nature, extent, effectiveness of opposition before and after 1917

Question 1

pre 1917-

who were the popularists?

what did they do?

Answer 1

intelligentsia who attempted to challenge tsarist policy by educating peasants and promoting socialism

Question 2

who were the land and liberty and the peoples will?

Answer 2

a group which aimed to ignite revolution through terrorist action

Question 3

who were social democrats and socialist revolutionaries?

an influential leader?

Answer 3

grew out of the popularists- had a greater interest in urban proletariat

Plekhanov

Question 4

who were the Kadets?

Answer 4

liberals

Question 5

who were the octoberists?

Answer 5

supporter of N2 and his October manifesto

Question 6

what did urban proletariat do?

Answer 6

go on strikes and protest meetings

Question 7

what sympathy strikes were there?

Answer 7

• Bloody Sunday- 1905
• lena goldfields- 1912
• putilov work strikes- feb 1917

Question 8

what was the aim of national minority groups?

Answer 8

break away from central rule

Question 9

how effective were the radicals?

Ppls will?

bolsheviks?

Answer 9

wanted an end to the Romanovs and implementing a republic.

ppls will was successful in assassinating A2

bolshevik brought the dynasty to end with abdication and murder of N2 in 1918

Question 10

how effective were peasant activists?

what was favoured?

what wasn’t favoured?

Answer 10

wanted greater freedoms, rights to their land and protection against famines.

emancipation, Zemstva and stolypins reforms

redemption tax, restrictions from mir, poor distribution of land, land captains oct

Question 11

how effective were workers protests?

when was 10h working day implemented?

when was factories inspected?

Answer 11

achieved little pre 1914, strikes put down with considerable force

no factory inspectors until 1881 to check workers conditions

10h working day not implemented until ww1

Question 12

how effective were national minorities?

Answer 12

some success in gaining greater degrees of independence/representation

Question 13

was bolsheviks successful and who did they oppose?

Answer 13

tsars and prov gov

successful in winning over russia by 1918

took russia out of ww1 plus won civil war

Question 14

what did moderates appose?

how did Lenin deal with this?

Answer 14

war communism and civil war

NEP

Question 15

how effective was opposition to Stalin?

Answer 15

unsuccessful due to show trials and purges and great terror- total obedience

Question 16

did khrushchev face a lot of opposition?

Answer 16

desalinisation resulted in greater tolerance of opposition

hard to oppose him bc of secret police

Question 17

effectiveness of bolsheviks?

what was reinforced?

Answer 17

strongest party post 1917 - transformed into communist party by 1918 which reinforced one party state

Question 18

what did peasants oppose? post 1917?

how were they put down?

who were targets?

Answer 18

war communism, collectivisation

revolts put down ruthlessly by communists

kulaks

Question 19

what did workers rebel about if they felt the need?

Answer 19

if they felt they were treated unjustly