NCD, Infectious Bronchitis Flashcards
An acute rapidly spreading respiratory disease characterized by harsh breathing, coughing, sneezing, and often followed by nervous manifestation.
Newcastle Disease
Which animals are most affected by NCD?
Chicken and turkeys
Name the domestic poultry least susceptible to NCD
Waterfowl
Give the morbidity and mortality of NCD.
Morbidity - 100%
Mortality - 50% (up to 90% in young birds)
Countries endemic of virulent newcastle disease strains
Most of Asia, Africa, Mexico and some countries of South America
Which countries are NCD-free?
US, Canada
Newcastle disease is caused by virulent strains of?
avian paramyxovirus type 1 (APMV-1)
Newcastle disease is primarily characterized as a(n):
a) Chronic bacterial infection.
b) Acute rapidly spreading respiratory disease.
Acute rapidly spreading respiratory disease
The causative agent of Newcastle disease is a virulent strain of:
Avian paramyxovirus type 1 (APMV-1)
Virulent Newcastle disease viruses (vNDVs) were previously classified as?
Velogens and mesogens
What is the most common route of Newcastle disease transmission?
Direct contact with infected birds
A characteristic digestive sign that may be observed in birds with Newcastle disease
Greenish, watery diarrhea
A common post-mortem lesion often seen in birds infected with Newcastle disease
Proventricular hemorrhages
A key strategy for preventing Newcastle disease in poultry flocks is
Vaccination with live, attenuated vaccine
T/F. Chickens and turkeys are generally more susceptible to Newcastle disease than waterfowl.
True
T/F. Morbidity rates in Newcastle disease outbreaks can reach up to 50%.
False
What is the mortality percentage of NCD?
50% (90% in young birds)
What is the morbidity percentage of NCD?
100%
T/F. Lentogenic strains of Newcastle disease virus are highly virulent and cause reportable infections.
False
T/F. Airborne transmission is not a significant route for the spread of Newcastle disease.
False
2 most important control of NCD in poultry farms
Vaccination
Early Detection
Poultry flock affected with _____ may show high mortality, acute onset with various respiratory and gastrointestinal lesions.
Newcastle Disease
What are the other signs of NCD in poultry?
- Sudden death
- Decreased activity
- Ruffled feathers
- Drop in egg production in laying birds
Name carriers of NDV
- Free-living birds
- Imported exotic psittacine birds
What is the incubation period of NDV?
4-6 days
Clinical signs of NDV may appear as early as _____ days and as late as _____ days postinfection.
2, 15
Which strain of NDV is low virulence widely used as live vaccines?
Lentogens
A highly contagious respiratory disease of chickens characterized by rapid spread, respiratory signs without nervous system involvement.
Infectious bronchitis (IB)
This viral disease causes reduced egg production with potential kidney damage affecting chickens of all ages.
Infectious bronchitis (IB)
What is the morbidity rate for flocks affected by infectious bronchitis?
100%
Poultry subclinically infected with IBV
Pheasants
Peafowl
Naturally IBV infected chickens and those vaccinated with live IBV can shed virus intermittently for up to ______ after infection.
20 weeks
How many days does IBV peak excretion from the respiratory tract lasts after infection?
3-5 days
Incubation period of IBV
24-48 hours
Common pathologic sign of IBV
Air sacculitis
Which viral disease is associated with false layer syndrome or cystic oviduct?
Infectious bronchitis
The complexity of controlling Infectious Bronchitis is significantly increased by the fact that?
Different antigenic types of IBV fail to provide cross-protection, necessitating region-specific vaccination strategies.
While cloudy air sacculitis is a common pathologic sign in Infectious Bronchitis, its presence is NOT solely indicative of IBV infection because?
Air sacculitis can be a secondary complication of other respiratory pathogens
The “false layer syndrome” associated with certain IBV strains is characterized by?
Failure of pullets to reach sexual maturity and initiate egg production due to oviduct damage
True or False. Infectious Bronchitis Virus has a broad host range, causing significant respiratory disease in various avian species beyond chickens.
False
True or False. Chickens that recover from infection with one antigenic type of IBV are typically fully protected against subsequent infection with a different antigenic type.
False
True or False. The presence of excessive mucus in the trachea is a pathognomonic (uniquely diagnostic) lesion for Infectious Bronchitis.
False
True or False. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) can be used to both detect and type the Infectious Bronchitis Virus.
True
True or False. Killed (inactivated) IBV vaccines provide a broader spectrum of protection against different IBV types compared to live vaccines.
False
True or False. The “false layer syndrome” is a direct result of the respiratory distress caused by Infectious Bronchitis in young pullets.
False
