: suprascapular, subclavian, occipital artery, transverse cervical & ex. Jugular vein
Nerve: cervical branchial plexus

36
Q

The pst. Triangle is subdivided into

A

Supra scapular & occipital triangle

37
Q

Boundaries of the occipital triangle

A

Ant. SCM
pst. Trapezoid
Inf. Sup. Border of omohyoid
Floor: pre vertebral fascia
Roof:investing layer of deep cervical fascia

38
Q

Contents of the occipital triangle

A

Contains
branches of the cervical plexus,
upper most part of the brachial pl,
supraclavicular Nn,
fibrofatty tissue,
lymph nodes,
the accessory nerve.
Splenius capitis,
Lev. scapulae,
middle scalene

39
Q

Boundaries of the supraclavicular/subclavian triangle

A

Ant. SCM
Pst. Trapezoid
Sup. Inf. Border of omohyoid
Inf. Clavicle

40
Q

Contents of the subclavian triangle

A

Content
3rd part of subclav art,
Trunks of brachial plexus,
Nn to subclavius M,
lymph nodes

41
Q

The common carotid artery arises from the_____ on the left & ______ on the right
.

A

the arch of the aorta on the left.
from the brachiocephalic artery on the right

42
Q

Normally, the common carotid artery does not have any branches at this division point. However, in some cases, it may give off additional branches such as the vertebral artery, superior thyroid artery, laryngeal branches of the superior thyroid artery, ascending pharyngeal artery, inferior thyroid artery, or occipital artery.

A
43
Q

What’s the carotid sinus? & it’s location

A

A localized dilation @ CCA at the point where the ICA branches off
it’s a reflex presurereceptpr mechanism

44
Q

Relationship btw CCA, JV and Vagus N

A

CCA is medial to JV & vagus N is btw the two

45
Q

What’s carotid body & function

A

A structure lying pst. To the bifurcation of the CCA is a chemo receptor

46
Q

The carotid body is innervated by

A

Glossopharyngeal N

47
Q

Carotid sinus &body same innervation

A
48
Q

Relations of the Common Carotid A.

A

Anterolaterally
: The skin, the fascia, SCM, sternohyoid, sternothyroid, & superior belly of omohyoid
Posteriorly: The transverse processes of the lower 4 cervical vert, prevertebral muscles & sympathetic trunk In the lower part of the neck are the vertebral
vessels
Medially: The larynx and pharynx and, below these, the tracheaand esophagus, lobe of the thyroid
gland

49
Q

The carotid puse is taken @

A

The sup. Border of the thyroid gland

50
Q

The external carotid artery starts and ends @

A

Sup. Thyroid cartilage
terminates in
the substance
of the
parotid gland behind the
neck of the mandible by dividing into superficial
temporal &
maxillary
arteries.
It supplies the face, scalp, tongue, neck & maxilla

51
Q

What are the external branches of the ECA

A

S-sup. Thyroid
A- ascending branch pharyngeal A
L- lingual A
F- Facial A
O- occipital A
P-pst. Auricular A
M- maxillary
S- superficial temporal artery
She always likes freaking out poor medical students

52
Q

What are the ant. relations of the ECA

A

@ d beginning it’s covered by SCM
Later it can be seen superficially covered by d skin
It’s crossed by Hypoglossal N, pst. Belly of digastric muscle & stylohoid muscle
& within the parotid gland it’s crossed by facial N

53
Q

The position of the ECA in relation to the IJV
Between the ICA & IJV which is medial to which

A

The IJV is lat. To the ECA @ the beginning
But later becomes posterior
the ICA is lateral to the IJV in the neck.

54
Q

What are the structures @ the medial side of the ECA

A

Wall of the pharynx
ICA
Stylopharyngous muscle
Glossopharyngeous muscle
The pharyngeal branch of the vagus nerve passes btw the ECA & ICA

55
Q

The ICA supplies

A

Brain, eye, forehead, part of the nose

56
Q

Content of the carotid sheath

A

CCA, ICA, IJV, Vagus nerve

57
Q

The ICA escapes into the cranium via_____
And terminate there by dividing into

A

Carotid canal
the anterior cerebral artery and the middle cerebral artery.

58
Q

What are the branches of the internal carotid artery

A

A- ant. Choroidal A
V- vidian A
I- inf. Lat. Trunk
P- pst. Communicating A
S- sup. Hypophyseal A
C- caroticotympanic A
O- ophthalmic A
M- meningohypophyseal trunk
M- middle cerebral artery
A- ant. Cerebral artery

59
Q

Relations of the ICA
Ant. Lat.

A

Anterolaterally
:
Below the digastric
lie the skin, the
fascia, the

anterior border of
SCM
, and
the hypoglossal
nerve.
Above the
digastric: lie the stylohyoid muscle,stylopharyngeus muscle,glossopharyngeal nerve,pharyngeal branch of vagus,the parotid gland,and the ECA

60
Q

Relations of the ICA
Ant. Lat

A

Anterolaterally: Below the digastric
lie the skin, the fascia, the anterior border of SCM, and
the hypoglossal nerve.
Above the digastric

lie the stylohyoid muscle, stylopharyngeus muscle, glossopharyngeal nerve,pharyngeal branch of vagus, the parotid gland,
and the ECA

61
Q

Relations of the ICA
Pst.
Mid.

A

Posteriorly:
sympathetic trunk, longus
capitis
muscle
& transverse processes of
the upper 3
cervical vertebrae
Medially: The pharyngeal wall & the sup. laryngeal
nerve
Laterally: The IJV and the vagus nerve

62
Q

Extensive arteriosclerosis of the
ICA in the neck can cause

A

visual impairment or blindness in the eye
on the side of the lesion because of insufficient blood flow through the retinal artery
Motor paralysis and sensory loss may also occur on the opposite side of the body because of
insufficient blood flow through the middle cerebral artery

63
Q

Catheterization of the JV is done on which JV , where and when

A

Right EJV
The vein is catheterized is done about halfway
between the level of the cricoid cartilage and
the clavicle.

Its done during inspiration when the valves are open

H&N (8 decks)

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