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ET1 SEP EXAM 2018 > NAVEDTRA 14179A, NAVY ELECTRICITY AND ELECTRONICS TRAINING SERIES, MODULE 7-SOLID-STATE DEVICES AND POWER SUPPLIES > Flashcards

NAVEDTRA 14179A, NAVY ELECTRICITY AND ELECTRONICS TRAINING SERIES, MODULE 7-SOLID-STATE DEVICES AND POWER SUPPLIES Flashcards

1
Q

Which year was the first transistor discovered?

A

1948

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2
Q

What are semiconductor devices called that have-three or more elements?

A

Transistors

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3
Q

In which ways are transistors classified?

A

NPN or PNP

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4
Q

What were the very first transistors known as?

A

Point-contact

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5
Q

Which type of transistor generates less noise, handles more power, provides higher current and voltage gains, and can be mass-produced more cheaply than the point-contact transistor?

A

Junction

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6
Q

What is the process called of increasing the strength of a signal?

A

Amplification

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7
Q

Which device provides amplification without appreciably altering the original signal?

A

Amplifier

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8
Q

What is returning a part of the output back to its input known as?

A

Degeneration

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9
Q

How many classes of amplifier operations are there?

A

Four

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10
Q

Which class of amplifies are biased so that variations in input signal polarities occur within the limits of cutoff and saturation?

A

Class A

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11
Q

What occurs when the base becomes so negative with respect to the emitter that changes in the signal are not reflected in collector-current flow?

A

Saturation

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12
Q

Amplifiers designed for what class of operation are biased so that collector current is zero (cutoff) for a portion of one alternation of the input signal?

A

AB

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13
Q

Amplifiers biased so that collector current is cut off during one-half of the input signal are classified as what class?

A

B

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14
Q

What is the faithful reproduction of a signal called?

A

Fidelity

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15
Q

Which amplifier property refers to the ratio of output-signal power compared to the total input power?

A

Efficiency

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16
Q

Which amplifier class has the highest efficiency of the four classes of amplifier operations?

A

Class C

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17
Q

How many basic configurations may a transistor be connected in?

A

Three

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18
Q

What is the most frequently used arrangement in practical amplifier circuits?

A

Common-Emitter configuration (CE)

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19
Q

Which term is used to describe the amplification capabilities of the amplifier?

A

Gain

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20
Q

What is the relationship of collector current (output current) to base current (input current)?

A

Beta

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21
Q

What is the relationship of collector current (output current) to emitter current (input current)?

A

Alpha

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22
Q

Which transistor properties are the direct voltage and current values that if exceeded in operation may result in transistor failure?

A

Absolute Maximum Ratings

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23
Q

What is one of the greatest dangers to the transistor which will cause excessive current flow and eventual destruction of the transistor?

A

Heat

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24
Q

Gain, leakage, breakdown, along with what else are the four basic tests required for transistors in practical troubleshooting?

A

Switching time

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25
Q

What is a flat insulating surface upon which printed wiring and miniaturized components are connected in a predetermined design, and attached to a common base?

A

Printed circuit board

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26
Q

Printed circuit boards are stacked and connected together to form a module using what technique?

A

Modular circuitry

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27
Q

Which device integrates (combines) both active components (transistors, diodes, etc.) and passive components (resistors, capacitors, etc.) of a complete electronic circuit in a single chip (a tiny slice or wafer of semiconductor crystal or insulator)?

A

Integrated Circuit

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28
Q

What are the two general classifications of integrated circuits?

A

Hybrid and Monolithic

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29
Q

In which type of integrated circuits do all elements (resistors, transistors, etc.) associated with the circuit fabricated inseparably within a continuous piece of material (called the SUBSTRATE) which is usually silicon?

A

Monolithic

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30
Q

What are two terminal semiconductors of various types that are used in seemingly endless applications?

A

Diodes

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31
Q

What is a PN junction that is designed to operate in the reverse-bias breakdown region?

A

Zener diode

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32
Q

Which year was the zener effect first produced by Dr. Carl Zener?

A

1934

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33
Q

Which process according to Dr. Zener’s theory does electrical breakdown in solid dielectrics occur by?

A

Quantum-Mechanical tunneling

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34
Q

What is a band in which the energy level of the electrons is high enough that the electrons will move easily under the influence of an external field?

A

Conduction

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35
Q

What are solid materials called that have many electrons in the conduction band?

A

Conductors

36
Q

What is a band in which the energy level is the same as the valence electrons of the atoms?

A

Valence

37
Q

What is a material in which the forbidden gap is so narrow that it can be considered nonexistent?

A

Conductor

38
Q

What is a solid that contains a forbidden gap?

A

Semiconductor

39
Q

What are materials in which the forbidden gap is so large that practically no electrons can be given enough energy to cross the gap?

A

Insulators

40
Q

What is the most widespread use of Zener diodes?

A

Voltage regulators

41
Q

Which year did Leo Esaki discover that if a semiconductor junction diode is heavily doped with impurities then it will have a region of negative resistance?

A

1958

42
Q

In the tunnel diode, the semiconductor materials used in forming a junction are doped to the extent of how many impurity atoms for ten-million semiconductor atoms?

A

1000

43
Q

What is the most important and most widely used characteristic of the tunnel diode?

A

Negative resistance region

44
Q

Which type of diode behaves like a variable capacitor, with the PN junction functioning like the dielectric and plates of a common capacitor?

A

Varactor

45
Q

How high can the ratio of varactor capacitance to reverse-bias voltage change be?

A

10 to 1

46
Q

What can be used to check a varactor diode in a circuit?

A

Ohmmeter

47
Q

What functions as a switch that can turn on or off small or large amounts of power?

A

SCR

48
Q

Some SCRs can be switched how many times a second?

A

25,000

49
Q

The input resistance of the SCR is relatively low (approximately how many ohms) and requires current for triggering?

A

100

50
Q

Which type of devices either produce light or use light in their operation?

A

Optoelectronic

51
Q

LED operating voltage is small, about 1.6 volts forward bias and generally about how many milliamperes?

A

10

52
Q

What is the life expectancy of the LED?

A

100,000+ hours

53
Q

What is a light-controlled variable resistor?

A

Photodiode

54
Q

What is typical light-to-dark resistance ratio for a photocell?

A

1:1000

55
Q

Which type of device converts light energy into electrical energy?

A

Photovoltaic cell

56
Q

What is often used when it is necessary to block the voltage between one electronic circuit and another, and transfer the signal at the same time?

A

Amplifier coupling capacitor

57
Q

Transistors are semiconductor devices with how many or more terminals?

A

Three

58
Q

How many distinct types of UJTs are presently in use?

A

40+

59
Q

What uses voltage to control electrostatic field within the transistor?

A

FET

60
Q

The MOSFET has a higher input impedance than the JFET (how many megohms)?

A

10 to 100 million

61
Q

The MOSFET is normally constructed so that it operates in one of what two basic modes?

A

Depletion or Enhancement

62
Q

Most power supplies are made up of the following four basic sections: transformer, rectifier, filter, and what else?

A

Regulator

63
Q

What steps up or steps down the input line voltage and isolates the power supply from the power line?

A

Transformer

64
Q

What converts the alternating current input signal to a pulsating direct current?

A

Rectifier

65
Q

What maintains the output of the power supply at a constant level in spite of large changes in load current or input line voltages?

A

Regulator

66
Q

What provides two equal voltages to the conventional full-wave rectifier?

A

Center-tapped transformer

67
Q

What is the conversion of an alternating current to a pulsating direct current?

A

Rectification

68
Q

What is current called that flows in pulses in the same direction?

A

Pulsating DC

69
Q

Which terms are AC voltages normally specified in?

A

RMS values

70
Q

Which type of device has two or more diodes arranged so that load current flows in the same direction during each half cycle of the ac supply?

A

Full-wave rectifier

71
Q

How many basic types of filter circuits are there?

A

Four

72
Q

What is defined as the time it takes a capacitor to charge to 63.2 percent of the applied voltage or to discharge to 36.8 percent of its total charge?

A

One time constant

73
Q

What is the most basic type of power supply filter?

A

Capacitor filter

74
Q

Which type of filter is primarily used in power supplies where voltage regulation is important and where the output current is relatively high and subject to varying load conditions?

A

LC choke-input

75
Q

What percent of a half-wave rectifier is the ripple frequency of a full-wave rectifier?

A

200%

76
Q

Electrolytic capacitors are available in sizes up to how many microfarads or greater?

A

10,000

77
Q

What is one of the most commonly used filters primarily used in radio receivers, small audio amplifier power supplies, and in any type of power supply where the output current is low and the load current is relatively constant?

A

LC capacitor-input filter

78
Q

115 volts AC can vary from about 105 volts AC to how many volts AC?

A

125

79
Q

What gives an indication of how much the output voltage changes over a range of load resistance values?

A

Figure of merit

80
Q

Basic voltage regulators are classified as one of what two ways?

A

Series or shunt

81
Q

Which type of diode blocks current until a specified voltage is applied?

A

Zener diode

82
Q

Which circuitry provides a constant current output?

A

Current regulator

83
Q

What are used primarily to develop high voltages where low current is required?

A

Voltage multipliers

84
Q

The DC output of the voltage multiplier ranges from 1000 to how many volts?

A

30,000

85
Q

In order for a silicon NPN transistor to conduct, the base must be between how many volts more positive than the emitter?

A

0.6 to 0.7 volts

86
Q

What are the two widely used checks in testing electronic equipment?

A

Signal tracing and Visual

87
Q

What is a short-circuit protection device that automatically limits the current to a safe value?

A

Current Limiter

ET1 SEP EXAM 2018 (28 decks)

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