Nature Of A Counselor's Work Flashcards
• Although we have no control over the defensiveness that the client brings to the session,
through a careful assessment of the _____
counseling environment,
What creates the counseling environment?
- The office
- Nonverbal behaviors
- Counselor’s attitude towards the client
The counseling relationship requires the _____, ____, ____ and confidentiality that
the office provides:
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quiet, comfort, safety,
• Soundproofed
• Soft lighting
• Uncluttered
• Appropriately stored client records
• Free from distractions
A number of nonverbal behaviors can affect our relationship with our clients.
Ex.
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• Posture
• Eye contact
• Tone of voice
• Personal space
• Touch
Brammer and MacDonald (2003) suggest that whether one has physical contact with a client should be based on:
(1) The helper’s assessment of the needs of the helpee
(2) The helper’s awareness of his or her own needs
(3) What is most likely to be helpful within the counseling relationship
(4) Risks that may be involved as a function of agency policy, customs, personal ethics, and
the law.
Counselors should be acutely sensitive to client responses to ____
nonverbal behaviors.
Five errors of communication
- Error of approach
- Error of interpretation
- Error of language
- Error of judgment
- Error of omnipotence
counselor inhibits communication in that they tend to stifle clients’ willingness
to expose their psychological worlds.
Error of approach
fail to interpret what clients are communicating or failure to have
accurate understanding of client’s emotions.
Error of interpretation
failure to circumvent client’s fight or flight response. (essential so as to be heard
and to talk so as to be understood)
Error of language
failure to evaluate others with unconditional positive regard or acceptance without conditions.
Error of judgment
- thinking that you are responsible for the decisions of others, what they do,
and how they feel.
Error of omnipotence
RUDIMENTARY SKILLS IN COUNSELING
- Attending
- Active listening
- Reflection
- Validating
- Gathering information
- Empathizing
- Self -disclosure
- Focusing
- Providing feedback
- Confrontation
- Silence
- Goal setting
- Modeling
- Termination
- Dealing with resistance
- Summarizing
- involves actively paying attention to clients. The fundamental skill of
attending is accomplished through presence and focus
Attending
- involves counselors putting aside their (personal) issues to attend to
clients.
Bracketing
- may entail nodding one’s head, verbal tracking (i.e.,
staying on the topic the client brings up), accurate summarization, and an ability to have the
client feel heard.
Active listening
- helps therapists attend to what is being communicated by conveying to clients a sense of what they are picking up from them.
Reflection
– repeating everything the client says (or the last part)
Parroting
– demonstrating that they have heard what their client has conveyed
and accepting people without conditions.
VALIDATING
the key to circumventing others’ fight or flight responses.
Validation
getting as much information as is necessary.
Gathering information
is often accomplished when counselors are aware of the difference between
content (what is said) and process (how it is said).
Questioning
- allow clients to explore their inner selves for answers that
can reveal a great deal about their psyches.
Open-ended questions
- can be an excellent tool to use with an overly loquacious
client.
Close-ended questions
– understanding and sharing the feelings of another.
Empathizing
means telling someone something about your life, something about you personally. Outside of the counseling world normal conversation involves a
ping-pong game approach to sharing.
Self-disclosure
means that a therapist’s personal life is hidden.
Remaining veiled
is the concept that we want to give back to others when they have given to us
Reciprocity
- the counselor’s job is to help the client focus on the issue at hand.
Focusing
involves two primary skills for therapists. The first is to be able to accept feedback themselves, and the second is to be
able to circumvent the error of language.
Providing Feedback
- Kell and Mueller (1966) described effective counseling relationships as
antithetical rather than complementary.
Confrontation
contracting with clients about what they want.
Goal Setting
Proximal goals
Short term goals
– long term goals
• Distal goals
- genuineness stems from congruence between the real or actual self (who
we truly are) and the ideal self (either who we believe we are or who we strive to be). –
Carl Rogers 1961.
Modeling
-To reframe what someone says, a counselor merely has to reflect what
clients say in a different way from how the clients presented it.
Reframing
- Understanding when to terminate clients is a skill that takes experience,
practice, and, most often, guidance from an out side entity, such as a supervisor.
Termination
- the opposition of the therapy process in which a client
refuses or rejects suggestions made by a psychologist.
Dealing with Resistance
- clients bring counselors on topic.
Healthy Resistance
– client responds by changing the topic or avoiding the question or
comment.
Defensive Resistance
- is a compendium of previously reported statements.
Summarizing
is a method that allows the counselor to understand a client’s
presenting problems and subsequently apply appropriate counseling skills and treatment strategies based on the counselor’s theoretical orientation.
Case conceptualization
is a step-by-step method that can be used to identify and understand client concerns
while offering a visual guide for counselors in how to organize client information; see
connections among client concerns, symptoms, and behaviors; and consider different
areas to focus on in counseling.
IPM ( inverted pyramid method)
Stages of the counseling relationship
- Rapport and Trust Building
- Problem Identification -
- Deepening Understanding and Goal Setting
- Work
- Closure
- Post-Interview Stage
- the development of a comfortable, trusting, and facilitative
relationship.
Rapport and Trust Building
validate your initial identification of the problem(s).
Problem Identification
understand your client in deeper ways.
Deepening Understanding and Goal Setting
-The counselor will use his or her counseling skills to facilitate progress, and, if necessary, the
counselor and client may want to revisit and reevaluate some of the goals set.
Work
– termination and little reason for the counseling to continue.
Closure
- involves ensuring that you have completed your case management tasks,
such as paperwork, billing tasks, and eventual follow-up with clients.
Post-Interview Stage
