Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Neuro I > Neck I and II > Flashcards

Neck I and II Flashcards

(72 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

what is the occiput

A

external occipital protuberance and superior nuchal lines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

where is the hyoid bone palpated

A

anteriorly immediately superior to the prominence of thyroid cartilage, its greater horn is palpable laterally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

where is the thyroid cartilage located

A

opposite to 4th and 5th cervical vertebrae

superior thyroid notch and laryngeal prominence palpated anteriorly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

where is the cricoid cartilage located

A

anterior to the 6th cervical vertebrae

palpated inferior to thyroid cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

where is the open face side of traceal rings

A

posteriorly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

where is the thyroid isthmus palpated

A

2nd 3rd and 4th tracheal rings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is the cutaneous muscle in the neck

A

platysma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

where is the platysma located

A

within superficial layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is origin and insertion of platysma m

A

o: superficial fascia covering pectoralis major and deltoid
i: inferior margin of mandible, skin and subcut tissue of lower portion face and corner of mouth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

action and inn platysma

A

action: draws corner of mouth downward, depresses mandible, elevates skin of chest
inn: cervical branch of facial N CN VII

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the 1st layer of deep fascia

A

investing fascia
cylinder of fascia around entire neck
invests trapezius and SCM mm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are the superior and posterior attachments of deep investing fascia of neck

A

sup: external occipital protuberance, superior nuchal line, mastoid process and inferior margin of the mandible
post: external occipital protuberance, spinous processes CV1-CV7 via nuchal ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is the inferior attachment of deep investing fascia

A

connects spinous process CV7, spine of scapula, acromion, clavicle, manubrium
blends with SCM and trapezius and attaches to middle 1/3 clavicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the suprasternal space

A

created form laminae of SCM surfaces which fail to fuse. contains a vein that communicates with inferior portion of anterior jugular vv

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what forms a CT tissue capsule for submandibular gland

A

deep investing fascia of neck

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is the 2nd layer of deep fascia

A

infrahyoid fascia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

where is the infrahyoid fascia

A

begins at hyoid bone and thyroid cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

describe the 2 layers of infrahyoid fascia

A

superficial: invests sternohyoid and omohyoid mm and inferiorly to attach to post manubrium. laterally fuses with periosteum of clavicle and first rib
deep: invests the sternothyroid and thyrohyoid mm and is prolonged inferiorly to post manubrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what layer of infrahyoid fascia forms a sling for intermediate tendon of omohyoid m

A

the superficial layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

where do the fascia layers of the infrahyoid fascias fuse

A

inferiorly to adventitia of brachiocephalic vv, fibrous pericardium via superior sternopericardial ligament
laterally with carotid sheath

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What fascia encircle the visceral structures of neck like the pharynx, esophagus, larynx trachea and thyroid gland

A

cervical visceral fascias: pre-tracheal and buccopharyngeal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

describe the 3rd layer of deep fascia of the neck

A

pre-tracheal anterior to larynx and trachea
attaches to hyoid bone superiorly and blends laterally with buccopharyngeal fascia
encloses thyroid gland and also attaches to adventitia of aortic arch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

describe 4th layer of deep fascia of the neck

A

buccopharyngeal attaches superiorly to base of skull, covers buccinator and pharyngeal constrictor mm
fuse laterally with pre-tracheal fascia
fuses with adventitia of esophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

describe the 5th layer of deep fascia in the neck

A

pre-vertebral continuous with nuchal fascia posteriorly

encircles vertebral column and its assoc mm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
what are the attachments of the pre-vertebral fascia
superior: base of skull and laterally to vertebral column anterior: covers pre-vertebral mm and extends inferiorly into posterior mediastinum
26
what is the alar fascia
pre-vertebral fascia bifurcates for form 6th deep layer of fascia and attaches to midline buccopharyngeal fascia, bilaterally blends with carotid sheath and inferiorly blends with adventitia of esophagus between CV7 and TV3
27
what forms the floor of the posterior cervical triangle
the lateral parts of alar fascia that attach to cervical transverse processes
28
what does the floor of posterior cervical triangle cover
scalenes, levator scapulae, splenius and semispinalis
29
the alar fascia posteriorly and inferiorly fuses with what fascia
thoracolumbar fascia of deep back
30
what are the specializations of pre-vertebral fascia
sibsons fascia, underside of scaliness and reinforce dome of cervical pleura axillary sheath laterally along subclavian and axillary vessels and brachial plexus
31
what does the carotid sheath envelope
common and internal carotids internal jugular v vagus n
32
where does the carotid sheath attach
superiorly to base of skull at jugular foramen and carotid canal inferiorly with adventitious of aorta, pulm trunk superior vena cava and fibrous pericardium
33
how many of the deep fascias of the neck blend with carotid sheath
all
34
where is the pre-tracheal space of visceral space
located between deepest layer of infrahyoid fascia and pre-tracheal fascia extends from infrahyoid mm to thyroid cartilage to attachment of pericardium and roots of major vessels
35
infections in the pre-tracheal space can go where and cause what
can go into superior mediastinum leading to inflammation of brachiocephalic vv, aorta and pericardium
36
where are the retropharyngeal spaces
2: between buccopharyngeal, pre-vertebral and alar fascias | extend from base of skull to posterior mediastinum and close laterally to carotid sheath
37
where is the retrovesisceral, retropharyngealm retroesophageal space
anterior between buccopharyngeal and alar fascias
38
where is the "danger space" of the retropharyngeal spaces
larger, more posterior between pre-vertebral and alar/buccopharyngeal fascia extending from base of skull to diaphragm between vertebral column and esophagus
39
infections in the "danger space" can lead into where and cause what
retropharyngeal abscess leading to dysphagia and dysarthria can dissect into poster area of mediastinum and cause chronic tonsillitis and lead to mediastinal abscess leading to inflammtion of esophagus even to diaphragm
40
what are the general boundaries of the neck
anterior: line from symphysis menti to sternal notch posterior: trapezius superior: from superior nuchal line, mastoid process and infeiror margin of mandible to symphysis menti inferior: superior margin of clavicle, sternoclavicular joint and sternal notch
41
what is the origin and insertion of SCM
o: sternal head- anterior surface manubrium clavicular head- proximal 1/3 clavicle (superior surface) i: mastoid process on lateral side and superior nuchal line on lateral half
42
what are the actions of SCM and inn
unilaterally- rotates head toward opposite while elevating chin bilaterally- flexes head, limited extension of atlanto-occipital joint inn: Spinal Accessory N CN XI, cervical spinal nn C2-3
43
What is torticollis (wry neck)
congenital or acquired, shortening of SCM which places patients head in position side bent to same side and rotated to opp side of affected m
44
what triangles of the neck are formed by SCM
anterior and posterior
45
what are the borders of the posterior triangle of neck
posterior: trapezius anterior: SCM inferior: clavicle subdivided by inferior belly of omohyoid m
46
what two triangles are within posterior triangle of neck
occiptal- larger and more superior trapeze, SCM and inferior belly omohyoid omoclavicular (subclavicular)- smaller inferior, inferior belly omohyoid, clavicle and SCM
47
what are the borders of the anterior triangle of the neck
posterior: SCM superior: angle of mandible imaginary line mid sagittally subdivided by passage of digastric and omohyoid mm
48
what are the triangles in the anterior triangle of neck
digastric (submandibular)- inferior margin mandible, 2 bellies of digastric m submental- laterally by 2opposing anterior bellies of digastric mm and hyoid bone carotid- post belly digastric, sup belly omohyoid and SCM muscular- sup belly omohyoid, SCM, median line of neck to hyoid bone
49
What are the superficial vv in neck
external jugular vv and the anterior jugular vv
50
what forms the external jugular v
posteiror division of retromandibular and posterior auricular vv join at angle of mandible
51
is the external jug v deep or superficial to SCM
superficial
52
where does external jugular v terminate
subclavian v
53
what are tributaries to external jugular v
posteiror external jugular v transverse cervical v suprascapular v anterior jugular v
54
increased filling of external jugular v can be an indication of what
heart failure, SVC obstruction, enlarged supraclavicular lymph nodes or increased intrathoracic pressure
55
laceration of external jugular v along posterior border of SCM can lead to what
air embolism due to negative intrathoracic pressure which sucks air through open vein
56
how is an air embolism detected
bruit upon auscultation of thoracic wall, cyanosis of mucous membranes and reduced flow through right atrium from increased air also have dyspnea
57
What vv form the anterior jugular vv
small vv in submental and submandibular regions join at level of hyoid bone
58
where does the anterior jugular v course
descends anterior triangle, pierces investing fascia and continues into suprasternal space where it communicates with opp anterior jugular v via jugulovenous arch then course laterally to SCM to join external jugular v
59
what vv also communicate with anterior jugular vv
the retromandibular and facial vv join to form common facial v and give off communicating v
60
which v do some of the superficial cervical lymph nodes lay along
external jugular v
61
what provides path if the internal jugular v is occluded preventing increased intracranial pressure
emissary vv and opthalmic vv draining through scalp and orbit provide blood to retromandibular and facial vv then distally to occlusion posterior auricular and external jugular thorugh facial v and anterior retromandibular v return blood to internal jugular
62
What are the cutaneous nn coming from dorsal rami in neck
C1 spinal n has no DRG- taken over by C2 greater occipital n C2(greater occipital n) pierces semispinalis capitis and trapezius ascends to inn skin over posteriolateral skull C3-C6 pierce deep mm to reach sub cut areas near dorsal midline and extend laterally to cutaneous areas over trapezius
63
what ventral rami contribute to cutaneous nn of neck
C1-C4 to cervical plexus | C2-C4 inn pinna and area behind and in front of ear, lateral and ant neck, upper ant thorax and prominence of shoulder
64
What are the names of cutaneous nn that emerge in the posterior triangle of neck
lesser occipital (c2-c3) great auricular C2-C3 transverse cervical n C2-C3 supraclavicular nn C3C4
65
what does the lesser occipital n inn
medial surface of ear as well as skin behind ear
66
what does the great auricular n inn
skin over mastoid process, lower portion of ear and inferior portion of angle of mandible and parotid region parallels external jug v
67
what does the transverse cervical n inn
deep to external jugular v deep to platysma it splits into superior and inferior skin and subcut of anterior triangle from mandible to sternum
68
where does supraclavicular n pass
cross inferior portion of posterior triangle and divides into 3 branches
69
what are the 3 branches of supraclacivular n and what do they inn
medial supraclavicular- skin at base of neck, upper sternum and sternoclavicular joint intermediate ""- skin over pectoralis major to third rib lateral ""- prominence of shoulder
70
what type of nerve block is given for surgeries of neck | what is dangerous about this
cervical nerve block | (also paralyzes diaphragm on ipsi side) because phrenic is C3-5
71
what are the superficial cervical lymph nodes, where do they drain to
submental, submandibular, external jugular and anterior jugular drain to deep cervical lymph nodes that parallel internal jugular v
72
what structures of face is drained to superficial lymph nodes
lower portion ear, parotid region, facial region, portions of oral cavity, submandibular and sublingual glands, skin of ant neck and mm of infrahyoid

Neuro I (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions