Nazi 1.4 Flashcards
What was the nazi view of women?
Nazis adopted the slogan, kinder , kuche, kirche, they wanted women to cook and clean and produce good Nazis for Germany
Why rewards and concessions were given to encourage people?
- Couples were given marriage loans if they were fit and racially acceptable
- Help with school fees and transport fares were given to families but after an interview the unsuitable were eliminated
- Suitable poor families were given up to RM100 for each child
What was the Lebensborn programme 1936
- it was run by a branch of SS
- Its aim was to produce healthy aryan children
Selected men of the SS were encouraged to mate with as many different racially pure young women as possible. These children were then adopted by fit Germans who had trouble conceiving
What was the impact of nazi policies on women?
large numbers of women lost their jobs, All women who had professional jobs were exchanged for lesser ones
what rewards were given to encourage motherhood?
Wives and mothers had higher levels of health care and status than before, Mothers of soldiers who died were given more support and honored on occasions, Mothers day made a national holiday by Nazis, Nazi orgs monitored mothers to make sure they kept to these standards
What was the impact of WW2 on women ?
- Work for women was encouraged even if they were married
- More child care was provided
- Women going into work was far less than in WW1
Why was women employment significantly low in the Nazi period?
3 reasons:
- Nazi propaganda promoted housewives and motherhood
- Govt didn’t use women for all kinds of war work. They were usually replaced for male teachers
- Germans used foreign labor from conquered lands so women didn’t have to work
What opportunities were women given during the war?
- From oct 1940- women could join the armed forces in auxiliary services
- They did clerical work to free up men to fight
- By 1941, there were not enough women in the auxiliary services so Nazis introed compulsory military service for women 18-32
- due to shortage of men, women were trained to operate anti aircraft guns
What emphasis did Nazis put on education policies?
Huge emphasis, they were they were the future of Nazism- they were a valuable resource to be educated into good Nazis, primary schooos abolished, fee paying schools remaied for pure germans, Students had to join nazi student unions
How did the Nazis control the teachers?
The nazis set up a national socialist teachers league in April 1929, undesirable teachers were purged in april 1933, there were Training courses for Nazi specific Ed
What was in the curriculum?
the most important role for schools was teaching loyalty to Hitler and Germany, racial purity and physical fitness, sports filled up 15% of curriculum, booklets and subjects focused on aryanism, racial purity and eugenics and motherhood for girls
What was the hitler youth movement?
It was separate for boys and girls.
- Boys joined the ‘little folk’ aged 6, ‘youngsters’ at 10, then the Hitler youth at 17-20
- Girls joined the ‘little girl’ at 10, then ‘faith and beauty’ at 17 -20
- they were encouraged to report anything anyone said against Nazism
What kind of culture was censored?
Jewish authors were see as unsound, Art, music and theatre was censored, Anything that encouraged individualism or discouraged conformity was unsound
mags , newspapers and radio were censored
- 10 may 1933- Nazis organised book burnings
What culture was promoted?
Nationalist, approachable and realistic art was acceptable
Goebbels set up the RKK to control all arts which conveyed the right message
what were the different types of cultural things they promoted?
There were strength through joy trips to the theater, opera art galleries and museums, Art conveyed Nazi propaganda, Sports was encouraged to produce a healthy nation, Festivals and holidays were rearranged around important Nazi dates, Large public buildings were hung with Nazis swastika flags
What was the nazi racial policy?
wanted germany to be racially pure- Aryan germans, Racial purity- by getting rid of the elderly, disabled etc, they believed in the eugenics theory
what was the sterilization programme?
-1st Jan 1934
Doctors had to report anyone who was morally unfit- they were sent to health courts to be sterilized, it was later extended to all ethnic minorities and abortion of the unfit
What did Nazis do to free Germany of Jews?
they didn’t immediately start killing Jews, They began to separate Jews by either removing them from jobs and public places this then turned into laws
What were the Nuremberg race laws?
- 1935
- they were a number of laws that excluded Jews from literally everything
what was some of the discrimination Jews faced? (4)
- A yellow star was put on Jewish owned shops- encouraged violence
- Propaganda urged the idea of marginalizing them including all public places
- It marked Jews as not only different but dirty, dangerous and inhuman
- when transferred to concentration camps they were referred to as cargo
How were Jews initially allowed to leave Germany?
They were allowed to emigrate out but later on it became harder as Nazis were less willing to let them go. they put restrictions on Jews- they were given humiliating tasks like scrubbing the streets on knees
- between 1933-39 450,000 Jews emigrated out
When war came, how did policy towards undesirables change?
became more harsh and brutal, Einsatzgruppen were set up to kill polish leaders- they were either shot or burned alive, by the time they invaded USSR they were committing mass murder
what were Ghettos?
Nazis, poles and polish Jews were an inferior race to Aryans. Those who weren’t shot were put into ghettos. very poor living conditions. The “Strength through joy” org ran bus trips through Ghettos to show people what Jews were like
Concentration camps
Jews were sent here
Camps were full of ‘undesirables’, conditions were appalling
what was the Final Solution?
- It was decided at a conference at Wannesse
- 20 Jan 1942
death camps were set up where people were gassed to death.
