Natural selection PO

Question 1

What is Natural selection?

Answer 1

1. Variation exists within a species
2. Some variation is heritable
3. species produce more offspring than can possibly survive
4. Individuals more suited to environment in which they find themselves in, are more likely to survive and pass on their attributes to their offspring

Question 2

What does natural selection lead to?

Answer 2

Changes WITHIN a species

Question 3

_______ may be so great that new species are born

Answer 3

diversification

Question 4

All organisms have ______ that are passed on from one _______ to the next

Answer 4

1. Genes

2. generation

Question 5

Genes present in 2 or more alternative forms = ____

Answer 5

Alleles

Question 6

What do alleles produce?

Answer 6

Slightly different forms of the same protein

Question 7

Any allele that can make more surviving copies of itself will…

Answer 7

replace alternative forms

Question 8

Natural selection =

Answer 8

differential survival of alternative alleles

Question 9

What can genes also influence?

Answer 9

Behaviour

Question 10

What are the two levels of selection?

Answer 10

Individual selection and Group Selection

Question 11

According to Darwin (1859) what is evolution?

Answer 11

the struggle between individuals to out-compete others in population

Question 12

What does individual selection claim?

Answer 12

that natural selection acts at level of individual

Question 13

In group selection, animals behave for….

Answer 13

good of the group

Question 14

in individual selection, animals behave for…

Answer 14

good of themselves

Question 15

Why do lions rarely fight to the death?

Answer 15

if they did this, this would endanger the survival of the species

Question 16

Three early ethologists:

Answer 16

Tinbergen, Von Frisch and Lorenz

Question 17

Evolution through group selection explains:

Answer 17

1. Threat displays (vs dangerous fighting)
2. Population control (species do not over-exploit available resources)
3. Dominance Hierarchies (dominant and submissive individuals)

Question 18

What is wrong with group selection?

Answer 18

1. Many traits evolve which are not to group’s advantage (infanticide)
2. Cheats will always prosper
3. Groups do not go extinct fast enough