Naturalism

Question 1

Naturalism

Answer 1

Approach that states science is the only way to get to know the world
-> reality within nature
- rejects a priori knowedge, only allows knowledge from interaction
Darwin: humans are a product of natural selection
-WITTGENSTEIN

Question 2

Reasoning of naturalists

Answer 2

• complimentary hypothesis (is a really a or is it b)
• if we don’t get predicted results, there is something untrue in our assumptions
• logic is not efficient to find the cause of failure
  -> theories can’t be tested while isolated from other theories

Question 3

Thomas kuhn

Answer 3

• curious of how science worked irl
• believed traditional history of science was biased
• science isn’t an abstract idea, rather an enterprise
  -made paradigm
• paradigm: knowledge that isn’t taught yet accepted
• science is riddle guessing

Question 4

Kuhn vs Popper

Answer 4

Kuhn: untaught knowledge and its consensus is science
Popper: openness to criticism is science

Question 5

Science of science

Answer 5

• sociology of science strengthens under Kuhn (what questions should we investigate)
• there is no such thing as truth or rationality, instead there is social norms -> relativism