Neck and oral cavity Flashcards
Location of the oral cavity
- Located inferior to the nasal cavities and is continuous with both the nasal cavities superiorly and the pharynx inferiorly, as well as opening onto the face
What are the arches of oral cavity
- Palatoglossal arch
- Palatopharyngeal arch - uvula
What muscles form the floor of the cavity
- Mylohyoid
- Geniohyoid
What divides the left and right sides of the tongue
- Frenulum
What are the divisions of the tongue
- Anterior two thirds(oral)
- Posterior third(pharyngeal)
Demarked by a V shaped sulcus(terminal sulcus)
What covers the tongue and have taste buds on their surface
- Fungiform papillae
- Filiform papillae(have no taste buds)
- Vallate papillae
- Foliate papillae
What are the intrinsic muscles of the tongue
- Longitudinal
- Transverse and vertical
Purpose of intrinsic muscles of the tongue
Create precision movements for speech, eating and swallowing
What are the extrinsic muscles of the tongue
- Genioglossus
- Hyoglossus
- Styloglossus
- Palatoglossus
Action of the genioglossus
- Depresses and protrudes tongue
Action of the hyoglossus
- Depresses tongue
Action of the styloglossus
- Retracts tongue
Action of the palatoglossus
- Elevates back of tongue and depresses soft palate
Arterial and venous supply of the tongue
- Lingual arteries and lingual veins
What nerve is responsible for taste and general sensation from the pharyngeal part of the tongue?
- Special afferent(taste) glossopharyngeal( CNIX)
What nerve is responsible for general sensory innervation from the anterior two-thirds or oral part of tongue
- lingual nerve
- Is a major branch of the mandibular(v3)
- (chorda tympani VII also joins)
What does the lingual nerve also innervate
- General sensation from the mucosa on the floor of the oral cavity and gingiva associated with the lower teeth
- The lingual nerve also carries parasympathetic and taste fibers from the oral part of the tongue that are part of the facial nerve[vii)
What nerve is responsible for carrying taste from the oral part of the tongue into the CNS
- Facial nerve(VII)
- Special sensory fibers of the facial nerve leave the tongue and oral cavity as part of the lingual nerve
- The fibers then enter the chorda tympani nerve, which is a branch of the facial nerve that joins the lingual nerve in the infratemporal fossa
What is the one muscle of the tongue that is not innervated by the hypoglossal nerve[XII]
- Palatoglossus muscle, which is innervated by the vagus nerve
Innervation for the parotid gland
- CN IX to aid digestion
Innervation of submandibular and sublingual salivary glands
- CNVII via submandibular ganglion
What is the larynx
- Specialised organ that provides a protective sphincter for the air passages and produces phonation
What are the cartilages that make up the larynx
- Thyroid
- Cricoid
- Arytenoid
- Cuneiform
- Corniculate
- Epiglottis
What are the two most important ligaments of the larynx
- Vestibular
- Vocal
Innervation of the larynx
- Sensory and motor from the vagus via the superior laryngeal branch and recurrent laryngeal branch
Blood supply of the larynx
- Upper half by the superior thyroid artery
- Lower half by inferior thyroid artery
What is the pharynx
- Most posterior part of the neck, situated behind the nasal cavity and the larynx
- It’s a funnel shaped tube
What are the three sections of the pharynx
- Nasopharynx
- Laryngopharynx
- Oropharynx
What are the muscles of the pharynx?
Three constrictors
- Superior
- Middle
- Inferior
innervation of the pharynx
- Motor via vagus, except stylopharyngeus - CN9
- Sensory via V2, CN9 and CN10
Type of innervation provided by hypoglossal
- Motor to intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue
Type of innervation provided by ix
sensory(somatic), special sensory(taste), motor and visceral
Type of innervation provided by X
Sensory, taste, visceral sensory, motor and visceral motor
Path of cranial nerve X
Rootlets from medulla, through jugular foramen continues in carotid sheath, branches into head and thorax
sensory innervation by x
from larynx, dura mater
taste innervation by x
epiglottis and pharynx
visceral sensory by x
aortic bodies, aortic arch chemoreceptors, bronchi, heart, lungs, midgut and foregut
motor innervation by x
Palatoglossus, muscles of pharynx and larynx
visceral motor innervation by x
- As part of parasympathetic to smooth muscle in glands in pharynx, larynx, thoracic viscera, foregut and midgut
