Arab Israeli topic 2 Flashcards
3 consequences of Cairo Conference
The 3 developments from the conference were:
- Headwater Diversion Plan. Syria and Lebanon would divert 2/3 sources of the River Jordan to prevent them flowing into the Sea of Galilee. This was to stop Israel channelling fresh water to new settlements. Started in 1965
- PLO was set up. Was responsible for all Palestinians in refugee camps. Also set up PLA (an army for Palestinians)
- Nasser’s leadership of Arab world was confirmed.
PLA numbers 1964
12,000, unthreatening
1st January 1965
Arafat, Fatah first military operation, attempted bomving of water carrier, failed, immense populatiry and syrian support.
Egypt Syria 1966
Pact saying if either state was attacked by Israel the other would help
Samu Raid
November 1966
Consequence of 11/11/66 Israeli policemen land mine
Samu, encouter with soldiers, 1 israeli, 15 jordanians dead
Samu consequences
Eshkol criticised, USA angry at loss of Jordan diplomacy, King Hussein negative
April 1967
Dogfight, 1 Israeli Tractor gunned in golan heights, 6 syrian planes destroyed as a consequence
6 day war causes
Syria harbour and support Fatah, Nasser though IDF was amassing troops at syrian border by USSR, forced to prepare to act. 23/05.67, Nasser closes straits of tiran and reduces israeli trade and oil gathering ability, demanding reallowal of palestinian refugees
6 day war
5/06/67 - 10/06/67
Eshkol vs Nasser and al-Atassi
Israel pre emptive attack, destroys air force and occupy gaza strip.
Cross Sinai and destroy egyptian tanks and fully take Sinai and suez canal
ends in UN forced ceasefire
6 day war consequences
UN Resolution 242 - Israel must withdraw from occupied territories in exchange for Arab recognition rejected, palesyinian ‘problem’
Suez crisis
Canal blocked
Egypt not allowed to clear it as they did not allow israeli use
Israeli occupied territories
350% bigger, resources for growinf population, security from enemies, jerusalem great religious importance although insurgency was growinf in the refions
West bank fertile nbut 600,000 palestinians
PFLP attacks and policy
Global attacks would bring most attention to the Palestine issue.
Dawson’s field - sep 1970 four PFLP prisoners freed
Fatah Attacks may 1970
9 children dead, 3 adults
Fatah blow up school bus after new found members and equipment.
Israel retaliate by destroying base in Jordan with 15,000 soldiers.
Jordan helped defend Fatah.
5,000 new members despite loss
boosted Arafat reputation PLO chairman 1969
PLO expulsion
Black September 1970
2000 palestinian fighters dead
Israel retalliation and King Hussein overthrowing
full expulsion to Lebanon by July 1971
Nasser death and successor
28/09/1970
Anwar Sadat
1970 USSR Egypt
15,000 soviet advisors and Soviet pilots.
despite USA organised ceasefire august, no peace
Sadat aim and first beginnings
His aim was to restore Egypt’s economy and to rebuild destroyed cities by cutting down on military spending and opening the Suez Canal
Offered resolution 242
Kicked out soviet’s to please USA and pressure israel.
Decided threatening only way to achieve peace.
Israeli control occupied territories
Golda Meir built Bar Lev line around suez, wall and mine field
golan heights defence
In East Jerusalem, 135 houses were demolished near the Wailing Wall to make way from a Jewish prayer area. In the West Bank and Gaza Palestinians were allowed to govern themselves but under military control. Check points were built to control movement of Palestinians.
confiscated land and given to jews, 100,000 palestinian evicted and 27 new jewish settlements
Yom Kippur War
6/10/73
Golda Meir vs Sadat and al-Assad
2pm egyptian surprise atack on Sinai while Syria attack golan heights.
23,000 egyptian troops
60,000 syrian troops, 1200 tanks vs 400 troops, 170 tanks
Golan Heights made a priority, with superior tanks they fought to do this trhough the 8th
on the 10th, syria began to retreat, Israel pushed into Syria, threatening Damascus.
Sadat pushed into the Sinai to divert Syrian defence and force negotiation
left vulnerable to airstrikes.
260 egyptian tanks destroyed compared to 20 israel
Egypt retreat to canal by the 15th and leave 100,000 troops defending.
15/10, USA aid arrives to Israel who could begin a heavy offensive.
tanks crossed canal and destroyed surface to air missiles, allowing airforce involvment.
Israel now almost fully controlled the west bank by the 15th.
23rd, Sadat agrees to Ceasefire as army stands surrounded and running low on supplies.
Israel continue offensive and more serious offences require international intervention
28/10/73 - war ends
Partly ended by embargo forcing US intervention
Consequences of Yom Kippur - Israel
new land
demonstrated armed prowess
9500 soldiers taken out
showed reliance on USA
relied on opposition tactical errors
government blamed for lack of readiness
Golda Meir resignation and successor
Year after Yom Kippur directly related
Yitzhak Rabin
Consequences of Yom Kippur - Egypt and Syria
30,000+ casualties, SAM bases lost aswell as jets,tanks etc
Suez even more unusable
demonstrated militaristic failure
Golan Heights still Israeli
No change for palestinians
focus on relations between countries not refugee issue
Strengthened country’s relationship
brief showcase that israel IS beatable
overran Bar Lev line
Forced Israel into reliance on USA
Strong arab pride in military abilities
Sadat worthy Nasser replacement
Consequences of Yom Kippur - USA and USSR
almost sucked into nuclear war
