Nazi control and dictatorship Flashcards
Dutch communist blamed for Reichstag fire
Marinus van der Lubbe
German election 1933
5/03, 1 week after reichstag fire
1933 election results
nazi 43.9%
DNVP 7.9%
coallition
enabling act
23/03/33
444 to 94
14/07/33
all political parties banned except from nazis
Trade Unions
May 1933:
leaders arrested and sent to concentration camps, unions banned in replacement came the DAF
the night of long knives
30/06/34, SS led by Himmler purge the SSA, 400 members killed including Rohm, All internal opposition dead. Von Schleicher killed
night of long knives reason
General Werner Von Bloomer agreed to support nazis so long as SA’s power shrunk.
Hindenburg death
August 1934, hitler officialy fuhrer
a Gauletier
a nazi trusted by Hitler to run a province of Germany,
law for reconstruction of the reich
Hitler had total control of local governments
Gleichschaltung
control through force
Nazi control on legal system
trials by jury removed
judges had to join national socialist league for maintenance of law
Judges had to rule in the Nazis favour
Peoples court in berlin
tried political criminals who opposed Hitler. Most found guilty.
Gestapo
set up by Goering in 1933
led by Heydrich in 1934
Secret police
50,000 members
SS
Set up in 1925
Led by Himmler
Black uniforms
controlled police and concentration camps
SD
Hitler’s security service
set up by Himmler in 1931 and led by Reinhard Heydrich
Gestapo employees
32,000 full time. 200,000 informants casual
1933 german christians
20 mill catholics
40 mill protestants
leader of new nazi church
Ludwig Muller, reichsbischof
changes in reichs church
old testament stopped, asssciated wiht jews
banned non pure aryan ministers
‘the swastika is on our chest and the cross in our hearts
Confessional church
founded in 1934
led by Niemoller
6,000 churches
The concordat
July 1933
Pope agrees with Hitler who in turn allows catholic schools and churches in exchange for no meddling in politics
1937 Pope
with burning anxiety released
Hitler betrayed concordat and shut down churches and youth groups
Military parade
annual Nuremberg rally
Nazi sporting showcase
1936 Berlin Olympics
1944 Nazi control
80% of german newspapers
architect Hitler preffered
Albert Speer, created key buildings
architecture modelled after Roman and Greek granduer
Music
jewish banned
Beethoven encouraged
‘Degenerate’ jazz music banned
Books
had to be approved by chamber of culture
Film
scripts had to be approved by Goebells himself
Propaganda shown pre films in cinemas
Successful Opposition
van Galen, a catholic cardinal made Hitler stop mentally disabled euthenisation.
religious sent to camps
800 protestant pastors
400 Catholic priests sent to Dachau
execution
Dietrich Bonhoffer executed post assassination attempt
Edelweiss pirates
youth group in Rhineland
2,000 by 1939
grafitti/songs
swing youth
wealthier people
jazz music
thousands attended illegal dances
Edelweiss WW2
1942: 700 arrested
1944: 12 publicly hanged in Cologne
Jazz listeners
sent to concentration camps
white rose
during ww2
founded by Hans and Sophie scholl in munich university
exposed atrocities
1943 both executed after a public protest
The july plot
1944, most public insurgent event
Op Valkyrie
Count Stauffenberg of the army
murdered along with 5,746 others, 19 generals and 26 colonels
art
The Nazis wanted their art to be very different to the ‘degenerate’ style of modern art that was popular in the Weimar period.
Joseph Goebbels
minister of public enlightenment and propaganda
repression
fight back against protests
