Intro lecture Flashcards
What type of shape are the neurons invovled with special senses
bipolar
what tyoe of neurons are our primary afferents
pseudounipolar
What are the various names for cell bodies
gray matter, Cx, nuclei and columns
What are the various names for white matter
tracts (fasiculi and funiculi)
What are the names for neurons out in CNS
ganglia and nerves
What type of glia cell is in PNS
schwann cells
metabolic support and elctrical insulation
Are all nerons in PNS myelinated
no some aren’t
which type of axon, large or small has faster conduciton
large is faster conduction from increased number of channels
What type of glia cell is in the CNS
oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, ependymal and microglia
describe role of oligodendrocytes in CNS
myelinate several axons
what is the role of astrocytes in CNS
the end feet surround capillaries and regulate ion movement
which type of glia cell forms scars in CNS
astrocytes
where are the ependymal cells in CNS
lining the ventricles
what is the role of microglia in CNS
the cleaners
where is the cephalic flexure
thalamus
what are the subdivisions of the brainstem
medulla, pons, midbrain
what is the role of the medulla
vital reflexes
what type of information always goes through pons
cerebellar input and output fibers through cerebellar peduncles
what is the tegmentum of the pons
the floor
what type of information travels through midbrain
connect brainstem to cerebrum, cerebral peduncles
what is in the roof ot the midbrain
tectum, paired superior and inferior colliculi
What are the subdivisions of the diencephalon
hypothalamus and thalamus
what are the lateral borders of the third ventricle
thalamus
what is the primary function of thalamus
relay for all sensory info
what structure makes up the floor of the third ventricle
hypothalamus
what is the role of hypothalamus
main regulator of ANS
which lobe of the cerebrum is primarily motor
the frontal lobe
what are the gyri in frontal lobe
superior middle inferior
gyrus rectus
precentral
what lobe contains the primary somatosensory Cx
parietal lobes
what are the gyri in the parietal lobes
post central gyrus
superior and inferior lobules
inferior has supramarginal gyrus and angular gyrus
Where is Wernickes area and what is in it
language comprehension, in inferior parietal lobule and superior part of ltemporal lobes
what are the gyri in temporal lobes
superior middle and inferior
what is the primary function in temporal lobe
auditory Cx
higher order visual processing
learning and memory
which part of the brain is responsible for facial recognition
the higher order visual processing of temporal lobes
What are the names for the superior and inferior gyri in the occipital lobes
cuneus is superior and lingual is inferior
What gyri make up the limbic lobe
cingulate gyrus and parahippocampal gyrus
can see this in saggital cut
what are the primary functions of limbic lobes
emotional responses, drive related behavior, memory
what is the primary function of cerebellum
coordination
where do the internal carotid aa enter skull
carotid canals
how many cortical branches does the cerebrovascular circle give off where internal carotid enters
3
what are the 3 branches off internal carotid aa
anterior cerebral, middle cerebral and posterior communicating a
What areas of the brain are supplied by middle cerebral a
parietal and temporal lobes
what area is supplied by anterior cerebral a
longitudinal fissure and top of parietal lobes
what are the deep branches from internal cartodi a
lenticulostriate coming off middle cerebral
What aa come off basilar a
AICA PICA and pontine aa
what area of brain is supplied by posterior cerebral a
inferior temporal lobe and occiptal lobes
how many posterior spinals are there and where do they arise from
2, can come off vertebral a or the PICA a
What type of capillaries are found in blood brain barrier
continuous
What induces the tight junctions in blood brain barrier and what forms the barrier itself
astrocyte end feet induce the tight juncitons but it is the endothelial cells that form the barrier
What can pass through BBB
small molecules (less than 400 Daltons)
gases
lipid-soluble substances
substances with specific transporter (glucose and AA)
What is CSF continuous with
subarachnoid space
where is CSF produced
choroid plexus found in all vetnricles
What lines the ventricles
ependymal cells that are ciliated to move fluid
What are the parts of the lateral ventricles
anterior horn, body, posteiror horn, trigone and inferior horn
how do the lateral ventricles empty into the 3rd ventricle
interventricular foramina (one on each side)
what connects the third ventricle to the 4th ventricle
mesencephalic aquaduct, of the aquaduct of the midbrain
how many apertures are in 4th vetnricle
2 lateral and 1 medial
what are the boundaries of the lateral ventricles
roof is corpus callosum floor is thalamus lateral wall is caudate nucleus roof of inferior horn is tail of caudate floor of inferior horn is hippocampus
what are the boundaries of the third ventricle
lateral-diencephalon
floor- optic chiasm and infundibulum
what are the boundaries of the 4th ventricle
roof is cerebellum
floor is pons/medulla
What is CSF produced from
blood
what is the role of CSF
buoyancy
ECF
lymph maybe
pH
how is CSF made
actively and selectively
how is CSF reabsorbed
passively
the choroid epithelium is continuous with what cells
ependymal cells that have tight junctions for blood CSF barrier
what type of capillaries are in the choroid epithelium
fenestrated
describe exchange between capillary and choroid epithelium
free exchange
how does CSF get reabsorbed, mechanism
arachnoid villi with one way valves empty into the superior sagittal sinus
what can cause hydrocephalus
occlusion in ventricular system
where are hydrocephalic shunts drained into
peritoneum
