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Neuro I > Intro lecture > Flashcards

Intro lecture Flashcards

1
Q

What type of shape are the neurons invovled with special senses

A

bipolar

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2
Q

what tyoe of neurons are our primary afferents

A

pseudounipolar

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3
Q

What are the various names for cell bodies

A

gray matter, Cx, nuclei and columns

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4
Q

What are the various names for white matter

A

tracts (fasiculi and funiculi)

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5
Q

What are the names for neurons out in CNS

A

ganglia and nerves

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6
Q

What type of glia cell is in PNS

A

schwann cells

metabolic support and elctrical insulation

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7
Q

Are all nerons in PNS myelinated

A

no some aren’t

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8
Q

which type of axon, large or small has faster conduciton

A

large is faster conduction from increased number of channels

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9
Q

What type of glia cell is in the CNS

A

oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, ependymal and microglia

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10
Q

describe role of oligodendrocytes in CNS

A

myelinate several axons

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11
Q

what is the role of astrocytes in CNS

A

the end feet surround capillaries and regulate ion movement

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12
Q

which type of glia cell forms scars in CNS

A

astrocytes

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13
Q

where are the ependymal cells in CNS

A

lining the ventricles

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14
Q

what is the role of microglia in CNS

A

the cleaners

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15
Q

where is the cephalic flexure

A

thalamus

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16
Q

what are the subdivisions of the brainstem

A

medulla, pons, midbrain

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17
Q

what is the role of the medulla

A

vital reflexes

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18
Q

what type of information always goes through pons

A

cerebellar input and output fibers through cerebellar peduncles

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19
Q

what is the tegmentum of the pons

A

the floor

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20
Q

what type of information travels through midbrain

A

connect brainstem to cerebrum, cerebral peduncles

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21
Q

what is in the roof ot the midbrain

A

tectum, paired superior and inferior colliculi

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22
Q

What are the subdivisions of the diencephalon

A

hypothalamus and thalamus

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23
Q

what are the lateral borders of the third ventricle

A

thalamus

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24
Q

what is the primary function of thalamus

A

relay for all sensory info

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25
Q

what structure makes up the floor of the third ventricle

A

hypothalamus

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26
Q

what is the role of hypothalamus

A

main regulator of ANS

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27
Q

which lobe of the cerebrum is primarily motor

A

the frontal lobe

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28
Q

what are the gyri in frontal lobe

A

superior middle inferior
gyrus rectus
precentral

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29
Q

what lobe contains the primary somatosensory Cx

A

parietal lobes

30
Q

what are the gyri in the parietal lobes

A

post central gyrus
superior and inferior lobules
inferior has supramarginal gyrus and angular gyrus

31
Q

Where is Wernickes area and what is in it

A

language comprehension, in inferior parietal lobule and superior part of ltemporal lobes

32
Q

what are the gyri in temporal lobes

A

superior middle and inferior

33
Q

what is the primary function in temporal lobe

A

auditory Cx
higher order visual processing
learning and memory

34
Q

which part of the brain is responsible for facial recognition

A

the higher order visual processing of temporal lobes

35
Q

What are the names for the superior and inferior gyri in the occipital lobes

A

cuneus is superior and lingual is inferior

36
Q

What gyri make up the limbic lobe

A

cingulate gyrus and parahippocampal gyrus

can see this in saggital cut

37
Q

what are the primary functions of limbic lobes

A

emotional responses, drive related behavior, memory

38
Q

what is the primary function of cerebellum

A

coordination

39
Q

where do the internal carotid aa enter skull

A

carotid canals

40
Q

how many cortical branches does the cerebrovascular circle give off where internal carotid enters

A

3

41
Q

what are the 3 branches off internal carotid aa

A

anterior cerebral, middle cerebral and posterior communicating a

42
Q

What areas of the brain are supplied by middle cerebral a

A

parietal and temporal lobes

43
Q

what area is supplied by anterior cerebral a

A

longitudinal fissure and top of parietal lobes

44
Q

what are the deep branches from internal cartodi a

A

lenticulostriate coming off middle cerebral

45
Q

What aa come off basilar a

A

AICA PICA and pontine aa

46
Q

what area of brain is supplied by posterior cerebral a

A

inferior temporal lobe and occiptal lobes

47
Q

how many posterior spinals are there and where do they arise from

A

2, can come off vertebral a or the PICA a

48
Q

What type of capillaries are found in blood brain barrier

A

continuous

49
Q

What induces the tight junctions in blood brain barrier and what forms the barrier itself

A

astrocyte end feet induce the tight juncitons but it is the endothelial cells that form the barrier

50
Q

What can pass through BBB

A

small molecules (less than 400 Daltons)
gases
lipid-soluble substances
substances with specific transporter (glucose and AA)

51
Q

What is CSF continuous with

A

subarachnoid space

52
Q

where is CSF produced

A

choroid plexus found in all vetnricles

53
Q

What lines the ventricles

A

ependymal cells that are ciliated to move fluid

54
Q

What are the parts of the lateral ventricles

A

anterior horn, body, posteiror horn, trigone and inferior horn

55
Q

how do the lateral ventricles empty into the 3rd ventricle

A

interventricular foramina (one on each side)

56
Q

what connects the third ventricle to the 4th ventricle

A

mesencephalic aquaduct, of the aquaduct of the midbrain

57
Q

how many apertures are in 4th vetnricle

A

2 lateral and 1 medial

58
Q

what are the boundaries of the lateral ventricles

A 
roof is corpus callosum
floor is thalamus
lateral wall is caudate nucleus
roof of inferior horn is tail of caudate
floor of inferior horn is hippocampus
59
Q

what are the boundaries of the third ventricle

A

lateral-diencephalon

floor- optic chiasm and infundibulum

60
Q

what are the boundaries of the 4th ventricle

A

roof is cerebellum

floor is pons/medulla

61
Q

What is CSF produced from

A

blood

62
Q

what is the role of CSF

A

buoyancy
ECF
lymph maybe
pH

63
Q

how is CSF made

A

actively and selectively

64
Q

how is CSF reabsorbed

A

passively

65
Q

the choroid epithelium is continuous with what cells

A

ependymal cells that have tight junctions for blood CSF barrier

66
Q

what type of capillaries are in the choroid epithelium

A

fenestrated

67
Q

describe exchange between capillary and choroid epithelium

A

free exchange

68
Q

how does CSF get reabsorbed, mechanism

A

arachnoid villi with one way valves empty into the superior sagittal sinus

69
Q

what can cause hydrocephalus

A

occlusion in ventricular system

70
Q

where are hydrocephalic shunts drained into

A

peritoneum

Neuro I (9 decks)

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