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Neuro I > Ant/Post triangles > Flashcards

Ant/Post triangles Flashcards

1
Q

What are the borders of the posterior triangle of the neck

A

roof: investing fascia
anterior: SCM
posterior: trapezius
inferior: clavicle
floor: pre-vertebral fascia covering scalenes and other mm

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2
Q

what divides the post triangle into 2

A

inferior belly omohyoid

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3
Q

what are the 2 triangles in post triangle

A

superior: occiptal
inferior: omoclavicular

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4
Q

what run within post triangle

A

ext jugular, cutaneous nn, CN XI, brachial plexus, inf belly omohyoid, subclavia, transverse cervical a and tributaries, deep cervical lymph nodes

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5
Q

what plexus does the spinal accessory n join with

A

subtrapezial with branches of ventral rami C3 C4

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6
Q

where doesn brachial plexus run in post triangle

A

between ant and middle scalenes

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7
Q

what causes throacic outlet syndrome

A

compression of brachial plexus, hypertrophy of scalenes

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8
Q

what is the axillary sheath an extension of

A

prevertebral fascia

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9
Q

what are the branches of the brachial plexus in neck

A

dorsal scap, accessory phrenic, nerve to subclavius, suprascapular, long thoracic n

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10
Q

which scalene does dorsal scap n pass through and what cervical levels contribute

A

pass through middle scalene

C5

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11
Q

where does accessory phrenic travel and what cord level is it

A

C5 descends parallel to phrenic n on lateral surface of anterior scalene

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12
Q

what cord levels give rise to nerve to subclavius and where does it run

A

C5C6

anterior to brachial plexus and the subclavian vessels and posterior to clavicle

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13
Q

what cord levels give rise to suprascap n and where does it course

A

C5C6

parallels suprascapular vessels to an area of scapular notch to inn supra and infra spinatus

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14
Q

what cord levels give rise to long thoracic n and where does it run

A

C5C6C7

descend into axilla on lateral surface os serratus anterior muscle

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15
Q

what cord levels contribute to the direct inn of scalene mm

A

C5-C8

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16
Q

where does occiptal a branch from

A

external carotid

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17
Q

what n does occipital a run with

A

occiptal n

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18
Q

where do the transverse cervical and suprascapular aa branch from

A

thyrocervical trunk from subclavian a

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19
Q

what a runs in the axillary sheath with brachial plexus

A

subclavian a

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20
Q

what are the branches off subclavian in neck area

A

transverse cervical
suprascapular
dorsal a

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21
Q

describe the nodes found in deep cervical system

A

accessory nodes run with spinal accessory

transverse cervical nodes run with transverse cervical a

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22
Q

where do the accessory nodes receive lymph from

A

occipital nodes and retroauricular nodes

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23
Q

where do the transverse cervical nodes receive lymph from

A

accessory chain of nodes, lateral neck, post thorax, upper ant thoracic wall

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24
Q

describe the boundaries of the anterior triangle

A

roof: investing fascia
anterior: line from symphasis menti to sternal notch
posterior: SCM
superior: inferior margin mandible
floor: structural componenets

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25
Q

What are the 2 groups of mm in atnerior triangle

A

suprahyoid and infrahyoids

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26
Q

what are the suprahyoid mm

A

digastric, stylohyoid and myohyoid

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27
Q

origin and insertion of digastric m

A

o: anterior belly- digastric fossa of mandible
posterior belly- mastoid notch of temporal bone
i: hyoid bone via fascial sling from intermediate tendon

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28
Q

what are the actions of digastric and inn

A

elevates hyoid and base of tongue, assists in opening mouth
ant belly- mylohyoid N (V3)
post belly- digastric branch of VII

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29
Q

what are the o and in of stylohyoid

A

o- post base of styloid process

i- body of hyoid bone near lesser horn

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30
Q

action and inn of stylohyoid

A

action- elevates and retracts the hyoid and base of tongue

inn- digastric branch of facial N VII

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31
Q

o and in of mylohyoid

A

o- mylohyoid line of mandible

i- midline raphe from symphysis menti to body of hyoid bone

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32
Q

action and inn of mylohyoid

A

action- elevates hyoid and floor of mouth, depresses mandible when hyoid is fixed
inn- mylohyoid branch of V3

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33
Q

What are the infrahyoid mm

A

sternohyoid, sternothyroid, thryohyoid and omohyoid

34
Q

o and i of sternohyoid

A

post surface of manubrium at sternoclavicular joint, clavicle and posterior sternoclavicular lig
i- inferior margin body of thyroid

35
Q

o and in of sternothyroid

A

o- posterior surface of manubrium inferior to sternohyoid

i- oblique line of thyroid cartilage

36
Q

action and inn of sternothyroid

A

action- depresses larynx

inn- ansa cervicalis of cervical plexus

37
Q

action and inn of sternohyoid

A

action- depresses hyoid and larynx

inn- ansa cervicalis of cervical plexus

38
Q

o and i of thryohyoid

A

o- oblique line of thryoid cartilage

i- inferior margin of body and greater horn of hyoid

39
Q

action and inn of thyrohyoid

A

action- depresses hyoid and tongue when larynx is fixed from below; elevates larynx when hyoid is fixed from above
inn- C1 via hypoglossal N

40
Q

o and i of omohyoid

A

o: superior- infeiror margin greater horn hyoid
inferior- superior margin of scapula near notch and suprascap ligament
i- fascial sling of infrahyoid fascia to clavicle and first rib

41
Q

action and inn of omohyoid

A

action- stabilizes, retracts and depresses hyoid and larynx

inn- ansa cervicalis of cervical plexus

42
Q

what type of gland is thyroid gland

A

endocrine

43
Q

what type of cells are endocrine function in thyroid

A

follicular cells secrete thyroxin

parafollicular cells secrete calcitonin

44
Q

what is the role of calcitonin

A

decrease circulating Ca

45
Q

where is the thyroid gland located

A

posterior to sternohyoid and sternothyroid mm

46
Q

what tracheal rings does the isthmus of the thyroid cross

A

2nd-4th

47
Q

what fascia surrounds thyroid

A

pretracheal

48
Q

what causes thyroglossal duct cysts

A

absent pyramidal lobe, ectopic glandular tissue can remain active and descend

49
Q

What aa supply thyroid

A

superior thyroid and inferior thryoid a

some have thyroid ima a

50
Q

where does superior thryoid a come from

A

external carotid a

51
Q

What are the major branches of superior thyroid a

A

superior laryngeal, anterior branch and posterior branch

52
Q

what a runs with the internal laryngeal n that pierces thyrohyoid membrane

A

superior laryngeal a

53
Q

where does the inferior thyroid a branch from

A

thyrocervical trunk

54
Q

where does the inferior thyroid a run

A

behind carotid sheath and sympathetic trunk at level of thyroid cartilage

55
Q

What does the infeiror thyroid a anastomose with

A

post branches from superior thyroid a

56
Q

what is the thyroid ima a

A

variable unpaired branch of brachiocephalic or from aortic arch
anastomoses with inferior thyroid aa

57
Q

what is clinically important about thyroid ima a

A

tracheostomy must be done carefullt if patient has this a

58
Q

what vv drain thryoid

A

superior thryoid, middle and inferior

59
Q

where does the superior thyroid v drain to

A

internal jugular

60
Q

Where does the middle thyroid v drain to

A

internal jugular from lateral surface gland

61
Q

where does the inferior thyroid v drain to

A

drain thyroid gland, esophagus larynx, and trachea into R and L brachiocephalic vv

62
Q

If inferior thyroid vv fuse together where do they drain

A

L brachiocephalic

63
Q

What nodes are included in lymph drainage of thyroid

A

pre-laryngeal, pre-tracheal and para-tracheal and superior/inferior deep cervical

64
Q

all lymph from thyroid gland eventually drains where

A

deep cervical nodes

65
Q

what fibers inn thyroid gland

A

preganglionic SAN from T1-4
postganglionic SAN from superior middle and cervicothoracic ganglia via sympathetic cardiac nn, superior and infeiror laryngeal nn

66
Q

What are the Parathyroid glands

A

2-6 small flattened bodies located beneath capsule of thyroid gland
superiorly at circoid cartilage and inferiorly at inferior pole of gland

67
Q

What is secreted by parathyroid glands

A

PTH which helps to increase serum Ca

68
Q

Inadvertent removal of parathyroid gland leads to what

A

tetany and death

69
Q

how much of the trachea is considered the cervical portion

A

half

70
Q

what encloses the tracheal rings posteriorly

A

trachealis m

71
Q

what inn trachealis m

A

SAN from trunk

PAN from vagus and recurrent laryngeal nn

72
Q

what lays posterior to trachea

A

esophagus and recurrent laryngeal nn

73
Q

what aa and vv supply trachea

A

infeiror thryoid aa and vv

74
Q

what is the lymph drainage of trachea

A

pre-tracheal, para-tracheal, inferior deep cervical

75
Q

which way does the esophagus incline as it descends through neck

A

left

76
Q

what layrs lateral to the esophagus

A

thyroid gland, carotid sheatha nd thoracic duct on the left

77
Q

what lays posterior to the esophagus

A

pre-vertebral fascia over pre-vertebral mm and vertebral column

78
Q

what is the aa and vv to esophagus

A

inferior thyroid aa and vv

79
Q

lymph drainage of esophagus

A

paratracheal and inferior deep cervical nodes

80
Q

what inn esophagus

A

SAN from trunk, both vasomotor and glandular

PAN recurrent laryngeal for muscular tone and glandular

Neuro I (9 decks)

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