AIRPORT OPERATIONS Flashcards
Runway numbers are in reference to _______ north.
magnetic
When the threshold is relocated, the closed portion of the runway is not available for use by aircraft for takeoff or landing, but it is available for ______.When a threshold is relocated, it closes not only a set portion of the approach end of a runway, but also shortens the length of the opposite direction runway. _________ heads are placed across the width of the runway just prior to the threshold bar.
taxi
Yellow arrow
When exiting the runway, the same markings will be seen except the aircraft will be approaching the double dashed lines. [Figure 14-14] In order to be clear of the runway, the entire aircraft must cross both the dashed and solid lines. An ATC clearance is____ needed to cross this marking when exiting the runway.
not
If ATC does not instruct you to hold at the ILS critical area, do you have to hold short?
When instructed to “hold short of Runway (XX) ILS critical area,” you must ensure no portion of the aircraft extends beyond these markings. [Figure 14-25] If ATC does not instruct you to hold at this point, then you may bypass the ILS critical area hold position markings and continue with your taxi.
AIRPORT BEACON LIGHT Flashing white and green 1. Flashing white and yellow 2, Flashing white, yellow, and green 3. Two quick white flashes alternating with a green flash 4.
- for civilian land airports
- for a water airport WATER THAT PEE PEE
- for a heliport COME ON GUYS 2 GREEN
- identifying a military airport 2 WHITE THINK TWICE
LIGHT SIGNALS
STEADY GREEN
FLASHING GREEN
STEADY RED
FLASHING RED
FLASHING WHITE
ALTERNATING RED AND GREEN
GROUND IN FLIGHT
CLEARED TO TO. CLEARED TO LAND
CLEARED TO TAXI RETURN FOR LDG
Fill LOWED BY A STEADY
STOP GIVE WAY CONTINUE TO CIRCLE
CLEAR TAXI WAY OR AIRPORT UNSAFE DO NOT
RUNWAY. LAND
RETURN TO STARTING POINT NOT APPLICABLE
EXERCISE EXTREME CAUT EXCERCISE EXTREME CAUT
ATC CROSSING RUNWAY INSTRUCTIONS
ATC Instructions—Explicit Runway Crossing
As of June 30, 2010, ATC is required to issue explicit instructions to “cross” or “hold short” of each runway. Instructions to “cross” a runway are normally issued one at a time, and an aircraft must have crossed the previous runway before another runway crossing is issued. Exceptions may apply for closely spaced runways that have less than 1,000 feet between centerlines. This applies to all runways to include active, inactive, or closed.
Whenever a pilot observes the red lights of the Runway Entrance Lights, that pilot will stop at the hold line, or along the taxiway path and remain stopped. The pilot will then contact Air Traffic Control for resolution if the clearance is in conflict with the lights.
Contact tower for resolution
Should pilots note illuminated lights under circumstances when remaining clear of the runway is impractical for safety reasons (i.e., aircraft is already on the runway), the crew should proceed according to their best judgment while understanding the illuminated lights indicate the runway is unsafe to enter or cross. Contact Air Traffic Control at the earliest possible opportunity.
Contact ATC at the earliest possible opportunity.
How far can you descend with ALSF-1 in sight? __________ or all the way with red side row or terminating bars visible
100 above TDZE
(c) Operation below DA/ DH or MDA. Except as provided in paragraph (l) of this section, where a DA/DH or MDA is applicable, no pilot may operate an aircraft, except a military aircraft of the United States, below the authorized MDA or continue an approach below the authorized DA/DH unless –
(1) The aircraft is continuously in a position from which a descent to a landing on the intended runway can be made at a normal rate of descent using normal maneuvers, and for operations conducted under part 121 or part 135 unless that descent rate will allow touchdown to occur within the touchdown zone of the runway of intended landing;
(2) The flight visibility is not less than the visibility prescribed in the standard instrument approach being used; and
(3) Except for a Category II or Category III approach where any necessary visual reference requirements are specified by the Administrator, at least one of the following visual references for the intended runway is distinctly visible and identifiable to the pilot:
(i) The approach light system, except that the pilot may not descend below 100 feet above the touchdown zone elevation using the approach lights as a reference unless the red terminating bars or the red side row bars are also distinctly visible and identifiable.
(ii) The threshold.Screen Shot 2016-08-08 at 1.08.57 PM
(iii) The threshold markings.
(iv) The threshold lights.
(v) The runway end identifier lights.
(vi) The visual approach slope indicator.
(vii) The touchdown zone or touchdown zone markings.
(viii) The touchdown zone lights.
(ix) The runway or runway markings.
(x) The runway lights.
PAPI
The visual glidepath will be at least 1 degree above all obstacles in the final approach area. The VGSI must provide clearance above all obstacles within the commissioned operational service volume.
Flight inspection does verify that specific VGSI below path indications clear all obstacles within the commissioned operational service volume.
When VGSI and electronic glide path information serve the same runway, the visual approach path will coincide with the one produced electronically
The default PAPI glidepath angle is 3 degrees.
The PAPI glidepath for the typical Air Carrier airport with a TCH of 50 ft, will produce a touchdown point at 954 feet from the threshold regardless of runway length, assuming no flare maneuver is used.
The visual glidepath will be at least 1 degree above all obstacles in the final approach area. The VGSI must provide clearance above all obstacles within the commissioned operational service volume.
Flight inspection does verify that specific VGSI below path indications clear all obstacles within the commissioned operational service volume.
When VGSI and electronic glide path information serve the same runway, the visual approach path will coincide with the one produced electronically
The default PAPI glidepath angle is 3 degrees.
The PAPI glidepath for the typical Air Carrier airport with a TCH of 50 ft, will produce a touchdown point at 954 feet from the threshold regardless of runway length, assuming no flare maneuver is used.
Decision Altitude (DA) Is a specified altitude on a precision approach at which a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ approach must be initiated if the required visual references to continue the approach have not been established. Decision altitude is charted in feet above\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ and is read on the altitude tape
CAT I
missed
above mean sea level and is read on the altitude tape
Decision Height: (DH)
Is a specified altitude on a precision approach, charted in ____________, radio altitude above ground level at which a decision must be made either to continue the approach or to execute a missed approach.
Decision height is read on the___________Decision heights are normally associated with CATII and CATIII approaches.
CAT II OR III
height above threshold elevation
radio-altimeter.
Alert Heights (AH)The FAA and ICAO define alert height as the height above a runway, based on airplane fail operational systems, above which a ______ approach must be discontinued and a missed approach initiated if a failure occurs in one of the redundant parts of the flight control or related aircraft systems, or if a failure occurs in any one of the relevant ground systems.Above Alert height, if lost system redundancy results in a downgrade of the airplane’s capability, the crew must execute a missed approach.Alert height is read on the_________.
CAT III
radio-altimeter.
MDA is referenced to____________ and MDH is referenced to the ________________ elevation if that is more than 2 m (7 ft) below the aerodrome elevation. An MDH for a circling approach is referenced to the aerodrome elevation.
mean sea level
aerodrome elevation or to the threshold
Decision height is read on the __________Decision heights are normally associated with CATII and CATIII approaches.
radio-altimeter.
Decision altitude is charted in feet above_________ and is read on the altitude tape.
mean sea level
The required visual reference means that section of the visual aids or of the approach area which should have been in view for sufficient time for the pilot to have made an assessment of the aircraft position and rate of change of position, in relation to the desired flight path. In the case of a circling approach the required visual reference is the _________________.
runway environment.
Aircraft overflying the upper limit of any class B airspace must have an operating_________
Mode C transponder.
Localizer. The localizer (LOC) ground antenna array is located on the extended ________ of the instrument runway of an airport, remote enough from the opposite (approach) end of the runway to prevent it from being a collision hazard.
centerline
These are called the front and back courses, respectively. The localizer provides course guidance, transmitted at _________ MHz (odd tenths only), throughout the descent path to the runway threshold from a distance of _______ from the antenna to an altitude of ______ feet above the elevation of the antenna site.
108.1 to 111.95
18 NM
4,500
The localizer course is very narrow, normally ___ This results in high needle sensitivity. With this course width, a full-scale deflection shows when the aircraft is____to either side of the centerline. This sensitivity permits accurate orientation to the landing runway. With no more than one-quarter scale deflection maintained, the aircraft will be aligned with the runway.
5°.
2.5°
Unlike the localizer, the glide-slope transmitter radiates signals only in the direction of the final approach on the front course. The system provides no vertical guidance for approaches on the back course. The glide path is normally 1.4° thick. At _____ from the point of touchdown, this represents a vertical distance of approximately _____ feet, narrowing to a few feet at touchdown.
10 NM
1,500
Minimum Sector Altitude named MSA is the lowest altitude which may be used which will provide a minimum clearance of 300 m ______ above all objects located in the area contained within a sector of a circle of 46 km ______ NM) radius centered on a radio navigation aid .
1000ft
25
