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Gross Anatomy > Digestive System Q4 > Flashcards

Digestive System Q4 Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the greater and lesser omentum located?

A

Greater omentum extends off the greater curvature of the stomach and the lesser extends from the lesser curvature of the stomach to the liver.

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2
Q

What type of peritoneum does the omentum fall under?

A

Mesentery.

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3
Q

What is the hole that connects the greater and lesser sacs and where is it located?

A

It is the omental bursa and located in the lesser omentum.

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4
Q

What are the three classes of organs and define them.

A

Intraperitoneal- Covered in peritoneum, associated with mesentery Primary retroperitoneal- Develops and stays behind the peritoneum Secondary retroperitoneal- originates within but emerges back into peritoneum.

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5
Q

What are some examples of organs that are intraperitoneal?

A

Stomach, jejunum, ileum, some of the duodenum, spleen, liver, gallbladder, vermiform appendix, some large intestine(transverse & sigmoid).

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6
Q

What are some examples of organs that are primary retroperitoneal?

A

Kidneys and suprarenal glands.

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7
Q

What are some examples of organs that are secondary retroperitoneal?

A

Duodenum(descending & horizontal), pancreas, colon(ascending & descending), rectum.

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8
Q

Review structures

A
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9
Q

Review the structures hepatogastric ligament, hepatoduodenal ligament and epiploic foramen.

A
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10
Q

What are the three structures making the portal triad? Where are they located?

A

Bile duct, portal vein, proper hepatic artery. Located just inferior to the liver.

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11
Q

ID structures.

A
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12
Q

What does the duodenum release and what are the substances used for?

What are the 4 parts and where are they located in relation to the peritoneum?

A

Bile for lipid digestion, bicarbonate for acid neutralization, and pancreatic enzymes for digestion all released from the ampulla of vater or major duodenal papilla.

Superior, descending, horizontal, and ascending. Desending and horizontal are secondary retroperitoneal and the superior and ascending are intraperitoneal.

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13
Q

What is the portal triad and what struture does it travel through?

A

It is the bile duct, portal vein, and proper hepatic artery that corse through the hepatoduodenal ligament.

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14
Q

Where does the majority of nutrient absorption take place?

A

Jejunum and illeum.

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15
Q

What part of the small intestine is located closer to the stomach and which part is located closer to the large intestine?

How can you tell them apart on the interior?

A

Jejunum is closer to the stomach and illeum is closer to the large intestine.

On the interior the jejunum has large circular folds and the illeum has peyers patches.

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16
Q

What is the primary function of the large intestine?

A

Water absorption.

17
Q

What is the purpose of the gallbladder?

A

Storage and concentration of bile.

18
Q

ID structures

A
19
Q

What is the function of the spleen?

A

Removes blood cells and immune functions.

20
Q

Where are the adrenal glands located?

A

On top of the kidneys.

21
Q

What does the duodenum release? also name the 4 parts and where they are located in the peritoneum.

A

It releases bile for lipid digestion, bicarbonate for acid neutralization and pancreatic enzymes for digestion. The four parts are superior, descending, horizontal and ascending. Superior and ascending are intraperitoneal while descending and horizontal are secondary retroperitoneal.

22
Q

What are the 4 lobes of the liver?

A

Right, left, caudate, and quadrate.

23
Q

What is the bare surface of the liver? What is covering it to make it bare?

A

It is the superior area and it is where the diaphragm sits.

24
Q

What is the structures contained in the foregut, midgut, and hindgut? What are the main branches that supply blood to them?

A

Remeber ED & JT are DR.

Foregut: Esophagus to Duodenum. Celiac trunk

Midgut: Jejunum to Transverse colon SMA

Hindgut: Descending colon to Rectum. IMA

25
Q

ID arteries

A
26
Q

ID Arteries

A

Remember the SMA is just inferior to celiac trunk.

27
Q

Where does the horizontal duodenum travel in relation to the SMA?

A

Under.

28
Q

ID Arteries

A
29
Q

List and describe the 3 areas of anastomoses in the gut.

A

1-Marginal artery of drummond. This is where the IMA and SMA blood are able to intermingle. It is and artery that isnt fed by any branch. 2- Watershed at the left colic flexure. This is where the middle colic arteries from SMA and left colic arteries from IMA are able to interact. 3- Middle and inferior rectal arteries coming from the internal iliac artery.

30
Q

ID arteries

A

internal iliac feeds rectum and inguinal region while external feeds legs.

31
Q

What are the 2 paths for venous drainage in the gut area?

A

Caval or systemic and the Portal. Systemic is drianage that is NOT part of the GI tract and will go through the inferior vena cava.

32
Q

ID vessels and indicate which path

A

Systemic system. It will enter the IVC because not GI.

33
Q

ID veins and indicate which path

A

Note that they are part of GI so portal system

34
Q

Explain how a patient might have esophageal varices, internal hemorrhoids, or caput medusa. (gut, butt, caput)

A

Each of these will happen due to blockages in the hepatic portal vein. Esophageal from backing up in gastric vein to esophageal vein dumping into azygos vein. Hemorrhoids form backing up in the splenic, down IMV, superior rectal vein, into IIL, CIV, and dumping into IVC. Caput from paraumbilical into epigastric veins, femoral vein, EIV, CIV and into IVC.

35
Q

What is a distal splenorenal shunt?

A

Procedure that connects the splenic vein and left renal vein to help with drainage into the IVC bypassing the block portal vein.

Gross Anatomy (9 decks)

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