Geography Grade 5 mid term Flashcards
A natural home for a plant or animal
Habitat
Water Habitats are called…
Aquatic Habitats
Habitats on land are called….
Terrestrial Habitats
When plants and animals depend on each other for food and shelter it is called…..
Interdependence
What is biodiversity?
The variety of all plants and animals on the Earth
Plants and animals that have always lived in a certain area are called….
Indigenous
How does an aloe adapt to living in a dry habitat?
It’s thick and fleshy leaves store water
What do organisms get from their habitats?
Food, water and air
A place that gives protection from bad weather and danger is called a….
shelter
A plant that provides food, water and shelter for another plant is called a….
host
Give two examples of plants that depend on another plant to grow
Mistletoe and orchids
How are some ways that plants and animals depend on each other?
Plants depend on animals for reproduction.
Animals depend on plants for food.
Animals depend on animals for food.
Animals depend on animals for cleaning and safety (tick bird and buck) (surgeon fish and turtle)
Animals depend on plants for shelter.
Plants and animals also depend on non-living things for survival. These non living things are called…
Resources
Why must we remove alien plants?
Alien plants are not indigenous.
They grow quickly and take up the space of the indigenous plants.
They use up water and other resources the indigenous plants need to survive.
flexible, tough substance that cushions bones at the joints
cartilage
what is an exoskeleton made of?
Hard plates joined together to make a hard shell
What are the advantages of an exoskeleton?
It supports and protects the soft internal organs.
It provides waterproofing to prevent the animal from drying out.
What are the disadvantages of an exoskeleton?
It cannot grow and the animal has to moult.
The new exoskeleton is soft after moulting, and the animal is less protected.
Name animals with exoskeletons
Insects
Spiders
ticks
crabs, lobsters, crayfish and shrimp (shellfish)
What are the five groups of animals that have an endoskeleton
Mammals Birds Fish Reptiles Amphibians
Endoskeletons have a backbone made up of small bones called….
vertebrae
What covers the endoskeleton?
Muscles and soft body tissue
What are vertebrates skeletons made up of?
Bone and cartilage
Important or noticeable parts of something?
features
a framework of struts that are joined in triangular shapes?
a frame structure
Organs in the body that are absolutely vital for life
Vital Organs
What is a limb
leg, arm or tail
The body of an animal, excluding the head or limbs
the trunk
the set of limbs where the front limbs attach
shoulder girdle
part of the skeleton made up of hip bones that support the hind limbs
hip girdle
What is the purpose of skeletons of vertebrates?
They support and give shape to the body.
They protect the soft organs.
What is cartilage?
a tough, flexible substance that allows bones to rub together smoothly without causing pain
What is the main function of the backbone?
To protect the spinal cord that runs through the vertebrae. The spinal cord can easily be damaged.
What makes the bones hard and strong?
calcium and minerals
Masses of tough, elastic tissue that pull our bones when we move
Muscles
tough cords that attach muscles to bones
Tendons
Bands that connect bone to bone and strengthens the joint
Ligaments
Strong structures that can support a lot of weight
struts
A structure that has a strong layer on the outside that holds itself up
shell structure
What is substance?
Any type of solid, liquid or gas
What are nutrients?
Substances that help living things grow
Food gives animals…..
energy
Plants make their own food, which means they are….
producers
What is pollination?
when pollen from a male parts of a flower reaches the female parts of a flower
What is fertilisation?
When male cells in pollen join eggs in the female parts of a flower to form seeds
When plants or animals produce offspring
reproduce
When all the individuals of a type of plant or animal die and no more are left
extinct
joining of male cells and female egg inside of the body
internal fertilisation
joining of male cells and female egg outside of the body
external fertilisation
the order in which something happens
sequence
Sticky female part of a flower that catches pollen
Stigma
Part of the flower that attracts birds and insects
petals
What does the ovary do
Stores Ova that will become seeds if fertilised.
After fertilisation, the ovay of the flower grows and becomes a fruit.
The Male part of the flower that makes pollen.
ANther
What part of the flower supports the stigma and leads to the ovary
Style
What part of the flower supports the anther
The filament
What part of the flower protects the flower when it is a bud
The sepals
The father is a male and produces ___________ to reproduce
sperm
The mother is the female and she has _________ inside her body to reproduce
eggs
what are properties
qualities and characteristics of matter and materials
what does ductile mean
it is able to be drawn into wires
what is rust
the reddish-brown layer formed when iron combines with water and air
two or more metals mixed together, or a metal mixed with non-metal is called an…..
alloy
What are the properties of gold
It is valuable,
malleable
shiny - never goes dull
ductile
Which metal is used to make ornaments and weapons and is a great conductor of electricity, so is used for electric wires?
copper
Which metal is light, but strong and is used in aircraft construction
Aluminium
Which metal is used to cover iron to prevent it from rusting?
Zinc
When objects are made from cheaper metals and coated with a thin layer of a shinier more expensive metal on the outside we say the cheap metal has been….
plated
South African coins are steel plated with….
copper, bronze and nickel
A good guess about what you think will happen in an investigation is called a ….
hypothesis
what are variables?
factors that can affect the result in an investigation
what is data?
facts or information collected in an investigation
what is a conclusion
something you decide based on the results of your investigation
what is flexibilty?
How easily something bends
Plastics, rubber and fabrics are called
polymers
Objects made from clay or sand are called….
ceramics
What are the properties of non-metals?
- They break easily
- Dull
- Poor conductors of heat
- Non malleable
- Not ductile
What are the properties of Metals
- Shiny
- Strong
- Malleable
- Ductile
- Melt at high temperatures
When something is attracted to a magnet, it is ….
magnetic
Which metals are magnetic
Iron
Steel
Nickel
Cobalt
When metals are affected by air and water, we say they….
tarnish or corrode
Which metal is the only one to rust
iron
How do we stop iron from rusting?
- Coating them in plastic
- Painting them
- coating them with another metal
- coating them with oil or grease
What are some of the uses of metals
Structures
Transport (Trains, Ships, cars, bicycles, aircrafts)
Machinery
Jewellery and ornaments
Everyday items like taps, pipes, pots, garden tools)
People manufacture new materials from…..
Raw materials
Give some examples of raw materials
sand, clay, coal, oil
To change in different ways to get new materials or products with new properties
To process
a product made from clay and limestone that becomes hard when mixed with water
cement
a mixture of sand, gravel, cement and water
concrete
what does it mean to reinforce
to strengthen with additional material
when something mixes completely with water, we say it….
dissolves
a furnace or oven that is used to process materials by burning, baking or drying them out
kiln
Explain what the durable means
something that will last a long time
a dry, coloured powder that is mixed with oil or water to make a paint
pigment
Name some uses of plaster of paris
Ceiling boards Dentists make casts of patients gums To make casts to heal broken bones to level surfaces and fill in cracks Art
What are the properties of concrete
- Strong
- Hard
- Durable
Name some uses of concrete
Buildings
Concrete pillars reinforced with iron
Power station towers and silos
Thick water pipes
What are some natural fibres
Cotton and linen (from plants)
Wool and silk (from animals)
Name 2 examples of man-made fibres and what they are made from
Nylon and polyester are made from petroleum and coal
What is Nylon used to make
stockings
parachutes
ropes
tents
What are the advantages of fabrics made from polyester
They are easy to wash and drip dry quickly
They need little or no ironing
What are some fibres treated with to make them waterproof
resin
Give examples of different textures
smooth, fine, soft, hard, coarse
What are the properties of ceramics
hard
can be durable
waterproof
fire resistant
What are the properties of glass
transparent hard durable waterproof Brittle
WHat are some uses of ceramics
pottery
plates, bowls, mugs
vases
Tiles, basins, toilets and baths
What are the properties of plastics
Light strong durable waterproof Not heat or fire resistant
Uses of plastics are
Plastic pipes
Insulate electric wires
Plastic dishes and containers
Some furniture
What is mixed into paint to give it colour
pigment
where can pigments be obtained from
Plants
sand
clay and soil
They can also be man made
What can be added to paint to give it texture and make it tougher
fillers like sand,
To roll material into a spiral shape
coil
the process of making something by crossing strips or threads under and over each other
weaving
using thread to sew or join two materials together
stitch
