Natural Science Flashcards
Science
Able to take in or soak up liquids
absorbent
Changes in a body over time to suit the environment
adaption
Two or more metals mixed together, or a metal mixed with a non-metal
alloy
an imaginary line passing through the centre of an object
axis
A rod attached to a wheel
axle
a source of stored energy that is made of one or more cells
battery
the variety of all the plants and animals on Earth
biodiversity
hard parts of the body, such as bones, that form fossils
body fossils
a property of an object whereby it breaks or chips easily
brittle
animals that only eat meat or other animals
carnivores
flexible, tough substance that cushions bones at the joint
cartilage
a product made from clay and limestone that becomes hard when mixed with water
cement
objects made from clay or sand
ceramics
large soil grains
coarse soil
to roll material into a spiral shape
coil
to mix or join together
combine
pressed tightly together
compacted
squeeze or push the parts of something together
compress
something you decide based on the results of an investigation
conclusion
a mixture of sand, gravel, cement and water
concrete
if something is able to carry heat or electricty, it can…
conduct
a metal breaking down is ….
corroding
hard, rocky layer on the surface of the Earth
crust
facts or information collected in an investigation
data
to break down into smaller parts
decompose
dropped or put down in a certain place
deposited
something that has mixed completely with water has….
dissolved
something that is able to be drawn into wires is…
ductile
something that will last for a long time is …
durable
materials that return quickly to their original shape after it has been bent or stretched
elastic
a system that provides a path for the transfer of electricity
an electrical circuit
the place where electricity from a substation is connected to the electrical circuits in a building
an electrical box
it changes the energy in chemicals into electricty
an electrochemical cell
skeleton found inside an animals body
endoskeleton
soil that has been washed away by water or blown away by wind
eroded soil
to look at what you have done and think of how to do it better next time
evaluate
a shell or hard covering on the outside of animals
endoskeleton
joining of male cells and female egg outside of the body
external fertilisation
When all the individuals of a type of plant or animal die out and no more are left
extinct
to put something out
extinguish
materials made from yarn or fibres by weaving or knitting
fabric
when we test everything in the same way
fair test
soil in which plants can grow well
fertile soil
when male cells in pollen join eggs in the female parts of a flower to form seeds
fertilisation
a material that is not easily damaged by fire
fire-resistant
a system in which the axle remains fixed while the wheels rotate around it
fixed axles
how easily a material bends
flexibility
the order in which animals eat plants and other animals to get energy
the food chain
the remains or signs of ancient plants and animals preserved in rocks
fossils
a substance or material that can be eaten or burned to produce energy
fuel
centre point
fulcrum
a machine that produces electricity
generator
begin to sprout or grow into a seedling
germinate
the natural home of plants or animals
habitat
a material that is not easily damaged by heat
heat resistant
animals that only eat plants
herbivores
part of the skeleton made up of hip bones that support the hind limbs
hip girdle
human beings and their fossil ancestors
homonids
dark material in the soil made up of the fully decomposed remains of plants and animals
humus
a good guess about what you think will happen in the investigation
hypothesis
plants and animals that have always lived in a certain area
indigenous
the energy that we put in to start a fuel burning
input energy
two or more things that depend on each other
interdependence
joining of male cells and female eggs inside the body
internal fertilisation
an animal that does not have a backbone made of bone
invertebrate
the place where two or more bones meet
joint
a furnace or oven that is used to process materials by burning, baking or drying them
kiln
stages through which a living thing passes during its life time
life cycle
bands that connect bones to bone and strengthen the joint
ligaments
a leg, arm or tail
limb
a kind of sedimentary rock made from shells and bones of tiny sea animals
limestone
able to be beaten or hammered into shapes
malleable
parts of a machine that do specific jobs to make the machine work
mechanism
an instrument that makes small things appear much bigger
microscope
something that is made by mixing things together
mixture
to shed outer coverings to grow a new, bigger one
moult
masses of tough, elastic tissue that pull our bones when we move
muscles
substances that help living things to grow
nutrients
animals that eat plants and meat
omnivores
the path of one object in space around another.
orbit
the energy such as heat and light that is produced when a fuel burns
output energy
a thick mixture of a solid and a liquid
paste
a dry, coloured powder that is mixed with oil or water to give paint a colour
pigment
to twist three strands over and under each other to form one thick strand
plait
a white powder that quickly becomes a hard solid when mixed with water
plaster of paris
when pollen from the male parts of a flower reaches the female parts of a flower
pollination
plastics, rubber and fabrics
polymers
if something did not rot away, it was
preserved
to keep something from happening
prevent
to change in different ways to get new materials or products with new properties
process
materials that have been changed in some way
processed materials
plants that make their own food are called….
producers
the process of reusing old materials to make new objects
recycle
to strengthen with additional material
reinforce
The process when plants and animals produce offspring
reproduce
the movement of an object in space around another object, such as the movement of the |Earth around the Sun
revolution
Areas that are far away from big, modern cities where people live mostly off what is available in nature
rural areas
the reddish-brown layer formed when iron combines with air and water
rust
a kind of sedimentary rock made from sand
sandstone
rock that forms when sediments are deposited in layers and harden
sedimentary rock
soil and pieces of broken rock deposited by a river or by wind
a kind of sedimentary rock made from clay
a place that gives protection from bad weather and danger
a shelter
a structure that has a strong layer on the outside that holds itself up and protects what is on the inside
shell structure
set of bones where front limbs attach
shoulder girdle
a framework for support
a structure
strong structures that can support a lot of weight
struts
energy that is kept in something and can be changed
stored energy
the layer of soil that lies under the topsoil
subsoil
any type of solid, liquid or gas
substance
it controls the electricity in an electric circuit
switch
two or more parts that work together to carry out a function
a system
a metal that is changing colour or going dull
tarnish
tough cords that attach muscles to bones
tendons
the way a surface or material feels when you touch it
texture
the layer of soil that lies on the surface of the Earth
topsoil
preserved signs of animals, such as footprints
trace fossils
the body of an animal excluding the head or the limbs
trunk
a rod that turns, with blades arranged like a wheel around it
turbine
a system in which the axle turns together with the wheels
turning axles
factors that can affect the result of an investigation
variables
an animal with a bony backbone
vertebrate
organs in the body that are absolutely necessary for life
vital organs
the process of making something by crossing strips or threads under and over each other
weave
What are the 6 life processes
Feeding, movement, growth, respiration, excretion, reproduction
The substance in plant cells that absorbs the sunlight and converts it to energy
Chlorophyll
The substance in plants that give them their green colour
chlorophyll
The process in which plants use natures resources to make food for themselves
photosynthesis
4 main habitats
grasslands, deserts, aquatic and forests
2 main aquatic habitats
fresh water and salt water
Freshwater is vital to life on Earth, how is this resource at risk?
Human activity: chemicals used in industry, waste water and other pollution
dry, baron, intense heat and little rain. What habitat am I?
desert
What kind of plants are able to survive in the desert?
tough plants with small or no leaves, or succulents which have fleshy leaves that are able to store water in their leaves. Thorny plant that protect them from being eaten.
How do many animals adapt to the heat of the desert?
They are active only at night.
how much of th Earths land is grassland?
1 quarter
What are Africa’s grasslands called?
Savannahs
how much of Africa is covered in Savannahs?
one third
what part of the flower attracts birds and insects
petals
The male part of the flower that makes pollen
anther
part of the flower that supports the anther
filament
sticky female part of the flower that catches pollen
stigma
part of the flower that supports the stigma
style
female part of the flower that stores ova
ovary
female part of the flower that becomes the fruit
ovary
part of the flower that protects the flower while it is still a bud
sepal
vertebrates are divided into these groups
amphibians, reptiles, mammals, birds, fish
invertebrates are divided into these groups
arthropods
it protects your brain
cranium / skull
your collar bone is called your
clavicle
protects your heart and lungs
rib cage
upper arm bone
humerus
outer lower arm bone
radius
inner lower arm bone
ulna
Hip girdle
pelvis
thigh bone
femur
knee cap
patella
shin bone
tibia
lower leg outer side bone
fibula
what does the spinal column consist of
vertebrae
what are the 2 primary functions of the spinal column
- To support the body’s weight allowing it to stand up
2. To protect the spinal cord
Name the 3 sections that the spine is divided into
- The cervical spine, 2. The Thoracic spine and 3. The lumbar spine
a very light, but strong metal, often used in aircraft construction
aluminium
a strong and hard metal use to make tools, nails, fencing and structures
iron
What is a disadvantage of iron
it rusts
A valuable metal that is very malleable, always shines and never goes dull.
gold
A metal that conducts electricity very well
copper
a metal that is used to cover iron, to prevent it from rusting
zinc
a silver ring that has been covered in a thin layer of gold would be called…
gold-plated
What 3 things do you need to start a fire?
fuel, oxygen and heat
