extent and impact of reform

Question 1

economic impact under tsars-

what did A2 promise?

what did emancipation promise? (A2)

Answer 1

railway building

greater entripeneuralism?

Question 2

economic impact under tsars-

(A3) what did witte’s great spurt increase?

what did he encourage?

Answer 2

Economic and industrial activity

railways

Question 3

economic impact under tsars-

what was used to centralise life?

what was nationalisation done through?

Answer 3

policy

supreme economic council, war communism, NEP, collectivisation and 5yr plans

Question 4

social impact under tsars-

whose impact was greatest?

what did he achieve?

Answer 4

A2

education, military, emancipation, legal system- greater productivity in educational reforms

Question 5

social reforms under communism-

what was there less concern over?

what were houses like by 1955?

Answer 5

health care and housing

inferior to western housing standards

Question 6

political impact under tsars-

what did A2 introduce?

what did N2 introduce?

Answer 6

Zemstva and duma

national duma

Question 7

political reform under communists-

what did prov gov try to do?

what was created after bolshevik revolution?

Answer 7

democracy

one party state

Question 8

agricultural reforms under tsars-

what did A2 do?

what did A3 introduce to supervise peasant activity?

what happened under N2?

Answer 8

-emancipation of serfs

land captains

stolypins reforms

Question 9

agricultural reforms under communists-

what happened to farms?

how much production to feed cities?

how much production for rural population?

Answer 9

collectivised- meaning they were centralised under gov

90%

10%

Question 10

what did stolypins reforms consist of?

Answer 10

• unused/ poorly utilised land made available to peasants land bank in 1883, peasants could buy this at cheap rates
• peasants who were still strip farming were given right to consolidate land into one unit

Question 11

good consequences of stolypins reforms?

Answer 11

led to expansion of wealthy peasants who were more loyal to tsar

Question 12

bad consequences of stolypins reforms?

Answer 12

peasants wasn’t satisfied believing that best land was withheld from them

Question 13

how many people had left village communes by 1914?

what did this mean?

what did this add to the problem of?

Answer 13

2mil

some regions were short of rural labour which was accelerated by ww1

getting food supplies of food going to urban population

Question 14

what was impact of reform on peasants?

Answer 14

generally abused/neglected

emancipation meant they had some freedom

always hit hardest by famines

Question 15

impact of reform on workers?

Answer 15

exploited by all rules but highly valued by bolsheviks

improvement in working hours

workers insurance system and bonus scheme set up towards end of 1917

treated similarly to peasants