Neck and Thoracic spine assessment and pathology Flashcards

1
Q

What is normal cervical extension?

A

0-80 degrees

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2
Q

What is normal cervical flexion?

A

0-45-50 degrees

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3
Q

What is normal lateral rotation

A

0-40 degrees

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4
Q

Flexing head forward can free up….?

A

Intervertebral foramen

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5
Q

Where does 60% of rotation in the cervical region come from?

A

Atlantoaxial joints

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6
Q

Where does 40% of rotation in the cervical region come from?

A

The lower cervical vertebrae’s (below C1)

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7
Q

What cervical movements happen during neck retraction?

A

Upper region flexes, lower region extends

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8
Q

What cervical movements happen during neck protraction?

A

Lower region flexes, upper region extends

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9
Q

What are the 4 main ligaments in the neck?

A

Alar
Apical
Tectorial membrane
Cruciform ligament

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10
Q
What functions do the
Alar
Apical
Tectorial membrane
Cruciform ligament
do?
A

Alar - limits ipsilateral head rotation and contralateral side bending
Apical - limits separation of dens from occiput
Tectorial membrane - limits forward flexion
Cruciform - maintains contact between dens and anterior arch of atlas

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11
Q

If a patient reports diffuse nonspecific neck pain exacerbated by neck movements, what could it be?

A

Mechanical neck pain, cervical facet syndrome, cervical muscle strain or sprain

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12
Q

If a patient reports pain in certain postures that are alleviated by positional changes, what could it be?

A

Upper crossed postural syndrome

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13
Q

If a patient reports traumatic mechanism of injury with complaint of nonspecific cervical symptoms that are exacerbated in the vertical positions and relieved with the head supported in the supine position, what could it be?

A

Cervical instability

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14
Q

If a patient reports nonspecific neck pain with numbness and tingling into one upper extremity, what could it be?

A

Cervical radiculopathy

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15
Q

If a patient reports neck pain with bilateral upper extremity symptoms with occasional reports of loss of balance or lack or co-ordination of the lower limbs, what could it be?

A

Cervical myelopathy

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16
Q

How can zygapophyseal join pain be described?

A

Stiffness, pain in extension, pain in rotation, shoulder pain

17
Q

Explain how whiplash causes neck pain? and what structure is affected?

A

Hyperextension of the neck and head. Stretch and tear longus capitis and colli

18
Q

If a patient is lying down, can lift their head up but can’t tuck their chin. What is the likely cause of this?

A

Deep neck flexor issue

19
Q

What four categories exist in upper cross syndrome?

A

Inhibited neck flexors, inhibited rhomboids and serratus anterior, tight pectorals and tight upper traps and levator scapula

20
Q

A protracted position in upper cross syndrome places stress on which muscles?

A

Levator scapula and semispinalis capitis muscles

21
Q

What is thoracic outlet syndrome?

A

Compression of the neurovascular structures running from the neck to the arm pit through the thoracic outlet