NAVEDTRA 14185A, NAVY ELECTRICITY AND ELECTRONICS TRAINING SERIES, MODULE 13-NUMBER SYSTEMS AND LOGIC CIRCUITS Flashcards
What was one of the earliest known calculators that was developed by the Chinese?
Abacus
Which year did Blaise Pascal invent the first adding machine?
1642
Which part of the number system tells you the number of symbols that are used in the system?
Base
Which system is the value of a number defined not only by the symbol but by the symbol’s position?
Positional notation
What is the number of times a base is multiplied by itself referred to as?
Power
What is the power called when it is written above and to the right of the base?
Exponent
Which symbol represents one, or more, complete objects?
Whole number
Which type of number is a symbol representing a portion of an object?
Fractional
Which type of number represents on, or more, complete objects, and some portion of an object?
Mixed
What is the division between whole numbers and fractional numbers referred to as when you use any base other than the decimal system?
Radix point
Which digit in a number has the greatest effect on that number?
Most significant digit
Which form of counting is where one quantity is added to another?
Addition
What is the quantity called to which an addend is added?
Augend
What is produced when the sum of two or more digits in a vertical column equals or exceeds the base of the number system in use?
Carry
What is the number called from which another number is subtracted?
Minuend
What is the simplest possible number system?
Binary
What is something used to complete something else called?
Complement
How many binary digits is one octal digit the equivalent value of?
Three
Which system uses 16 symbols?
Hex
What do computer systems use to convert decimal numbers to binary numbers?
Additional circuitry
Which number is a dividend divided by called?
Divisor
What is the number called resulting from the division of one number by another?
Quotient
Which method is the conversion of a decimal number to its 8 base equivalent done?
Repeated division
What is the best method for the conversion of octal numbers to decimal?
Positional notation
Which two purposes was the microprocessor designed for?
Data processing and control
What are the series of electrical pulses called that computers and microprocessors both operate on?
Words
What is defined as the science of reasoning?
Logic
Which type of voltage is used to represent the logic 1 state of a statement?
Logic polarity
What will be used to illustrate all possible input and corresponding output combinations?
Truth table
What are the “decision-making” circuits of computers and other types of digital equipment?
Logic gates
Which type of logic gate is a logic circuit that requires all inputs to be TRUE at the same time in order for the output to be TRUE?
And
Which type of logic device has an output opposuite of the input?
Inverter
Which gate is simply an AND gate with an inverter (NOT gate) at the output?
NAND
Who developed Boolean Algebra?
George Boole
What is a description of the input conditions necessary to get the desired output?
Boolean expression
What is a term that is TRUE in one part of an expression will be TRUE in all other parts of the expression?
Law of identity
Which law is defined as the order in which terms are written does not affect their value (AB=BA, A+B=B+A)?
Commutative law
What is an example of Associative law?
A(BC)=ABC or A+(B+C) = A+B+C
What is an example of idempotent law?
AA=A, A+A=A
What is an example of the law of intersection?
0(A1=A, A0=0)
What is an example of the law of union?
(A+1=1, A+0 =A)
What is an example of distributive law?
A+(BC) = (A+B) * (A+C)
What is an example of the law of absorption?
A*(A+B) =A or A+(AB)=A
Which gate is modified OR gate that produces a HIGH output when only one of the inputs is HIGH?
Exclusive OR
What are combinations of logic gates that combine binary values to obtain a sum?
Adders
Which circuit can add two binary digits but will not produce a carry?
Quarter adder
What is designed to combine two binary digits and produce a carry?
Half adder
Subtraction is accomplished in computers by the R’s complement and what other method?
ADD
What may be used to store data temporarily, to multiply or divide, to count operations, or to receive and transfer information?
Flip-flops
Which type of bistable device changes state on command from a common input terminal?
Toggle
What is the most widely used FF because of its versatility?
J-K FF
What is a timing signal generated by the equipment to control operations?
Clock
The frequency stability of the astable multivibrator can be increased by applying what to the circuit?
Trigger pulse
What allow functions involving more than one operation to be completed during a single clock cycle?
Multiphase clocks
What do most modern high-speed equipment use as the basis for their timing networks?
Crystal-controlled oscillators
What is the total number of counts or stable states a counter can indicate called?
Modulus
Which term is used to describe the count capability of counters?
Modulo
Which term means that the events (setting and resetting of FFs) occur one after the other rather than all at once?
Asynchronous
High-frequency operations require that all FFs of a counter be triggered at the same time to prevent errors. Which type of counter is used for this type of operation?
Synchronous
What is defined as a loop of bistable devices (flip-flops) interconnected in such a manner that only one of the devices may be in a specified state at one time?
Ring counter
Which type of temporary storage device is used to store data, memory addresses, and operation codes?
Register
Which type of register can the contents be shifted one or more places to the left or right?
Shift register
Which term means that the data is moved along a single line one bit at a time?
Serial transfer
Which term means that each bit of data is moved on its own line and that all bits transfer simultaneously?
Parallel transfer
Which term means to change the magnitude of a number?
Scaling
What are groups of logic circuits that are based on particular types of elements (resistors, transistors, and so forth)?
Logic families
What is the feature known as when the output of one logic circuit can be used as the input to another logic circuit?
Compatibility
