Gestalt

Question 1

Gestalt vs behaviorism

Answer 1

Behaviorism: keeps elentarism
Gestalt: keeps internal world, humanistic dissatisfaction against traditional psychology

Question 2

Emerge of Gestalt

Answer 2

• dissatisfied with breaking the whole into parts
• world of meaningless constructs vs the whole world of subjective meaning
• the whole is not the organization of ideas but the organization of the whole world (Kant & Goethe)

Question 3

Christian von Ehrenfels

Answer 3

(1859-1932)
- proposed that in addition to sensory elements there were form-elements (gestaltqualitäten)

Question 4

Alexius Meinong

Answer 4

(1853-1920)
Teacher of Ehrenfels in Graz
- first psychological lab in Austria
L

Question 5

Vittorio Benussi

Answer 5

• Stimulation of two separate regions of the skin-> sensed a movement
• inventor of the first lie detection device

Question 6

Phenomenological description

Answer 6

• introspection: instrusion of elementarism into the description
• naive perspective needed: description not the analysis
• looking at lines:
  Ticherner: I see three lines
  Phenomenologists: I see a triangle

Question 7

Movement perception-> Max Wertheimer

Answer 7

• leader of the movement
• sensation is determined by the entire collection of stimuli and internal relations
• no mosaic-model, they introduced the whole world as a whole

Question 8

Sensory organization

Answer 8

• proximity, similarity, closure, good continuation
• principles of perceptual organization were extended
• gestalt: insight learning

Question 9

Principle of isomorphism

Answer 9

• there is no mind, stimuli must be a direct effect y of the nervous system
• isomorphism: structural relations of the external field of stimuli are desprezented in the cortex
• hubel and Wiesel -> Nobel prize for elementarist framework