Natural Selection Review Flashcards
According to Darwin, evolution occurs because of what?
Natural Selection
Scarcity of resources and a growing population are most likely to result in what?
Competition - struggle for existence
According to Darwin, the finches he studied probably all had a common what?
Ancestor
What type of structures suggests a common ancestor is shared?
Homologous/Vestigial structures
The flipper of a manatee and the hand of a human are considered what type of structures?
Homologous structures
Beak shape in Darwin’s finches are affected or shaped by what resource?
Food
What are four ways that scientists can determine the evolutionary relationship among organisms?
- Biogeography
- Fossil Record
- Comparative Anatomy
- Embryology
Both the human tailbone and the appendix are considered what kind of structures?
Vestigial Structures
What are structures called that no longer have a function in organisms?
Vestigial Structures
The accumulation of differences between species or population is called what?
Divergent
What do you call the process of a species evolving into a new species?
Speciation
What must take place in order for speciation to occur?
No interbreeding
What are two ways genetic drift take place?
Founder Effect & Bottleneck
What type of genetic drift takes place if a few organisms are separated from the population such as being trapped on an island?
Founder Effect
What term means change over time?
Evolution
Which scientist believed that an organism’s behavior use or disuse could influence their offspring’s inherited traits?
LaMark
What type of structures are batwings compared to flywings?
Analogous
To be the same species, the parents must produce what kind of offspring?
Fertile
What must he population have in order for natural selection to take place?
Genetic Variation and Competition - favorable traits passed on
What is the definition of species?
Group of living organisms consisting of similar individuals capable of exchanging genes
Fossil
Remnant of past organism
Paleontology
Branch of science concerned with fossil animals and plants
Mutation
Random change in organism’s genes
Extinction
A species that no longer exists
Gradualism
Policy of gradual reform rater than sudden change or revolution
Punctuated Equilibrium
The hypothesis that evolutionary development is marked by isolated episodes of rapid speciation between long periods of little or no change
Genetic Drift
Variation in the relative frequency of different genotypes in a small population, owing to the chance disappearance of a particular gene
