GESTALT THERAPY Flashcards
Gestalt psychology was first developed by _____ and later by _____ and _____.
Max Wertheimer
Wolf-
gang Kohler
Kurt Koffka
______ is based on the
view that psychological phenomena are organized wholes rather than specific
parts.
gestalt psychology
Developer and popularized the Gestalt Theory
Fritz Perls
In gestalt psychology, the “field” can be viewed in terms of “___” and
“____.”
figure
ground
gestalt psychologists deny any ____
meaningful similarity.
is the lifeblood of growth, means for changing oneself, and one’s experience of the world
Contact
Contact differs from fusion, as
contact exists when a sense of separateness is maintained. In fusion, there is no
separateness.
Five layers if neuroses
- phony
- phobic
- impasse
- implosive
- explosive
refers to reacting to others in unauthentic or patterned ways.
Phony
____ layer is an avoidance of psychological pain
phobic
____ is the point at which we are afraid to change or move. We may feel
very little, only a sense of being stuck.
Impasse
____ is the point at which we are afraid to change or move. We may feel
very little, only a sense of being stuck.
Impasse
____ level we experience our feelings, start to become aware of the
real self, but may do little about the feelings.
implosive
___ layer is authentic and without pretense.
explosive
____ are the process of connecting to or separating from other or
objects.
Contact boundaries
_____ are those that distinguish between one person and another, a person and an object, or the person and a quality of the person.
I-boundaries
I-boundaries can be described:
- body-boundaries
- value-boundaries,
- familiarity-boundaries
- expressive-boundaries.
____ are those that may restrict sensations or place them off limits.
Body-boundaries
_____ refer to values we hold that we are resistant to changing.
Value-boundaries
____ refer to events that are often repeated but may not be
thought about or challenged.
Familiarity-boundaries
____ are learned at an early age. We learn not to yell, not to
whine, not to touch, and so forth. In the United States, men have often been
taught not to cry.
Expressive-boundaries
Five patterns in gestalt psychology
Introjection
Projection
Retroflection
Deflection
Confluence
refers to swallowing whole or accepting others’ views without reviewing them.
Introjection
____ refers to the dismissing or disowning of aspects of ourselves by assigning them to others.
Projection
consists of doing to ourselves what we want to do to someone
else, or it can refer to doing things for ourselves that we want others to do for
us.
Retroflection
refers to varying degrees of avoidance of contact.
Deflection
____ occurs when the boundary between one’s self and others becomes
muted or lessened
Confluence
___ refers to what is happening now rather than what is remembered
Awareness
This refers to feelings from the
past that have been unexpressed but are dealt with in the present.
Unfinished business
Five phases
sensation/awareness
mobilization
contact
resolution/closure
withdrawal.
____ involves taking in experience through the senses. Patients
with a borderline disorder often have difficulty maintaining relationships because of distorted intake of sensations.
Sensation/awareness
refers to moving from awareness to forming a desire or want
Mobilization
__ produces emotional arousal and implies contact with self and others.
Contact
___ takes place as individuals disengage from an experience.
Resolution/closure
takes place as the experiencing cycle draws to a close and moves
toward other contact experiences.
Withdrawal
patients may get a new view of themselves or of an old problem or situation
discovery
patients learn that they have choices and
can try out different behaviors
accommodation
___, patients progress from choosing and
trying out new behaviors to learning how to make changes in their environment.
assimilation
____that is,
playing out parts of oneself or others—can be a dramatic gestalt experiment to
bring about change.
Enacting
In this conceptualization,
events from the past prevent the individual from developing full awareness in
the present.
Unfinished business
