Nausea

Question 1

causes of nausea / vomiting

Answer 1

~ drugs or toxic substances
~ labyrinthitis (inner ear infections)
~ vestibular disorders
~ motion sickness
~ gut irritation
~ higher stimuli (sights, smell, emotions)

Question 2

how does N/V work

Answer 2

~ occurs when vomiting centre inside the brain activated by input from chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ)
~ anti-emetics antagonise receptors in CTZ
~ anti-emetic chosen according to aetiology of vomiting

Question 3

list of anti-emetic class

Answer 3

1. Dopamine antagonists
2. Anti-histamines
3. Anti-muscarinic
4. 5HT-anatgonists
5. others

Question 4

Dopamine antagonists

Answer 4

~Metoclopramide
~ Domperidone (choice in PD)

APs:
~ Prochlorperazine (buccal)
~ Haloperidol, levopromazine (palliative care)