BEHAVIOR THERAPY Flashcards
2 types of human learning
Classical Conditioning
Operant Conditioning
A type of learning in which an
organism comes to associate two
different stimuli and, as a result,
responds to one of the stimuli in
the same way it would respond to
the other.
Classical Conditioning
Known as instrumental conditioning,
is a type of learning process in
which an individual’s behavior is
modified through the consequences
that follow their actions.
Operant Conditioning
A stimulus that naturally and automatically triggers a specific response in an organism
UNCONDITIONED STIMULUS
The natural and automatic response
that occurs in reaction to the
unconditioned stimulus.
UNCONDITIONED RESPONSE:
A previously neutral stimulus that, through association with the unconditioned stimulus, comes to
elicit a response.
CONDITIONED STIMULUS
The learned response to the
conditioned stimulus.
CONDITIONED RESPONSE
Refers to voluntary actions or behaviors that an individual performs in response to their
environment.
OPERANT BEHAVIOR
A consequence that follows a behavior and serves to increase
the likelihood of that behavior
being repeated in the future.
REINFORCEMENT
A consequence that follows a behavior and serves to decrease the likelihood of that behavior being
repeated in the future.
PUNISHMENT
reinforcement every time the behavior occurs
continuous reinforcement
Reinforcement only some of the time
intermittent reinforcement
A positive event presented as a consequence
of a person’s performing a behavior is called
__
POSITIVE REINFORCEMENT
In ____ ____ an undesirable
consequence of a behavior is removed, which
increases the likelihood that a behavior will be repeated.
negative reinforcement
The process of no longer presenting a
reinforcer.
EXTINCTION
When behavior is reinforced, it may generalize
to other behavior.
GENERALIZATION
The ability to be able to react differently,
depending upon the stimulus condition that is
presented, is extremely important for
individuals
DISCRIMINATION
there is a gradual movement from
the original behavior to the desired behavior
by reinforcing approximations of the desired
behavior.
SHAPING
Four Basic Functions
- attentional process
- retention process
- motor reproduction process
- motivational process
To learn from observation, an individual must
pay attention to the model and the specific
behaviors being demonstrated
ATTENTIONAL PROCESSES
After paying attention to the model’s behavior, the observer must be able to remember or retain the information.
RETENTION PROCESSES
Once the behavior is remembered, the
observer must be capable of reproducing or
imitating it.
MOTOR REPRODUCTION PROCESSES
Observational learning is influenced by the
observer’s motivation to imitate the behavior.
If the observer sees value or reward in the
behavior, they are more likely to be motivated
to replicate it.
MOTIVATIONAL PROCESSES
Are systematic procedures used by
psychologists, therapists, educators, and
researchers to gather information about an
individual’s behavior.
BEHAVIORAL ASSESSMENT
Structured or semi-structured interviews that
aim to gather information about an individual’s
behavior, experiences, and history.
BEHAVIORAL INTERVIEWS
These scales are used to assess specific
behaviors or traits and are often completed by
individuals who are familiar with the person
being assessed, such as parents, teachers, or
caregivers.
BEHAVIORAL REPORTS AND RATINGS
Observing and recording an individual’s
behavior in a natural or controlled setting.
This may involve noting the frequency,
duration, and intensity of specific behaviors.
BEHAVIORAL OBSERVATIONS
Common measures include blood pressure,
heart rate, respiration, and skin electrical
conductivity.
PHYSIOLOGICAL MEASUREMENT
It involves tensing and relaxing muscle groups,
including arms, face, neck, shoulders, chest,
stomach, and legs, to achieve deeper and
deeper levels of relaxation.
RELAXATION
Obtaining detailed and highly specific
information about events that cause a client to
become anxious is the essence of constructing
an anxiety hierarchy.
ANXIETY HIERARCHIES
A therapeutic technique used in the field of
psychology to treat anxiety disorders,
particularly phobias and other fear-related
conditions.
SYSTEMATIC DESENSITIZATION
A therapeutic technique used in the field of
psychology to treat various emotional and
psychological conditions, particularly anxiety
and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
IMAGINAL FLOODING THERAPIES
Is a therapy that takes place in a computer-
generated environment.
VIRTUAL REALITY THERAPY
Refers to watching a model,
sometimes the therapist, perform
a specific behavior.
LIVE MODELING:
Films or videotapes of appropriate
behavior; individuals are observed
indirectly rather than in person.
SYMBOLIC MODELING:
Sometimes it is helpful to
videotape a client performing the
target behavior in a desired way.
SELF-MODELING:
Sometimes it is helpful for the therapist to
model a behavior for the client and then
guide the client in using the behavior–
participant modeling.
PARTICIPANT MODELING:
The therapist describes a situation
for the patient to imagine.
COVERT MODELING:
The main goal of SIT is to help individuals
better manage and cope with stress, anxiety,
and a wide range of life challenges by teaching
them a set of coping skills and strategies.
STRESS INOCULATION
THREE PHASES OF SELF INSTRUCTIONAL TRAINING
- The conceptual phase
- skills acquisition phase
- application phase
In the first phase,
information is gathered and the client is educated about how to think about the problem.
THE CONCEPTUAL
PHASE
To cope with the fear and stress, a variety of cognitive and behavioral skills are taught, including relaxation training, cognitive restructuring, problem-solving skills, and self-
reinforcement instructions.
SKILLS ACQUISITION
PHASE
This method uses a combination of cognitive
and behavioral techniques. First a behavioral
assessment is done, imaginal flooding is used,
and cognitive restructuring.
EYE MOVEMENT-DESENSITIZATION
Focuses on helping individuals develop
psychological flexibility and improve their
overall well-being.
ACCEPTANCE AND COMMITMENT
THERAPY
was originally created to treat individuals
with borderline personality disorder (BPD)
but has since been adapted for use in the
treatment of a wide range of emotional and
behavioral issues, including mood disorders, self-harm, and substance abuse.
DIALECTAL BEHAVIOR THERAPY
DBT
To assess the client’s problems and to assess
her ability to follow through in meeting
therapeutic goals.
INDIVIDUAL THERAPY
These skills include validation and acceptance
strategies, problem-solving and change
strategies, and dialectical persuasion.
THERAPEUTIC SKILLS
Three states of mind
➢ Reasonable mind
➢ Emotional mind
➢ Wise mind
Thinking rationally or logically, using facts.
➢ Reasonable mind -
Thinking emotionally, distorted thoughts,
determined by mood
➢ Emotional mind -
A melding or synthesis of the reasonable and
emotional mind.
➢ Wise mind -
