Neck Anatomy Q6

Question 1

Where is the platysma muscle located?

Answer 1

Within the superficial cervical fascia. This is the outer layer of skin mainly fat.

Question 2

ID fascia layers:

Answer 2

Red= Investing fascia

Purple= Muscular pretracheal faschia (covers Infrahyoid m.)

Blue= Visceral pretracheal fascia (covers thyroid)

Green= Buccopharyngeal fascia

Orange= Prevertebral fascia (covers deep cervical, levator scapulae, ant. middle and posterior scalene, and longus coli muscles)

Question 3

ID area and why it is so critical.

Answer 3

Green= Retropharyngeal spce

Purple= Alar space

Red= Alar fascia

Yellow= Sympathetic trunk.

Critical because infection can enter spaces via oral cavity it can then spread to mediastinum.

Question 4

ID structures:

Answer 4

Brown= carotid sheath

Blue= Internal jugular vein

Red= Common carotid artery

Yellow= Vagus n.

Question 5

ID nerves:

Answer 5

Note, greater auricular, transverse cervical and supraclavicular are cutaneous.

Question 6

Where is the carotid sinus and body found? What are their functions? Which nerve are they connected to?

Answer 6

Found at the bifurcation of internal and external carotid arteries. Carotid sinus resposible for baroreceptors. Carotid body is chemoreceptors such as O₂, CO₂, pH, and temp regulation. Connected to cranial nerver IX.

Question 7

ID blood vessels of ECA:

Answer 7

Question 8

What does the superior thyroid artery supply blood to?

Answer 8

Ant. strap muscles, thyroid cartilage, larynx, thyroid gland, sternocleidomastoid.

Question 9

What does the asc. pharyngeal artery supply blood to?

Answer 9

Pharyngeal muscles, inner tympanic region, posterior meningeal artery.

Question 10

What does the lingual artery supply blood to?

Answer 10

Oral cavity and floor, tongue, epiglottis, sublingual glands.

Question 11

What does the facial artery supply blood to?

Answer 11

Superior facial muscles, infraorbital, superior and inferior labial, inferior alveolar, submental.

Question 12

What does that occipital artery supply blood to?

Answer 12

Suboccipital muscles, dorsal muscles, skin and scalp.

Question 13

What does the posterior auricular artery supply blood to?

Answer 13

Most inner/middle ear and posterolateral scalp.

Question 14

ID branches of internal jugular vein:

Answer 14

Note, joins with subclavian to form brachiocephaic vein.

Question 15

ID vessels of external jugular vein:

Answer 15

Note, joins into subclavian vein.

Question 16

What are the two anastamoses of the face and where do they drain to?

Answer 16

Retromandibular vein allows blood to flow through external or internal jugular vein. Pterygoid plexus allows blood to drain into cavernous sinus.

Question 17

Sternocleidomastoid muscle is innervated by what?

Answer 17

CN XI

Question 18

What innervated the digastric muscle?

Answer 18

Anterior belly is CN V (3) and posterior belly is CN VII

Question 19

What innervates the stylohyoid muscle?

Answer 19

Facial nerve CN VII

Question 20

What innervates the mylohyoid muscle?

Answer 20

CN V (3)

Question 21

What innervates the infrahyoid muscles?

Answer 21

ansa cervicalis.

Question 22

Where does the anterior plexus emmerge from on the scalene muscle?

Answer 22

Between anterior and middle branches.

Question 23

What are the borders of the anterior and posterior triangles of the neck?

Answer 23

SCM borders posterior of anterior border and trapezius boarders posterior line of posterior triangle.

Question 24

What triangle does the external jugular vein and cervical plexus emerge from?

Answer 24

Posterior triangle.

Question 25

What makes up the roof and floor of the posterior triangle?

Answer 25

Roof is deep investing fascia, floor is prevertebral fascia.

Question 26

ID triangle and strutures found here:

Name the three other muscles in posterior triangle.

Answer 26

Interscalene triangle. Anterior scalene m. Brachial plexus. Middle scalene m

Slpenius capitis m, Lev. scap. m., and posterior scalene muscle. NOTE part of occipital triangle.

Question 27

What are the arteries of the posterior triangle? Where does it branch off?

Answer 27

Thyrocervical trunk which divides into suprascapular artery and transver. cerv. artery. The thyrocervical trunk branches off of the subclavian artery.

Question 28

What are the 4 “sub” triangles of the anterior triangle?

Answer 28

Muscular, submental, submandibular, carotid.

Question 29

What are the borders of the muscular triangle?

Answer 29

Superior belly of omohyoid, midline and SCM.

Question 30

What are the borders of the submental triangle?

Answer 30

Anterior digastric on either side and hyoid bone.

Question 31

What are the borders of the submandibular triangle?

What 4 important structures are located here?

Answer 31

Anterior digastric, posterior digatric, and mandible.

Submandibular gland, submandibular lymph nodes, lingual and facial arteries, and hypoglossal nerve CN XII

Question 32

What are the borders of the carotid triangle?

What are some important structures found here?

Answer 32

Superior omohyoid, posterior digastric, and SCM.

Common, external, and internal arteries, internal jugular vein, CN IX, X, XI, XII, and some cervical plexus.

Question 33

What is in the visceral triangle?

Answer 33

Thyroid/parathyroid, trachea, esophagus.

Question 34

What arteryies serve the thyroid gland?

What is it innervated by?

Answer 34

Superior and inferior thyroid arteries. Inferior is branch of thyrocervical trunk.

Superior laryngeal nerve and recurrent laryngeal nerve

Question 35

What is the first branch off the subclavian artery?

Answer 35

Vertegral artery that runs through transverse foramina.

Question 36

Where does the thoracic duct drain?

Answer 36

Into the brachiocphalic vein