NAVMED P-5041 Flashcards
WHAT IS NAVMED P-5041
TREATMENT OF CHEMICAL AGENT CASUALTIES AND CONVENTIONAL MILITARY CHEMICAL INJURIES
WHAT ARE ALL THE OTHER PUBLICATION NAMES FOR NAVMED P-5041?
- FM 8-285
- NAVMED P-5041
- AFJMAN 44-149
- FMFM 11-11
WHAT IS THE TITLE OF CHAPTER 1 OF NAVMED P-5041
CHAPTER 1 IS THE INTRODUCTION (PART ONE - CHEMICAL AGENT CASUALTIES)
WHEN WAS NAVMED P-5041 RELEASED?
22-DECEMBER-1995
CHEMICAL WARFARE AGENTS ARE ALSO REFERRED TO AS WHAT?
CHEMICAL AGENTS
WHAT DO THE DELIVERY METHODS DO TO TARGETS?
DELIVERY MAY BE ACCOMPLISHED BY MULTIPLE MEANS, CAUSING EXTENSIVE INJURY AND CONTAMINATION.
HOW DO THREAT COMMANDERS REGARD CHEMICAL WEAPONS?
TRADITIONALLY, THREAT COMMANDERS HAVE REGARDED CHEMICAL WEAPONS AS A PART OF THEIR CONVENTIONAL ARSENAL.
WHEN WAS THE CHEMICAL WEAPONS CONVENTION (CWC) SIGNED? BY WHOM?
THE CHEMICAL WEAPONS CONVENTION (CWC), SIGNED BY 130 COUNTRIES IN JANUARY 1993.
WHAT IS THE TIMELINE OF THE CHEMICAL WEAPONS CONVENTION (CWC)?
IT WILL TAKE MANY YEARS TO IMPLEMENT
WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF THE CHEMICAL WEAPONS CONVENTION (CWC)?
TO VERIFY THE DESTRUCTION OF KNOWN CHEMICAL WEAPONS STOCKPILES.
WHAT WERE SOME OF THE COUNTRIES LISTED THAT DID NOT SIGN THE CWC?
SOME COUNTRIES WITH OFFENSIVE CHEMICAL WARFARE PROGRAMS, LIKE NORTH KOREA AND IRAQ, HAVE NOT SIGNED THE CWC.
WILL THERE STILL BE CHEMICAL WEAPONS AFTER THE CWC HAS BEEN IMPLEMENTED AS WRITTEN?
YES - IN SPITE OF THE CWC AND OTHER DIPLOMATIC EFFORTS, CHEMICAL WEAPONS WILL BE AVAILABLE TO THREAT FORCES IN REGIONS U.S. FORCES MAY DEPLOYED.
MANY COUNTRIES HAVE SHOWN CHEMICAL WEAPONS CAN BE EASILY OBTAINED, HOW DOES THIS INCREASE THE COMPLEXITY AND EXTENT OF THE TOTAL THREAT?
EXAMPLE: NONMILITARY ORGANO-PHOSPHATE INSECTICIDE FACTORIES MAY ALSO BE USED TO PRODUCE NERVE AGENTS.
HOW DO THREAT FORCES PREPARE TO OPERATE IN A CHEMICALLY CONTAMINATED ENVIRONMENT?
- MANY THREAT COMBAT VEHICLES (INCLUDING TANKS, RECONNAISSANCE VEHICLES, AND AIRCRAFT) HAVE ORGANIC NBC PROTECTIVE SYSTEMS
- THESE SYSTEMS PROVIDE PERSONNEL PROTECTION FROM THE EFFECTS OF NBC CONTAMINATION ON BATTLEFIELD
AGAINST WHOM ARE CHEMICAL WEAPONS MOST EFFECTIVE?
CHEMICAL WEAPONS ARE MOST EFFECTIVELY EMPLOYED AGAINST UNTRAINED UNPROTECTED TARGETS.
WHAT TARGETS ARE ESPECIALLY VULNERABLE?
CIVILIAN FIXED SITES (AIRFIELD, DEPOTS, CITIES, AND PORTS) ARE ESPECIALLY VULNERABLE.
REGARDING U.S. FORCE OBJECTIVES, WHY WOULD VULNERABLE CIVILIAN FIXED SITES BE ESPECIALLY TARGETED?
THESE SITES MAY BE TARGETED AS PART OF THE PLAN TO DEFEAT U.S. FORCE PROJECTION.
HOW CAN CHEMICAL WEAPONS BE TACTICALLY USED ANYWHERE WITHIN THE RANGE OF OF CURRENT DELIVERY SYSTEMS?
CHEMICAL AGENTS DISPERSED BY MODERN WEAPONS CAN BE TACTICALLY USED ANYWHERE WITHIN THE RANGE OF CURRENT DELIVERY SYSTEMS
ARE CHEMICAL WEAPONS ALWAYS USED BY THEMSELVES?
CHEMICAL AGENTS CAN BE USED IN CONJUNCTION WITH OTHER WEAPONS SYSTEMS OR BY THEMSELVES.
WHAT EFFECTS CAN CHEMICAL AGENTS PRODUCE?
CHEMICAL AGENTS MAY PRODUCE TEMPORARY INCAPACITATING EFFECTS, SERIOUS INJURY, OR DEATH.
HOW MIGHT SABOTEURS AND TERRORISTS USE CHEMICAL AGENTS?
CHEMICAL AGENTS HAVE THE POTENTIAL TO BE USED BY SABOTEURS AND TERRORISTS IN REAR AREAS AGAINST KEY TARGETS AND CIVILIAN POPULATIONS.
WHAT IS THE SCOPE OF CHEMICAL WEAPONS AND WHY?
THE SCOPE OF CHEMICAL WEAPONS IS BROAD BECAUSE IT AIMS AT GROUPS RATHER THAN INDIVIDUALS AND COULD BE DIRECTED AGAINST CIVILIAN POPULATIONS.
WHY ARE THE VAPORS OF CHEMICAL WEAPONS PARTICULARLY DANGEROUS?
VAPORS OF CHEMICAL AGENTS MAY PENETRATE VEHICLES, SHIPS, AIRCRAFT, FORTIFICATIONS, AND BUILDINGS.
HOW ARE THE EFFECTS OF CHEMICAL WEAPONS VAPORS PREVENTED?
SPECIAL DESIGN OF SUCH EQUIPMENT AND/OR STRUCTURES CAN PREVENT CHEMICAL AGENT PENETRATION.
IN ADDITION TO PHYSICAL EFFECTS, HOW CAN CHEMICAL WEAPONS AFFECT A TARGETED FORCE?
THE PRESENCE OR THREAT OF CHEMICAL WEAPONS OPERATIONS CAN CREATE PSYCHOLOGICAL OR PHYSIOLOGICAL PROBLEMS, ADVERSELY AFFECT MORALE, AND REDUCE MILITARY OR CIVILIAN EFFICIENCY.
WHAT COULD BE USED TO DEPLOY A CHEMICAL ATTACK?
CHEMICAL FIRES MAY BE EMPLOYED WITH SMOKE. THEREFORE, FRIENDLY FORCES MUST BE PREPARED FOR CHEMICAL ATTACKS WHEN THE ENEMEY IS EMPLOYING SMOKE MUNITIONS OR PRODUCTION EQUIPMENT.
HOW DOES A SERVICE MEMBER INCREASE THEIR CHANCES FOR SURVIVAL AND RECOVERY?
EACH SERVICE MEMBER MUST APPLY THE PRINCIPLES OF FIRST AID AND DECONTAMINATION CONTAINED IN NAVMED P-5041 TO INCREASE THEIR CHANCES FOR SURVIVAL AND RECOVERY.
CONCERNING CHEMICAL WEAPONS ATTACKS, HOW DO MEDICAL PERSONNEL INCREASE THEIR PATIENT’S AND THEIR OWN CHANCES OF SURVIVAL?
MEDICAL PERSONNEL MUST APPLY THE PRINCIPLES OF FIRST AID, TREATMENT, AND DECONTAMINATION CONTAINED IN THIS MANUAL TO INCREASE THEIR AND THEIR PATIENTS’ CHANCES OF SURVIVAL.
WHEN A CHEMICAL AGENT IS INHALED, HOW IS IT ABSORBED?
WHEN INHALED, GASES, VAPORS, AND AEROSOLS MAY BE ABSORBED BY ANY PART OF THE RESPIRATORY TRACT. ABSORPTION MAY OCCUR THROUGH THE MUCOSA OF THE NOSE AND THE MOUTH AND/OR THE ALVEOLI OF THE LUNGS.
WHEN A CHEMICAL AGENT IS LIQUID OR A SOLID PARTICLE, WHAT IS THE ROUTE THAT IT ENTERS THE BODY?
LIQUID DROPLETS AND SOLID PARTICLES CAN BE ABSORBED BY THE SURFACE OF THE SKIN EYES, AND MUCOUS MEMBRANES.
IN WHAT FORM DOES A CHEMICAL AGENT ENTER THE BODY THROUGH THE INTESTINAL TRACT?
CHEMICAL AGENTS THAT CONTAMINATE FOOD AND DRINK CAN BE ABSORBED THROUGH THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT.
WHAT CORRUPTION OF THE BODY SURFACE PROVIDES AN ROUTE OF ENTRY INTO THE BODY FOR A CHEMICAL AGENT?
WOUNDS OR ABRASIONS ARE PRESUMED TO BE MORE SUSCEPTIBLE TO ABSORPTION THAN THE INTACT SKIN.
HOW ARE CHEMICAL AGENTS CLASSIFIED?
CHEMICAL AGENTS ARE CLASSIFIED BY EITHER THEIR PHYSIOLOGICAL ACTION OR THEIR MILITARY USE.
WHAT TYPE OF CHEMICAL AGENT HAS THE PHYSIOLOGICAL ACTION OF ANTICHOLINESTERASE?
NERVE AGENTS (ANTICHOLINESTERASE) INHIBIT THE CHOLINESTERASE ENZYMES.
WHAT TYPE OF CHEMICAL AGENT IS GA? WHAT IS GA?
NERVE AGENT (ANTICHOLINESTERASE), TABUN.
WHAT TYPE OF CHEMICAL AGENT IS GB? WHAT IS GB?
NERVE AGENT (ANTICHOLINESTERASE), SARIN.
WHAT TYPE OF CHEMICAL AGENT IS GD? WHAT IS GD?
NERVE AGENT (ANTICHOLINESTERASE), SOMAN.
WHAT TYPE OF CHEMICAL AGENT IS GF? WHAT IS GF?
NERVE AGENT (ANTICHOLINESTERASE), GF IS GF (?)
WHAT TYPE OF CHEMICAL AGENT IS V-AGENT? WHAT IS V-AGENT?
NERVE AGENT (ANTICHOLINESTERASE), V-AGENT IS VX (?)
WHEN A NERVE AGENT (ANTIOCHOLINESTERASE) INHIBITS THE CHOLINESTERASE ENZYMES, WHAT HAPPENS WITHIN THE HUMAN BODY?
THE CHOLINESTERASE ENZYMES ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR THE HYDROLYSIS OF ACETYLCHOLINE, A CHEMICAL NEUROTRANSMITTER. THE INHIBITION CREATES AN ACCUMULATION OR ACETYLCHOLINE AT A CHOLINERGIC SYNAPSE THAT DISRUPTS THE NORMAL TRANSMISSION OF NERVE IMPULSES.
WHERE ARE THE CHOLINERGIC SYNAPSES LOCATED?
CHOLINERGIC SYNAPSES ARE LOCATED:
- IN THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
- IN THE NEUROMUSCULAR ENDPLATES OF THE PERIPHERAL VOLUNTARY NERVOUS SYSTEM
- AT THE PARASYMPATHETIC ENDINGS AND SYMPATHETIC PRESYNAPTIC GANGLIA OF THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM.
WHAT TYPE OF CHEMICAL AGENT HAS THE PHYSIOLOGICAL ACTION OF BEING A VESICANT?
BLISTER AGENTS (VESICANTS).
WHAT TYPE OF CHEMICAL AGENT IS H/HD? WHAT IS H/HD?
BLISTER AGENT (VESICANT), SULFER MUSTARD.
WHAT TYPE OF CHEMICAL AGENT IS HN? WHAT IS HN?
BLISTER AGENT (VESICANT), NITROGEN MUSTARD.
WHAT TYPE OF CHEMICAL AGENT IS L? WHAT IS L?
BLISTER AGENT (VESICANT), ARSENICAL (LEWISITE).
WHAT TYPE OF CHEMICAL AGENT IS CX? WHAT IS CX?
BLISTER AGENT (VESICANT), PHOSGENE OXIME.
WHAT PHYSICAL REACTION DO BLISTER AGENTS PRODUCE?
BLISTER AGENTS PRODUCE PAIN AND INJURY TO THE EYES, REDDENING AND BLISTERING OF THE SKIN, AND WHEN INHALED, DAMAGE TO THE MUCOUS MEMBRANES, AND RESPIRATORY TRACT.
WHAT PHYSICAL AGENT DOES MUSTARD SPECIFICALLY PRODUCE?
MUSTARD PRODUCE MAJOR DESTRUCTION OF THE EPIDERMAL LAYER OF THE SKIN.
WHAT TYPE OF CHEMICAL AGENT HAS THE PHYSIOLOGICAL ACTION OF BEING A CHOKING AGENT?
LUNG-DAMAGING AGENTS (CHOKING AGENTS).
WHAT TYPE OF CHEMICAL AGENT IS CG? WHAT IS CG?
LUNG-DAMAGING AGENTS (CHOKING AGENTS), PHOSGENE.
WHAT TYPE OF CHEMICAL AGENT IS DP? WHAT IS DP?
LUNG-DAMAGING AGENTS (CHOKING AGENTS), DIPHOSGENE.
WHAT TYPE OF CHEMICAL AGENT IS CHLORINE? WHAT IS CHLORINE?
LUNG-DAMAGING AGENTS (CHOKING AGENTS), CHLORINE IS CHLORINE (MAYBE Cl?).
WHAT TYPE OF CHEMICAL AGENT IS PS? WHAT IS PS?
LUNG-DAMAGING AGENTS (CHOKING AGENTS), CHLOROPICRIN.
WHAT PHYSICAL AFFECTS DO LUNG-DAMAGING AGENTS HAVE?
LUNG-DAMAGING AGENTS (CHOKING AGENTS) PRODUCE INJURY TO THE LUNGS AND IRRITATION OF THE EYES AND THE RESPIRATORY TRACT. THEY MAY ALSO CAUSE INTRACTALE PULMONARY EDEMA AND PREDISPOSE TO SECONDARY PNEUMONIA.
WHAT TYPE OF CHEMICAL AGENT HAS THE PHYSIOLOGICAL ACTION OF CYANOGENS?
BLOOD AGENTS (CYANOGENS)
WHAT TYPE OF CHEMICAL AGENT IS AC? WHAT IS AC?
BLOOD AGENTS (CYANOGENS), HYDROGEN CYANIDE.
WHAT TYPE OF CHEMICAL AGENT IS CK? WHAT IS CK?
BLOOD AGENTS (CYANOGENS), CYANOGEN CHLORIDE.
WHAT PHYSICAL AFFECTS DO BLOOD AGENTS HAVE?
THE AGENTS ARE TRANSPORTED BY THE BLOOD TO ALL BODY TISSUES WHERE THE AGENT BLOCKS THE OXIDATIVE PROCESSES, PREVENTING TISSUE CELLS FROM UTILIZING OXYGEN. THE CNS IS ESPECIALLY AFFECTED ADN LEADS TO CESSATION OF RESPIRATION FOLLOWED BY CARDIOVASCULAR COLLAPSE.
WHAT CHEMICAL AGENTS HAVE THE MILITARY USE CLASSIFICATION OF TOXIC CHEMICAL AGENTS?
TOXIC CHEMICAL AGENTS PRODUCE SERIOUS INJURY OR DEATH. THEY INCLUDE NERVE AGENTS, BLISTER AGENTS, LUNG-DAMAGING AGENTS (CHOKING AGENTS), AND BLOOD AGENTS.
WHAT CHEMICAL AGENTS HAVE THE MILITARY USE CLASSIFICATION OF INCAPACITATING AGENTS?
INCAPACITATING AGENTS PRODUCE TEMPORARY PHYSICAL OR MENTAL EFFECTS, OR BOTH.
HOW CAN CHEMICAL AGENTS BE DISPERSED?
CHEMICAL AGENTS CAN BE DISPERSED BY EXPLOSIVE SHELLS, ROCKETS, MISSILES, AIRCRAFT BOMBS, MINES, AND SPRAY DEVICES. ALSO, WATER SUPPLIES HAVE TH POTENTIAL FOR CONTAMINATION BY EITHER WATER-SOLUBLE OR MISCIBLE LIQUIDS OR SOLIDS.
CONSIDERING THE STATED DELIVERY METHODS, WHAT CAN OR CANNOT BE CONCLUDED ABOUT A CHEMICAL AGENT?
THE MEANS OF DELIVERY DOES NOT IN ITSELF HELP IN IDENTIFYING CHEMICAL AGENTS. A SPRAY OR CLOUD DELIVERED FROM AN AIRCRAFT OR BY SHELLS AND BOMBS INDICATES A CHEMICAL ATTACK MAYBE TAKING PLACE. IT MUST BE REMEMBERED THAT VAPORS DELIVERED FROM AIRCRAFT MAY NOT BE VISIBLE; ALSO, VAPORS AND SPRAYS MAY BE HIDDEN BY ATMOSPHERIC CONDITIONS.
WHAT IS SOMETHING THAT MAY BE OBSERVED OR DETECTED THAT MAY AID IN THE DETECTION OR IDENTIFICATION OF THE PRESENCE OF A CHEMICAL AGENT?
ODOR. SOME AGENTS HAVE ODORS WHICH MAY AID IN THEIR DETECTION AND IDENTIFICATION, BUT MANY ARE ESSENTIALLY ODORLESS.
HOW MAY THE ODOR OF A CHEMICAL AGENT BE CONCEALED?
THE ODOR OF A CHEMICAL AGENT DELIVERED BY AN EXPLOSIVE SHELL MAY BE CONCEALED BY THE ODOR OF THE BURNING EXPLOSIVE.
HOW MAY THE MIXING OF CHEMICAL AGENTS INCREASE THEIR LETHALITY?
VOMITING AGENTS MAY BE MIXED WITH MORE LETHAL AGENTS TO INDUCE VOMITING AND IRRITATION OF THE RESPIRATORY TRACT. THIS MIXTURE FORCES THE AFFECTED INDIVIDUALS TO BREAK THE SEAL OF THEIR MASKS IN ORDER TO VOMIT, EXPOSING THEM TO THE MORE TOXIC AGENTS IN THE ENVIRONMENT.
HOW MAY THE EARLY DETECTION OF THE ODOR OF A CHEMICAL AGENT INCREASE SURVIVABILITY? WHAT IS WRONG WITH THIS APPROACH?
DETECTION OF A CHEMICAL AGENT ODOR IS ONE INDICATION FOR IMMEDIATELY PUTTING ON THE MASK AND WEARING IT UNTIL THE “ALL CLEAR” SIGNAL IS GIVEN. HOWEVER ODOR ALONE MUST NOT BE RELIED ON FOR DETECTION OR IDENTIFICATION OF A CHEMICAL AGENT. SOME CHEMICAL AGENTS ARE NOT PERCEPTIBLE BY SMELL EVEN ON INITIAL EXPOSURE. CONTINUED EXPOSURE DULLS THE SENSE OF SMELL. EVEN HARMFUL CONCENTRATIONS OF AN ODOR-PRODUCING CHEMICAL AGENT MAY BECOME IMPERCEPTIBLE.
WHAT ARE THE MOST RELIABLE MEANS OF IDENTIFYING A CHEMICAL AGENT?
STANDARD DETECTION DEVICES ARE THE MOST RELIABLE MEANS OF IDENTIFYING A CHEMICAL AGENT.
WHAT ARE THE SHORTFALLS OF USING STANDARD DETECTION METHODS FOR CHEMICAL AGENTS?
USERS SHOULD REMEMBER THAT DETECTION DEVICES INDICATE CONCENTRATIONS IN THEIR IMMEDIATE AREA ONLY. THEY MAY NOT COVER LARGE AREAS AND SHOULD NOT BE THE SOLE MEANS ON WHICH TO BASE CONCLUSIONS ON THE PRESENCE OR ABSENCE OF CHEMICAL AGENTS.
HOW CAN A CHEMICAL AGENT THAT HAS PRODUCED SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS IN EXPOSED PERSONNEL BE IDENTIFIED??
(1) A BRIEF HISTORY BRINGING OUT THE SYMPTOMS THAT HAVE OCCURRED AND THEIR PROGRESSION.
(2) PHYSICAL EXAMINATION OF THE EYES (PUPILS, CONJUNCTIVAL, LIDS) AND SKIN.
(3) OBSERVATION OF RESPIRATION, COLOR OF MUCOUS MEMBRANES, AND GENERAL BEHAVIOR.
WHAT COULD THWART THE IDENTIFICATION OF A CHEMICAL AGENT USED IN AN ATTACK?
IF A MIXTURE OF AGENTS HAS BEEN USED, IDENTIFICATION OF THE AGENTS MAY NOT BE POSSIBLE.
WHAT DOES MOPP STAND FOR?
MISSION-ORIENTED PROTECTIVE POSTURE.
WHAT MAY DICTATE THE ASSUMPTION OF A MINIMUM MOPP LEVEL?
DEPENDING ON THE THEATER OF OPERATIONS, GUIDANCE ISSUED MAY DICTATED THE ASSUMPTION OF A MINIMUM MISSION-ORIENTED PROTECTIVE POSTURE (MOPP) LEVEL.
WHAT DOES MOPP 4 CONSIST OF?
MOPP 4 CONSISTS OF WEARING THE PROTECTIVE OVERGARMENT, MASKE WITH HOOD, GLOVES, AND OVERBOOTS.
UNDER WHAT CONDITIONS IS MOPP LEVEL 4 ASSUMED IMMEDIATELY?
- WHEN THE LOCAL ALARM OR COMMAND IS GIVEN.
- WHEN ENTERING AN AREA KNOWN TO BE OR SUSPECTED OF BEING CONTAMINATED WITH AN NBC AGENT.
- DURING ANY MOTOR MARCH ONCE CHEMICAL WARFARE HAS BEEN INITIATED.
- WHEN CASUALTIES ARE BEING RECEIVED FROM AN AREA WHERE CHEMICAL AGENTS HAVE REPORTEDLY BEEN USED
HOW MANY CONDITIONS ARE THERE WHERE AN INDIVIDUAL WILL ASSUME MOPP 4 IF THEY FIND THEMSELVES ALONE WITHOUT ADEQUATE GUIDANCE?
NINE (9) CONDITIONS.
WHAT IS THE FIRST CONDITION AN INDIVIDUAL WILL ASSUME MOPP 4 IF THEY FIND THEMSELVES ALONE WITHOUT ADEQUATE GUIDANCE?
(1) THEIR POSITION IS HIT BY ARTILLERY, MORTAR FIRE, ROCKET FIRE, OR BY AIRCRAFT BOMBS, AND CHEMCIAL AGENTS HAVE BEEN USED OR THE THREAT OF THEIR USE IS SIGNIFICANT.
WHAT IS THE SECOND CONDITION AN INDIVIDUAL WILL ASSUME MOPP 4 IF THEY FIND THEMSELVES ALONE WITHOUT ADEQUATE GUIDANCE?
(2) THEIR POSITION IS UNDER ATTACK BY AN AIRCRAFT SPRAY.
WHAT IS THE THIRD CONDITION AN INDIVIDUAL WILL ASSUME MOPP 4 IF THEY FIND THEMSELVES ALONE WITHOUT ADEQUATE GUIDANCE?
(3) SMOKE OR MIST OF AN UNKNOWN SOURCE IS PRESENT OR APPROACHING.
WHAT IS THE FOURTH CONDITION AN INDIVIDUAL WILL ASSUME MOPP 4 IF THEY FIND THEMSELVES ALONE WITHOUT ADEQUATE GUIDANCE?
(4) A SUSPICIOUS ODOR, LIQUID, OR SOLID IS PRESENT.
WHAT IS THE FIFTH CONDITION AN INDIVIDUAL WILL ASSUME MOPP 4 IF THEY FIND THEMSELVES ALONE WITHOUT ADEQUATE GUIDANCE?
(5) A CHEMICAL OR BIOLOGICAL ATTACK IS SUSPECTED.
WHAT IS THE SIXTH CONDITION AN INDIVIDUAL WILL ASSUME MOPP 4 IF THEY FIND THEMSELVES ALONE WITHOUT ADEQUATE GUIDANCE?
(6) THEY HAVE ONE OR MORE OF THE FOLLOWING SIGNS/SYMPTOMS:
(A) AN UNEXPLAINED SUDDEN RUNNY NOSE.
(B) A FEELING OF CHOKING OR TIGHTNESS IN THE CHEST OR THROAT.
(C) BLURRING OF VISION AND DIFFICULTY IN FOCUSING THE EYES ON CLOSE OBJECTS.
(D) IRRITATION OF THE EYES (COULD BE CAUSED BY THE PRESENCE OF SEVERAL CHEMICAL AGENTS)
(E) UNEXPLAINED DIFFICULTY IN BREATHING OR INCREASED RATE OF BREATHING.
(F) SUDDEN FEELING OF DEPRESSION.
(G) ANXIETY OR RESTLESSNESS.
(H) DIZZINESS OR LIGHT-HEADEDNESS.
(I) SLURRED SPEECH.
WHAT IS THE SEVENTH CONDITION AN INDIVIDUAL WILL ASSUME MOPP 4 IF THEY FIND THEMSELVES ALONE WITHOUT ADEQUATE GUIDANCE?
(7) UNEXPLAINED LAUGHTER OR UNUSUAL BEHAVIOR NOTED IN OTHERS.
WHAT IS THE EIGHTH CONDITION AN INDIVIDUAL WILL ASSUME MOPP 4 IF THEY FIND THEMSELVES ALONE WITHOUT ADEQUATE GUIDANCE?
(8) BUDDIES SUDDENLY COLLAPSING WITHOUT EVIDENT CAUSE.
WHAT IS THE NINTH CONDITION AN INDIVIDUAL WILL ASSUME MOPP 4 IF THEY FIND THEMSELVES ALONE WITHOUT ADEQUATE GUIDANCE?
(9) ANIMALS OR BIRDS EXHIBITING UNUSUAL BEHAVIOR AND/OR SUDDEN UNEXPLAINED DEATH.
DURING A CHEMICAL ATTACK, HOW LONG SHOULD THE CHEMICAL MASK BE WORN?
THE MASK SHOULD BE WORN UNTIL UNMASKING PROCEDURES INDICATE THE AIR IS FREE OF CHEMICAL AGENT AND THE “ALL CLEAR” SIGNAL IS GIVEN.
WHAT SHOULD BE DONE IF THE INDIVIDUAL INVOLVED IN A CHEMICAL AGENT ATTACK VOMITS IN THE MASK?
IF VOMITING OCCURS, LIFT THE MASK MOMENTARILY AND DRAIN IT (KEEP YOUR EYES CLOSED AND HOLD YOUR BREATH), THEN REPLACE, CLEAR, AND SEAL THE MASK.
WHAT IS THE DANGER OF CHEMICALLY CONTAMINATED CASUALTIES?
CHEMICALLY CONTAMINATED CASUALTIES PRESENT A HAZARD TO UNPROTECTED PERSONNEL.
WHEN DECONTAMINATING CASUALTIES, WHAT MUST BE WORN BY THE HANDLERS?
HANDLERS MUST WEAR THEIR INDIVIDUAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (IPE) WHILE DECONTAMINATING THESE CASUALTIES.
WHERE IS CASUALTY DECONTAMINATION CONDUCTED?
CASUALTY DECONTAMINATION IS CONDUCTED IN AN AREA EQUIPPED FOR CASUALTY DECONTAMINATION PURPOSES.
WHERE IS THE CASUALTY DECONTAMINATION AREA LOCATED?
THE DECONTAMINATION AREA IS LOCATED DOWNWIND (PREVAILING WINDS) OF THE MEDICAL TREATMENT FACILITY (MTF).
HOW IS CONTAMINATED CLOTHING AND EQUIPMENT DISPOSED OF?
CONTAMINATED CLOTHING AND EQUIPMENT ARE PLACED IN PLASTIC BAGS AND REMOVED TO A DESIGNATED DUMP SITE DOWNWIND FROM THE MTF.
WHAT IS SPECIFICALLY USED WHEN AN MTF IS EXPECTED TO OPERATE IN A CONTAMINATED AREA?
WHEN AN MTF IS EXPECTED TO OPERATE IN A CONTAMINATED AREA, COLLECTIVE PROTECTIVE SHELTERS (CPS) MUST BE USED.
WHAT IS AN “INDIRECT” DANGER FROM CHEMICAL AGENTS?
MOST CHEMICAL AGENTS CAN POISON FOOD AND WATER. CHEMICAL CONTAMINATION WILL MAKE SUPPLIES AND EQUIPMENT DANGEROUS TO HANDLE WITHOUT PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT.
IN THE EVENT OF A CHEMICAL AGENT ATTACK, WHAT IS TO BE DONE WITH FOOD AND WATER PACKAGED IN SEALED AIRTIGHT CANS, BOTTLES, OR OTHER IMPERMEABLE CONTAINERS?
FOOD AND WATER PACKAGED IN SEALED AIRTIGHT CANS, BOTTLES, OR OTEHR IMPERMEABLE CONTAINERS CAN BE DECONTAMINATED AS DESCRIBED IN FM 3-5 AND FM 8-10-7 (SOME PLASTICS ARE PERMEABLE TO CHEMICAL AGENTS).
WHAT SHOULD BE DONE ABOUT FOODS THAT ARE KNOWN OR SUSPECTED OF BEING CONTAMINATED?
EXPOSED FOODS THAT ARE KNOWN TO BE CONTAMINATED OR SUSPECTED OF BEING CONTAMINATED SHOULD NOT BE CONSUMED UNLESS APPROVED BY VETERINARY PERSONNEL.
WHO IS RESPONSIBLE FOR WATER PURIFICATION IN THE U.S. ARMY?
IN THE U.S. ARMY WATER PURIFICATION IS PERFORMED BY QUARTERMASTER WATER PURIFICATION UNITS.
WHO IS RESPONSIBLE FOR CERTIFICATION OF WATER POTABILITY?
CERTIFICATION OF WATER POTABILITY IS THE RESPONSIBILITY OF MEDICAL PERSONNEL (PREVENTATIVE MEDICINE PERSONNEL IN THE U.S. ARMY).
WHO SHOULD BE ON ALERT FOR THE POSSIBILITY OF ANXIETY REACTIONS?
MILITARY COMMANDERS, LEADERS, AND MEDICAL PERSONNEL SHOULD BE ON THE ALERT FOR THE POSSIBLITY OF ANXIETY REACTIONS (COMBAT STRESS REACTIONS (CSR)) AMONG PERSONNEL DURING CHEMICAL AGENT ATTACKS. ALL POSSIBLE STEPS MUST BE TAKEN TO PREVENT OR CONTROL ANXIETY SITUATIONS.
WHAT ARE PERSONNEL IN PROTECTIVE CLOTHING PARTICULARLY SUSCEPTIBLE TO?
PERSONNEL IN PROTECTIVE CLOTHING ARE PARTICULARLY SUSCEPTIBLE TO HEAT INJURY.
WHAT IS TAKEN INTO CONSIDERATION WHEN DETERMINING THE DEGREE OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY FEASIBLE IN PROTECTIVE CLOTHING?
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE IS CONSIDERED WHEN DETERMINING THE DEGREE OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY FEASIBLE IN PROTECTIVE CLOTHING.
WHY SHOULD WET BULB GLOBE (WBGT) INDEX DETERMINATIONS BE USED WITH CAUTION WHEN CONSIDERING AMBIENT TEMPERATURE FOR DETERMINING THE AMOUNT OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY ALLOWED?
WET BULB GLOVE TEMPERATURE (WBGT) INDEX DETERMINATIONS (WHICH INDICATE HEAT STRESS CONDITIONS IN THE ENVIRONMENT) SHOULD BE USED WITH CAUTION SINCE THE HUMIDITY WITHIN THE PROTECTIVE ENSEMBLE WILL GENERALLY BE HIGHER THAN AMBIENT HUMIDITY.
HOW IS TEMPERATURE ADJUSTED WHEN IN MOPP 4?
AT MOPP 4 ADD 10 DEGREE F TO THE WBGT INDEX.
WHAT WILL GREATLY ASSIST IN THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF CHEMICAL INJURIES?
IDENTIFICATION OF CHEMICAL AGENTS WILL GREATLY ASSIST IN THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF CHEMICAL INJURIES.
WHAT CAN BE USED TO DETECT/IDENTIFY LIQUID CHEMICAL AGENTS?
CHEMICAL AGENT DETECTOR PAPER OR TAPE CAN BE USED TO DETECT/IDENTIFY LIQUID CHEMICAL AGENTS.
WHAT CAN BE USED TO IDENTIFY LIQUID V- AND G-TYPE NERVE AGENTS AND H-TYPE BLISTER AGENTS?
THE VGH ABC-M8 CHEMICAL AGENT DETECTOR PAPER CAN BE USED TO DETECT AND IDENTIFY LIQUID V- AND G-TYPE NERVE AGENTS AND H-TYPE BLISTER AGENTS.
WHAT DOES VGH ABC-M8 CHEMICAL AGENT DETECTOR PAPER NOT DETECT?
IT DOES NOT DETECT CHEMICAL AGENT VAPORS.
WHAT CAUSES FALSE-POSITIVE REACTIONS BY THE M8 PAPER?
SOME SOLVENTS AND STANDARDS DECONTAMINATING (INCLUDING THE M258A1 KIT) SOLUTIONS CAUSE FALSE-POSITIVE REACTIONS BY THE M8 PAPER.
WHERE CAN THE M9E1 CHEMICAL AGENT DETECTOR PAPER (TAPE) BE WORN?
THE M9E1 CHEMICAL AGENT DETECTOR PAPER (TAPE) CAN BE WORN ON THE UNIFORM.
HOW DOES THE M9E1 CHEMICAL AGENT DETECTOR WORK?
THE M9E1 CHEMICAL AGENT DETECTOR PAPER (TAPE) (WHICH CAN BE WORN ON THE UNIFORM) DETECTS THE PRESENCE OF LIQUID NERVE AGENTS (V AND G) AND BLISTER AGENTS (H/HD, HN, AND L).
WHAT DOES THE M9E1 CHEMICAL AGENT DETECTOR PAPER (TAPE) NOT DO?
THE M9 PAPER DOES NOT DISTINGUISH BETWEEN THE TYPES OF AGENT INVOLVED - ONLY THAT AN AGENT OR AGENTS MAYBE PRESENT. NEITHER WILL IT DETECT CHEMICAL AGENT VAPORS.
WHAT CAN CAUSE THE M9E1 CHEMICAL AGENT DETECTOR PAPER (TAPE) TO GIVE FALSE-POSITIVE REACTIONS?
EXTREMELY HIGH TEMPERATURES, SCUFFS, OR CERTAIN TYPES OF ORGANIC LIQUIDS AND DECONTAMINATING SOLUTION NUMBER 2 (DS2) CAUSE FALSE-POSITIVE REACTIONS BY THE M9 PAPER.
WHAT IS THE CAM SYSTEM AND WHAT DOES IT DO?
AUTOMATIC CHEMICAL AGENT ALARM SYSTEMS AND THE CHEMICAL AGENT MONITOR (CAM) DETECT AGENT AEROSOL AND VAPOR CONTAMINATION CONSISTENT WITH THEIR DESIGNED SPECIFICATIONS AND OPERATIONAL LIMITATIONS.
WHAT DETECTOR KIT IS USED BY THE MILITARY AND WHAT DO THEY DO?
DETECTOR KITS (SUCH AS THE M256 CHEMICAL AGENT DETECTOR KIT) DETECT AND IDENTIFY VAPOR CONCENTRATIONS OF NERVE, BLISTER, AND BLOOD AGENTS.
WHAT DOES MEDICAL MANAGEMENT OF CHEMICAL AGENT ATTACKS CONSIST OF?
MEDICAL MANAGEMENT CONSISTS OF THOSE PROCEDURES FOR OPTIMIZING MEDICAL CARE TO ENSURE THE MAXIMUM RETURN TO DUTY (RTD) ON THE BATTLEFIELD.
WHAT DOES MEDICAL MANAGEMENT OF CHEMICAL AGENT ATTACKS INCLUDE?
THIS INCLUDES TRIAGE, BASIC SURVIVAL TREATMENT, DECONTAMINATION, EMERGENCY FORWARD TREATEMENT, EVACUATION, AND CONTINUING PROTECTION OF CHEMICAL AGENT CASUALTIES. ALTHOUGH CASUALTY DECONTAMINATION IS PART OF MEDICAL MANAGEMENT, THE PHYSICAL DECONTAMINATION OF THESE PERSONNEL IS THE RESPONSIBILITY OF THE SUPPORTED UNIT (APP C - DON’T KNOW WHAT THIS IS).
WHEN DOES DECONTAMINATION OF EYES AND SKIN NEED TO OCCUR?
EYES AND SKIN. FOLLOWING CONTAMINATION OF THE EYES OR SKIN WITH VESICANTS OR NERVE AGENTS, PERSONAL DECONTAMINATION MUST BE CARRIED OUT IMMEDIATELY.
WHY DOES DECONTAMINATION OF EYES AND SKIN NEED TO OCCUR IMMEDIATELY?
THESE CHEMICAL AGENTS ARE EFFECTIVE AT VERY SMALL CONCENTRATIONS. WITHIN A VERY FEW MINUTES AFTER EXPOSURE, DECONTAMINATION IS MARGINALLY EFFECTIVE FOR VESICANTS OR NERVE AGENTS.
WHAT DOES DECONTAMINATION CONSIST OF?
DECONTAMINATION CONSISTS OF EITHER AGENT REMOVAL AND/OR NEUTRALIZATION.
WHEN DOES DECONTAMINATION SERVE LITTLE PURPOSE?
DECONTAMINATION AFTER AGENT ABSORPTION OCCURS MAY SERVE LITTLE OR NO PURPOSE.
WHO CONDUCTS THE DECONTAMINATION PROCESS?
SERVICE MEMBER WILL DECONTAMINATE THEMSELVES UNLESS THEY ARE INCAPACITATED.
WHO CONDUCTS DECONTAMINATION PROCESS IF THE CONTAMINATED INDIVIDUAL IS INCAPACITATED?
FOR THOSE INDIVIDUALS WHO CANNOT DECONTAMINATE THEMSELVES, THE NEAREST ABLE PERSON SHOULD ASSIST THEM AS THE SITUATION PERMITS.
WHERE IN NAVMED P-5041 OUTLINE THE EYE AND SKIN DECONTAMINATION PROCEDURES?
REFER TO APPENDIX D FOR EYE AND SKIN DECONTAMINATION PROCEDURES..
IN WHAT ENVIRONMENT IS DECONTAMINATION NOT REQUIRED?
IN A CYANIDE OR PHOSGENE ONLY ENVIRONMENT, DECONTAMINATION IS NOT REQUIRED.
HOW ARE THE EYES DECONTAMINATED?
DECONTAMINATE THE EYES WITH COPIOUS AMOUNTS OF WATER (SEE APP D).
HOW IS THE SKIN DECONTAMINATED?
DECONTAMINATE THE SKIN WITH THE M291 OR M258A1 SKIN DECONTAMINATING KIT (SEE APP C AND APP D FIGS D-1 AND D-2).
WHAT ARE THE MEASUREMENTS OF THE M291 DECONTAMINATION KIT?
THE M291 KIT MEASURES 4.4 BY 9.3 BY 0.7 INCHES AND WEIGHS 1.6 OUNCES. THE KIT CAN BE FOLDED TO A MEASUREMENTS OF 4.4 BY 4.7 BY 1.4 INCHES.
WHAT IS CONTAINED IN THE M291 DECONTAMINATION KIT?
EACH KIT CONTAINS SIX PACKETS; ENOUGH TO DO THREE COMPLETE SKIN DECONTAMINATION. EACH PACKET CONTAINS AN APPLICATOR BAG FILLED WITH DECONTAMINATION POWDER.
WHAT IS THE POWDER CONTAINED IN THE M291 DECONTAMINATION KIT?
THE DECONTAMINATION POWDER CONSISTS OF 2.8 GRAMS (GM) AMBERGARD XE-555 DECONTAMINANT RESIN.
IN THE M291 DECONTAMINATION KIT, WHAT IS DONE WITH THE POUCH WHEN ALL PACKETS HAVE BEEN USED?
THE POUCH IS DISCARDED WHEN ALL PACKETS HAVE BEEN USED.
WHERE CAN THE M291 CHEMICAL DECONTAMINATION KIT BE STORED?
THE KIT WILL FIT INTO THE POCKET ON THE OUTSIDE REAR OF THE M17 OR M40 PROTECTIVE MASK CARRIER OR IN THE INSIDE POCKET OF THE CARRIER FOR THE M24 AND M25 SERIES PROTECTIVE MASK. THE POUCH CAN ALSO BE CARRIED IN A POCKET OF THE BATTLE DRESS UNIFORM (BDU) OR CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE OVERGARMENT.
WHAT AREA OF THE BODY CAN THE M291 NOT BE USED?
THE M291 IS FOR EXTERNAL USE ONLY. IT MAY BE IRRITATING TO THE EYES. KEEP THE DECONTAMINATING POWDER OUT OF THE EYES. USE WATER TO WASH TOXIC AGENT OUT OF EYES. YOU MAY ALSO USE A 0.5 PERCENT CHLORINE SOLUTION TO WASH TOXIC AGENT OUT OF CUTS OR WOUNDS.
WHAT ARE THE DIMENSIONS OF THE M258A1 DECONTAMINATION KIT?
THE M258A1 KIT MEASURES 1.75 INCHES BY 2.75 INCHES BY 4 INCHES AND WEIGHS 3.2 OUNCES.
WHAT IS CONTAINED WITHIN THE M258A1 DECONTAMINATION KIT?
EACH KIT CONTAINS SIX PACKETS: THREE DECON-1 PACKETS AND THREE DECON-2 PACKETS.
WHAT IS CONTAINED IN THE DECON-1 PACKET WITHIN THE M258A1 DECONTAMINATION KIT?
THE DECON-1 PACKET CONTAINS A WIPE PRE-WETTED WITH HYDROXYETHANE 72 PERCENT, PHENOL 10 PERCENT, SODIUM HYDROXIDE 5 PERCENT, AND AMMONIA 0.2 PERCENT, AND THE REMAINDER WATER.
WHAT IS CONTAINED IN THE DECON-2 PACKET WITHIN THE M258A1 DECONTAMINATION KIT?
THE DECON-2 PACKET CONTAINS A WIPE IMPREGNATED WITH CHLORAMINE B AND SEALED GLASS AMPULES FILLED IWTH HYDROXYETHANE 45 PERCENT, ZINC CHLORIDE 5 PERCENT, AND THE REMAINDER WATER.
HOW IS THE M258A1 DECONTAMINATION KIT STORED?
THE CASE FITS INTO THE POCKET ON THE OUTSIDE REAR OF THE M17 OR M40 PROTECTIVE MASK CARRIER OR IN AN INSIDE POCKET OF THE CARRIER FOR THE M24 AND M25 SERIES PROTECTIVE MASK. THE CASE CAN ALSO BE ATTACHED TO THE WEB BELT OR ON THE D-RING OF THE PROTECTIVE MASK CARRIER.
WHAT AREAS OF THE BODY SHOULD BE AVOIDED WITH THE DECON-1 AND DECON-2 PACKETS AND WHY?
THE INGREDIENTS OF THE DECON-1 AND DECON-2 PACKETS OF THE M258A1 KIT ARE POISONOUS AND CAUSTIC AND CAN PERMANENTLY DAMAGE THE EYES. THE WIPES MUST BE KEPT OUT OF THE EYES, MOUTH, AND OPEN WOUNDS.
WHEN SHOULD CLOTHING AND EQUIPMENT BE DECONTAMINATED AND USING WHAT?
WHEN THE M258A1 KIT HAS BEEN REPLACED WITH THE M291 KIT, THE M258A1 WILL BE USED FOR DECONTAMINATION OF SELECTED ITEMS OF INDIVIDUAL CLOTHING AND EQUIPMENT (THERE IS INSUFFICIENT CAPABILITY TO DO MORE THAN EMERGENCY SPOT DECONTAMINATION).
WHAT EQUIPMENT IS THE M258A1 KIT NOT USED TO DECONTAMINATE?
THE M258A1 KIT IS NOT USED TO DECONTAMINATE THE PROTECTIVE OVERGARMENT. THE PROTECTIVE OVERGARMENT DOES NOT REQUIRE IMMEDIATE DECONTAMINATION SINCE THE CHARCOAL LAYER IS A CHEMICAL AGENT BARRIER; HOWEVER, TO ENHANCE ITS PROTECTIVE CAPABILITY, GROSS CONTAMINATION SHOULD BE REMOVED.
WHAT SHOULD BE DONE WITH A CONTAMINATED PROTECTIVE OVERGARMENT?
EXCHANGE THE PROTECTIVE OVERGARMENT AS SOON AS THE MISSION PERMITS, USING THE PROCEDURES OUTLINED IN FM 3-5.
WHAT IS USED TO DECONTAMINATE THE WEAPON, HELMET, AND OTHER INDIVIDUAL GEAR?
THE DECONTAMINATION PACKET, INDIVIDUAL EQUIPMENT (DPIE), M295, IS USED TO DECONTAMINATE INDIVIDUAL EQUIPMENT SUCH AS THE WEAPON, HELMET, AND OTHER INDIVIDUAL GEAR.
WHAT DOES THE M295 CONTAIN?
THE M295 CONTAINS THE SAME INGREDIENTS AS THE M291, EXCEPT THAT THE PADS ARE MUCH LARGER.
WHAT USE IS THE M295 NOT APPROVED FOR?
HOWEVER, THE M295 IS NOT FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION (FDA) APPROVED FOR USE ON THE SKIN.
WHAT PROCESS IS USED FOR THE DECONTAMINATION PROCESS FOR CASUALTIES?
CONTAMINATED CASUALTIES ENTERING THE MEDICAL TREATMENT SYSTEM ARE DECONTAMINATED THROUGH A DECENTRALIZED PROCESS.
HOW IS THE DECONTAMINATION PROCESS INITIALLY STARTED?
THIS IS INITIALLY STARTED THROUGH SELF-AID AND BUDDY AID PROCEDURES.
AFTER THE INITIAL DECONTAMINATION PROCEDURE IS COMPLETED, WHAT IS DONE?
LATER, UNITS SHOULD FURTHER DECONTAMINATE THE CASUALTY BEFORE EVACUATION.
WHERE ARE DECONTAMINATION STATIONS ESTABLISHED?
PATIENT DECONTAMINATION STATIONS ARE ESTABLISHED AT THE FIELD MTF TO DECONTAMINATE INDIVIDUALS AS REQUIRED (CLOTHING REMOVAL AND SPOT SKIN DECONTAMINATION) PRIOR TO TREATMENT AND FURTHER EVACUATION.
WHO MANS THE DECONTAMINATION STATIONS?
THESE STATIONS ARE MANNED BY NONMEDICAL MEMBERS OF THE SUPPORTED UNITS UNDER MEDICAL SUPERVISION. MEDICAL SUPERVISION IS REQUIRED TO PREVENT FURTHER INJURY TO THE PATIENT AND TO PROVIDE EMERGENCY MEDICAL TREATMENT (EMT) DURING THE DECONTAMINATION PROCESS.
WHY ARE NONMEDICAL PERSONNEL USED IN THE DECONTAMINATION STATIONS?
THERE ARE INSUFFICIENT MEDICAL PERSONNEL TO BOTH DECONTAMINATE AND TREAT PATIENTS.
HOW ARE THE MEDICAL PERSONNEL OCCUPIED DURING THE DECONTAMINATION PROCESS?
MEDICAL PERSONNEL WILL BE FULLY EMPLOYED PROVIDING TREATMENT FOR THE PATIENTS DURING AND AFTER DECONTAMINATION BY NONMEDICAL PERSONNEL.
IN WHAT MANNER IS THE DECONTAMINATION PROCESS CONDUCTED?
DECONTAMINATION IS ACCOMPLISHED AS QUICKLY AS POSSIBLE TO FACILITATE MEDICAL TREATMENT, PREVENT THE PATIENT FROM ABSORBING ADDITIONAL AGENT, AND REDUCE THE SPREAD OF CHEMICAL CONTAMINATION (FOR DETAILS ON PATIENT DECONTAMINATION, SEE APP C OF FM 8-10-7 AND CHAP 9 OF FM 3-5)
IN THE EVENT OF A CHEMICAL ATTACK, WHAT DOES FIRST AID CONSIST OF?
FIRST AID COMPRISES EITHER SELF-AID, BUDDY AID, OR CLS.
FOR A CHEMICAL ATTACK, WHAT DOES SELF-AID CONSIST OF?
SELF-AID. SELF-AID CONSISTS OF FIRST-AID MEASURES THAT SERVICE MEMBERS CAN APPLY IN HELPING THEMSELVES. THESE INCLUDE INDIVIDUAL DECONTAMINATION AND ADMINISTRATION OF CHEMICAL AGENT ANTIDOTES.
FOR A CHEMICAL ATTACK, WHAT DOES BUDDY AID CONSIST OF?
BUDDY AID. BUDDY AID CONSISTS OF EMERGENCY ACTIONS UNDERTAKEN BY INDIVIDUALS TO RESTORE OR MAINTAIN VITAL BODY FUNCTIONS IN A CASUALTY. EXPOSURE TO CHEMICAL AGENTS MAY PRODUCE EFFECTS WHICH REQUIRE IMMEDIATE SELF-AID. HOWEVER, MENTAL CONFUSION, MUSCULAR INCOORDINATION, PHYSICAL COLLAPSE, UNCONSCIOUSNESS, AND CESSATION OF BREATHING MAY OCCUR SO RAPIDLY THAT THE INDIVIDUAL IS INCAPABLE OF PROVIDING SELF-AID.
FOR A CHEMICAL ATTACK, DURING BUDDY AID, WHAT DOES THE NEAREST INDIVIDUAL NEED TO DO?
DUE TO POSSIBLE MENTAL CONFUSION, MUSCULAR INCOORDINATION, PHYSICAL COLLAPSE, UNCONSCIOUSNESS, AND CESSATION OF BREATHING MAY OCCUR SO RAPIDLY THAT THE INDIVIDUAL IS INCAPABLE FO PROVIDING SELF AID. THEREFORE, THE NEAREST INDIVIDUAL MAY NEED TO-
(1) MASK THE CASUALTY.
(2) ADMINISTER ANTIDOTES.
(3) ADMINISTER ASSISTED VENTILATION, IF REQUIRED AND IF EQUIPMENT IS AVAILABLE.
(4) DECONTAMINATE THE CASUALTY.
(5) PUT SELECTED ITEMS OF PROTECTIVE CLOTHING ON THE CASUALTY TO PRECLUDE FURTHER ABSORPTION OF CONTAMINATION THROUGH ANY EXPOSED SKIN.
(6) EVACUATE THE CASUALTY AS SOON AS POSSIBLE.
FOR A CHEMICAL ATTACK, WHAT DOES COMBAT LIFESAVER (CLS) CONSIST OF?
COMBAT LIFESAVER. IN ADDITION TO THOSE ACTIONS TAKEN AS BUDDY AID, CLS AID ALSO INCLUDES-
(1) ADMINISTERING ADDITIONAL ATROPINE.
(2) ADMINISTERING ADDITIONAL CANA.
(3) ESTABLISHING AN OROPHARYNGEAL AIRWAY.
(4) STARTING INTRAVENOUS INFUSIONS.
IN A CHEMICAL ATTACK, WHAT DOES MEDICAL TREATMENT CONSIST OF?
MEDICAL TREATMENT CONSISTS OF THOSE PROCEDURES UNDERTAKEN TO RETURN SOLDIERS TO DUTY, TO SAVE LIFE AND LIMB, AND TO STABILIZE THE PATIENT FOR EVACUATION TO THE NEXT LEVEL OF MEDICAL CARE. TABLE 1-1 SUMMARIZES THE TREATMENT OF CHEMICAL AGENT CASUALTIES. SPECIFIC CHEMICAL AGENT TREATMENT PROCEDURES ARE DESCRIBED IN THE SUCCEEDING CHAPTERS.
WHAT CHEMICAL AGENT IS GA?
TABUN.
WHAT CHEMICAL AGENT IS GB?
SARIN.
WHAT CHEMICAL AGENT IS GD?
SOMAN.
WHAT CHEMICAL AGENT IS GF?
GF IS GF.
WHAT CHEMICAL AGENT IS VX?
VX IS VX.
WHAT CHEMICAL AGENT IS H?
MUSTARD.
WHAT CHEMICAL AGENT IS HD?
MUSTARD.
WHAT CHEMICAL AGENT IS HN?
NITROGEN MUSTARD.
WHAT CHEMICAL AGENT IS L?
LEWISITE AND OTHER ARSENICAL VESICANTS.
WHAT CHEMICAL AGENT IS HL?
MUSTARD/LEWISITE MIXTURE.
WHAT CHEMICAL AGENT IS CX?
PHOSGENE OXIME.
WHAT CHEMICAL AGENT IS CG?
PHOSGENE.
WHAT CHEMICAL AGENT IS AC?
HYDROGEN CYANIDE.
WHAT CHEMICAL AGENT IS CK?
CYANOGEN CHLORIDE.
WHAT TYPE OF CHEMICAL AGENT IS DM?
VOMITING AGENT.
WHAT TYPE OF CHEMICAL AGENT IS DA?
VOMITING AGENT.
WHAT TYPE OF CHEMICAL AGENT IS DC?
VOMITING AGENT.
WHAT TYPE OF CHEMICAL AGENT IS CN?
IRRITANT AGENT.
WHAT TYPE OF CHEMICAL AGENT IS CA?
IRRITANT AGENT.
WHAT TYPE OF CHEMICAL AGENT IS CS?
IRRITANT AGENT.
WHAT TYPE OF CHEMICAL AGENT IS CR?
IRRITANT AGENT.
WHAT TYPE OF CHEMICAL AGENT IS BZ?
INCAPACITATING AGENT.
WHAT TYPE OF CHEMICAL AGENT IS LSD?
INCAPACITATING AGENT.
WHAT IS THE ODOR OF GA?
NONE, OR FAINT SWEETISHNESS, FRUITY OR PAINT-LIKE.
WHAT IS THE ODOR OF GB?
NONE, OR FAINT SWEETISHNESS, FRUITY OR PAINT-LIKE.
WHAT IS THE ODOR OF GD?
NONE, OR FAINT SWEETISHNESS, FRUITY OR PAINT-LIKE.