NAVIGATION TEST 3

Question 1

The difference between heading and track is:

True heading.
True track.
Drift angle.
Course

Answer 1

Drift angle.

Question 2

What is MCA?

The minimum altitude for crossing a navaid or intersection.
The maximum crossing altitude for a navaid or intersection.
The mandatory cruise altitude for a route segment.
The mandatory crossing altitude for a navaid or intersection.

Answer 2

The minimum altitude for crossing a navaid or intersection.
Correct
MCA is minimum crossing altitude. Crossing a fix at or above this altitude ensures terrain clearance and navigation signal coverage. Reference: Aeronautical Information Manual, Pilot/Controller Glossary

Question 3

Magnetic variation is 9 degrees East. In order to fly a true heading of 060 degrees, the following magnetic course would need to be flown:

051 degrees.
069 degrees.
055 degrees.
065 degrees.

Answer 3

051 degrees.

Question 4

When utilizing a compass deviation card, you need to make a correction for 070 degree heading. The compass deviation card shows the correction for 060 degrees to be 0 degrees and the correction for 090 degrees to be +2 degrees. The correction for 070 degrees should be:

  0 degrees
  \+1 degree
  \+2 degrees
  -1 degree
Correct

Answer 4

+1 degree

Question 5

What is the first duty priority of the air traffic controller to provide?

Volume of traffic.
Frequency congestion.
Workload.
Separate aircraft and issue safety alerts.

Answer 5

Separate aircraft and issue safety alerts.
Correct
ATC’s first duty priority is to separate aircraft and issue safety alerts. ATC provides additional services to the extent possible, contingent upon higher priority duties and other factors including limitations of radar, volume of traffic, frequency congestion, and workload. Reference: Instrument Flying Handbook, The Air Traffic Control System

Question 6

Which procedure permits an aircraft to reverse direction and lose considerable altitude within reasonable limited airspace and also consists of departure from an IAF on the published outbound course followed by a turn toward and intercepting the inbound course at or prior to the intermediate fix or point?

Teardrop procedure.
45/180 procedure.
90/270 procedure.
Procedure turn.

Answer 6

Teardrop procedure.
Correct
The teardrop procedure consists of departure from an IAF on the published outbound course followed by a turn toward and intercepting the inbound course at or prior to the intermediate fix or point. Its purpose is to permit an aircraft to reverse direction and lose considerable altitude within reasonably limited airspace. Reference: Instrument Flying Handbook, The National Airspace System

Question 7

When the transponder’s function switch is in the ALT position, which altitude is sent to the controller?

True altitude.
Pressure altitude.
Absolute altitude.
Indicated altitude.

Answer 7

Pressure altitude.

Question 8

How do you identify the FAF on a VOR approach?

Published IAF altitude.
Published altitude of the first step down fix.
Marked by a Maltese cross on the approach plate.
A lightning bolt on the approach plate.
Correct
The FAF on a non-precision approach can be found by looking for the Maltese cross on the approach plate. Reference: Aeronautical Information Manual, Pilot/Controller Glossary

Answer 8

Marked by a Maltese cross on the approach plate.

Question 9

Who is responsible for operation of the GPS satellite constellation, and constantly monitors the satellites to ensure proper operation?

Coast Guard.
Department of Defense.
Federal Aviation Administration
International Civil Aviation Organization

Answer 9

Department of Defense.

Question 10

What is the difference between WAAS and LAAS?

Both use only satellites to correct position, but LAAS is more accurate.
The range of each system.
WAAS can only be used for en route operations.
Both use ground stations provide monitoring and correction of GPS signals, but the LAAS system is intended for airport area use only.

Answer 10

Both use ground stations provide monitoring and correction of GPS signals, but the LAAS system is intended for airport area use only.
Correct
Both WAAS and LAAS use ground-based stations to monitor and adjust GPS signals, but LAAS is intended to provide “look-alike” ILS signals for terminal operations. Reference: Aeronautical Information Manual, Navigation Aids
Local Area Augmentation System

Question 11

Which instrument can provide voice broadcast as well as accurate signals to stand-alone approaches?

VOR.
Transponder.
DME.
NDB.

Answer 11

NDB.

Question 12

The approach category of the aircraft is predicated on the gross landing weight and what?

1.3 of VS.
1.03 of VS.
Double VS.
Greater than VS.

Answer 12

1.3 of VS.
Correct
Minimums specified for various aircraft approach categories are based upon a value 1.3 times the stalling speed of the aircraft in the landing configuration at maximum certified gross landing weight. Reference: Instrument Flying Handbook, The National Airspace System

Question 13

The maximum angle of bank to be used in a holding pattern is:

15 degrees.
25 degrees.
30 degrees.
35 degrees.

Answer 13

30 degrees.
Correct
A pilot should make all turns during entry and while holding at: 3° per second, or 30° bank angle, or a bank angle provided by a flight director system. Reference: Instrument Flying Handbook, The Air Traffic Control System

Question 14

What is an advantage of NDBs over VORs for navigation?

NDBs are always more accurate.
NDBs are not affected by line-of-sight.
NDBs provide radial information.
NDBs signals are affected less by atmospheric conditions.

Answer 14

NDBs are not affected by line-of-sight.

Question 15

ATC radar system cannot detect?

  Intensity level of precipitation.
  Turbulence.
  Altitude.
  Severity of weather.
Correct

Answer 15

Turbulence.
ATC radar systems cannot detect turbulence. Generally, turbulence can be expected to occur as the rate of rainfall or intensity of precipitation increases. Turbulence associated with greater rates of rainfall/precipitation is normally more severe than any associated with lesser rates of rainfall/precipitation. Reference: Instrument Flying Handbook, The Air Traffic Control System

Question 16

The Radio Transmitting Frequency band allocated to aviation VHF communications is?

30MHz to 300MHz.
108MHz to 117.95MHz.
118MHz to 136.95MHz.
108MHz to 111.95MHz.

Answer 16

118MHz to 136.95MHz.

Question 17

Magnetic deviation can be defined as;

Error caused by magnetic material on the vessel.
Variation of the Earth’s magnetic field.
What the course would be in the absence of local declination.
An aircraft’s true course.

Answer 17

Error caused by magnetic material on the vessel.

Question 18

The instrument approach chart is divided into six main sections, which include the margin identification, plan view, profile view, landing minimums, airport diagram and?

Co-ordinates.
Issuing authority.
Amendment number.
Pilot Briefing.

Answer 18

Pilot Briefing.

Question 19

In which airspace is Special VFR allowed but no flight can be commenced without ATC clearance, visibility 3 statute mile and clear of clouds?

Class A.
Class B.
Class C.
Class D.

Answer 19

Class B.
Correct
In Class B airspace entry requirement is ATC clearance, with VFR visibility 3 statute miles, Special VFR and flight clear of clouds is allowed. Reference: Instrument Flying Handbook, The National Airspace System

Question 20

You are on a circling approach to Runway 07 after the ILS to Runway 25. If you lose sight of the runway, what should your reaction be?

Make an initial turn toward the landing runway 07 and then intercept and comply with the missed approach procedure.
Make an initial turn toward runway 25 and then intercept and comply with the missed approach procedure.
Circle back to the center of the airport and establish yourself as close to the missed approach routing as possible.
Proceed direct to the missed approach fix.
Correct
Missed approach from a circling maneuver requires an initial climbing turn toward the landing runway, continue the turn until established on an intercept for the missed approach course from the instrument procedure flown, then follow the published missed approach procedure. Reference: Aeronautical Information Manual, Air Traffic Procedures

Answer 20

Make an initial turn toward the landing runway 07 and then intercept and comply with the missed approach procedure.

Question 21

Lack of situational awareness can cause?

Spatial disorientation.
Hyperventilation.
Hypoxia.
Hypoglycaemia.

Answer 21

Spatial disorientation.
Correct
Disorientation is the lack of orientation/situational awareness, and spatial disorientation specifically refers to the lack of orientation with regard to position in space and to other objects. Orientation is maintained through the body’s sensory organs in three areas: visual, vestibular, and postural. The eyes maintain visual orientation. The motion sensing system in the inner ear maintains vestibular orientation. The nerves in the skin, joints, and muscles of the body maintain postural orientation. Reference: Instrument Flying Handbook, Human Factors

Question 22

If you are looking at a Jeppesen approach plate, how can you tell what was last changed on the approach plate?

It tells you in the notes section of the briefing strip.
It does not tell you. You need to check the chart NOTAMs.
It does not tell you. You need to consult the FDC NOTAMs.
It tells you in the bottom left-hand corner in small print.

Answer 22

It tells you in the bottom left-hand corner in small print.

Question 23

Which of the following consists of three tubes at approximate right angles to each other, each located on one of three axes: pitch, roll, or yaw?

Semicircular canals.
Vestibular nerves.
Eustachian tubes.
Ear canal.

Answer 23

Semicircular canals.

Question 24

Why are the magenta and green areas on a MORA chart?

Values less than 15,000 feet are red.
Values less than 10,000 feet are green.
Values greater than 10,000 feet are green.
Green values indicate safe terrain escape areas for depressurized flight.

Answer 24

Values less than 10,000 feet are green.

Question 25

Homing to an NDB station:

Provides the most direct path.
Results in longer distance to the station.
Is the preferred navigation technique for cross country flights.
Requires correcting for wind drift.

Answer 25

Results in longer distance to the station.

HOMING TO AN NDB MEAN YOU MAKE NO WIND CORRECTION AND JUST KEEP THE NEEDLE POINTED IN FRONT OF YOU.

Question 26

What is the maximum speed in a procedure turn?

180 KIAS.
250 KIAS.
235 KIAS.
200 KIAS.

Answer 26

200 KIAS.
Correct
200 knots is the maximum speed to be flown on a procedure turn. Reference: Aeronautical Information Manual, Air Traffic Procedures

Question 27

The area which is hazardous for aircraft but IFR flights may be authorized subjected to ATC clearance is called?

Prohibited areas.
Restricted areas.
Warning areas.
Military operation areas (MOAs).

Answer 27

Restricted areas.

Question 28

What does a black number or number and letter inscription centered on a pink circle with a white inner ring and black border signify?

It a reference spot on the airport intended for cross bleed starts.
It is a gate area intended for parking.
It is a geographic position marking used to identify the location of taxiing aircraft during low visibility operations.
It is a runway hold short position.

Answer 28

It is a geographic position marking used to identify the location of taxiing aircraft during low visibility operations.
Correct
This is a geographical marking used to identify the location of taxiing aircraft, especially during low visibility operations. Reference: Jeppesen Chart Legend

Question 29

What is the maximum airspeed below 10,000 feet?

265 KIAS.
200 KIAS.
250 KIAS.
230 KIAS.

Answer 29

250 KIAS.
Correct
The maximum airspeed below 10,000 feet MSL is 250 KIAS. Reference: FAR 91.117

Question 30

What is the difference between a FAP and FAF?

The FAF and FAP are interchangeable terms for the same thing.
FAP is applicable only to non-precision approaches, and is the point the descent is initiated where there is no FAF depicted (such as on ae. minal VOR approach). A FAF would be marked with a Maltese cross.
The FAP is applicable only to precision approaches, and is where GS intercept occurs.
The FAF is where timing begins on a non-precision approach. The FAP is where the descent to MDA begins.

Answer 30

FAP is applicable only to non-precision approaches, and is the point the descent is initiated where there is no FAF depicted (such as on ae. minal VOR approach). A FAF would be marked with a Maltese cross.

Question 31

Spatial disorientation will be most likely to occur during flight:

When flying in and out of clouds and the pilot maintains good instrument cross-check.
If the brain receives conflicting information and the pilot does not believe the instruments.
When flying in light rain below the ceiling.
When flying in bright sunlight above a cloud layer.

Answer 31

If the brain receives conflicting information and the pilot does not believe the instruments.
Correct
To prevent illusions and their potentially disastrous consequences, pilots can become proficient in the use of flight instruments and rely upon them. Trust the instruments and disregard your sensory perceptions. The sensations that lead to illusions during instrument flight conditions are normal perceptions experienced by pilots. These undesirable sensations cannot be completely prevented, but through training and awareness, pilots can ignore or suppress them by developing absolute reliance on the flight instruments. As pilots gain proficiency in instrument flying, they become less susceptible to these illusions and their effects. Reference: Instrument Flying Handbook, Human Factors

Question 32

Coriolis illusion, causing spatial disorientation is the result of-

Undergoing positive G.
Simultaneous head movements during aircraft maneuvers.
Gazing in the direction of a flashing light.
Normal deterioration of the semi-circular canals with age.

Answer 32

Simultaneous head movements during aircraft maneuvers.
Correct
The Coriolis illusion occurs when a pilot has been in a turn long enough for the fluid in the ear canal to move at the same speed as the canal. A movement of the head in a different plane, such as looking at something in a different part of the flight deck, may set the fluid moving and create the illusion of turning or accelerating on an entirely different axis. This action causes the pilot to think the aircraft is doing a maneuver that it is not. The disoriented pilot may maneuver the aircraft into a dangerous attitude in an attempt to correct the aircraft’s perceived attitude. Reference: Instrument Flying Handbook, Human Factors

Question 33

How many satellites are necessary to establish an accurate three-dimensional position with GPS?

Two
Three
Four
Five

Answer 33

Four

Question 34

The GPS receiver verifies the integrity (usability) of the signals received from the GPS constellation through receiver autonomous integrity monitoring (RAIM) to determine if a satellite is providing corrupted information. RAIM needs a minimum of ___ satellites in view, or ___ satellites and a barometric altimeter to detect an integrity anomaly.

3, 2
4, 3
5, 4
6, 5

Answer 34

5, 4

Question 35

Navigation by reference to landmarks or checkpoint is known as:

Inertial navigation.
Celestial navigation.
Dead reckoning.
Pilotage.

Answer 35

Pilotage.