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Shaun > History Grade 5 Term 2 > Flashcards

History Grade 5 Term 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Who hunted wild animals for meat

A

The San men

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2
Q

What did the San women do

A

gathered plants, roots, nuts and honey for food

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3
Q

The San were known as….

A

Hunter-gatherers

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4
Q

The Khoikhoi were known as…..

A

Herders

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5
Q

How did Historians learn about the San and the Khoikhoi?

A
  • Listening to stories
  • Studying objects that they made
  • Studying rock art that they painted
  • Reading books that have been written about them (They did not write the books)
  • Observing the lives of those who live in a similar way today.
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6
Q

What did the San women use to gather food?

A

Digging sticks

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7
Q

How long did women breastfeed their young for

A

4 years

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8
Q

Learning and understanding the way of life of people who lived long ago by observing people who still live in a similar way today is called….

A

ethnography

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9
Q

How did the San find water in the dry seasons?

A

Women dug holes in the sand to find water.

They also squeezed roots for moisture

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10
Q

Where did the San store water

A

In ostrich shells,

the hole was sealed with grass or a clay plug

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11
Q

The natural world of land, water, air and plants is called the….

A

environment

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12
Q

The San, who had no fixed home and move from place to place in search of food and water, were…

A

Nomadic

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13
Q

How did the San avoid jealousy and have a fair, equal way of life.

A

They shared everything

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14
Q

Which plant has a bitter taste, it stops hunger and thirst and the San chewed it when they went hunting?

A

Hoodia

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15
Q

Which plant did the San use to cure stomach aches

A

Buchu

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16
Q

Which plant did the San use the poisonous milky juice of to place on their arrow tips for hunting?

A

“Bushman’s Poison” or Euphorbia

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17
Q

What was the bow made from

A

a straight, tough, elastic branch

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18
Q

What was the bow string made from

A

rolled strips of sinew from the back muscles of the gemsbok

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19
Q

The most deadly of all San poisons came from…..

A

a small beetle

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20
Q

Why was the poison put behind the arrow point

A

Incase the hunter got scratched and accidentally touched the arrow point

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21
Q

What is stamina

A

Lasting energy and strength

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22
Q

Explain how The San would hunt for wild animals

A

The San were expert trackers and would sometimes follow an animal for days.
The poison from the arrow would slowly paralyse the animal. The hunters would follow the animal until it fell down.
They used sharp spears to finally kill the animals.
The part of the animal were the arrow was would be cut out and thrown away.
They would skin the animal and keep the skin.
Everyone would sing and dance around the fire and the meat was shared equally.

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23
Q

What did the San call their god

A

Kaggen

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24
Q

The San believed that Kaggen could turn into an…

A

Eland

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25
To meet with Kaggen in the form of an Eland, the San would....
perform a trance dance at night around the fire
26
Who would perform the trance dance?
The San shaman
27
While in a trance, the San believed that the Shaman would be given....
the power to protect and heal everyone
28
How do we get information about the past?
* People's writing * Stories * pictures * objects
29
What colours are most often seen in San rock art
red, yellow, white and black
30
What did the San use to make paint brushes
feathers, hair and reeds
31
How did the San make red, orange and purple paint?
By heating iron that had rusted and grinding it into powder
32
What was used to hold the paint together?
Eland's blood
33
What was white paint made from
clay
34
What are symbols of our identity as South Africans
The South African flag The National Anthem The Coat of Arms
35
The Coat of Arms: What language is the motto written in
Xan
36
The Coat of Arms: What does the motto mean
People who are different joined together
37
Name the pictures that appear in the South Africa Coat of Arms
* The secretary bird * Elephant tusks * A spear and knobkierie * 2 San figures * Ears of Wheat * The Rising Sun * A Protea * A Shield
38
What inspired the figures on the Coat of Arms
The Linton art Panel
39
Where was the Linton Panel removed from
a Farm called Linton in the Eastern Cape
40
Where is the Linton Panel on display
The South African Museum in Cape Town
41
When would the Khoikhoi move around
As Summer changed to Winter, they would search for new, better grazing for their livestock
42
Why would we say the Khoikhoi were pastoralists
They looked after livestock
43
How dis the Khoikhoi transport their belongings
They used their animals to help carry belongings
44
How else did the Khoikhoi get food, besides from their own livestock
by hunting and gathering
45
Cattle were seen as.... (by the Khoikhoi)
a sign of wealth
46
When did the Khoikhoi kill cattle
at religious ceremonies, when children were born, at a wedding, when someone died
47
what did the San and the Khoikhoi have in common
* Men hunted for meat and women gathered food * They made tools from stone * They were nomadic
48
Why was the relationship between the San and the Khoikhoi not always peaceful
There was competition over game The big herds of game got smaller The San sometimes stole cattle from the Khoikhoi
49
Which groups are known as Khoisan
Over time, some San men married Khoi women and had their own livestock
50
What was the language spoken by the first African farmers
Bantu languages
51
What does the word Bantu mean
Ba means many | ntu means people
52
What languages do Bantu include
``` isiZulu isiXhosa Sesotho Sepedi Setswana Xitsonga Tshvenda siSwati isiNdebele ```
53
When did farmers arrive in Southern Africa
250AD
54
When did white people from Europe settle in South Africa
1652AD
55
Why was it called the "Iron Age"
African farmers made tools made from iron
56
What was different about the African farmers and the Khoisan
The farmers grew crops and were not nomadic, they settled in large groups.
57
Where did the African farmers settle
Areas that had enough summer rainfall for their crops to grow, and the where the soil was fertile
58
Who would decide where the head of a family would plant crops
The chief
59
Each community would have communal land for....
grazing cattle and goats
60
a Household was a smaller unit within a ....
homestead
61
a husband or headsman would share his time with...
each of his wives within separate homesteads
62
Farming with crops or animals is called....
agriculture
63
when something is fertile it....
has the ability to produce lots of crops
64
What were the most common crops
Millet and sorghum
65
Looking after the crops was the work of the
women
66
What did the younger men in farming communities do
Work hard in the fields Look after livestock hunt for food fight battles if necessary
67
What did the women and girls do in farming communities
``` cook brew beer fetch wood and water look after children Work in fields, planting, weeding and harvesting ```
68
What did the boy children do in farming communities
Helped the men with cattle and other animals
69
What would families do if they needed help
They would organise a work party, they would provide food and beer for the helpers
70
Why were chiefs considered very important
It was believed that they were closer than ordinary people to the ancestors and they looked after the people
71
Where did people from the village meet?
The chief's kgotla, (the chief's homestead)
72
Who would help the chief settle arguments
The older men were leaders that would help the chief settle arguments
73
Wrongdoers would appear in court infront of the chief, if they were found guilty, what was their punishment
They would have to pay a fine in cattle
74
How else would a chief obtain cattle
From raids on other chiefdoms
75
What is a tall stone near the entrance to a chiefs kgotla a symbol of
a chiefs power, it shows the chief is as strong and firm as a rock
76
Which cows were killed for meat and hide
Cattle that were past breeding age and could no longer produce milk
77
What did the farmers do with the cattle hide
It was turned into leather that was worn by the men
78
Why would some families be loyal to wealthy cattle farmers
Cattle would be loaned to poorer families for milk products
79
What is lobola
a payment in cattle made by a bridegroom to the brides family before a wedding
80
Why did men need wives
They would give him children and much needed labour
81
What was used to make agricultural tools for chopping down trees and cultivating tools, as well as weapons
Iron and copper
82
Where would the men get iron from
They would smelt it from a rock called ore in a furnace
83
Who would reheat the lump of iron and hammer it into shapes of tools
The metal-smith
84
Things such as tools, weapons, pottery, and buildings which were made by people and provide information about the past are called....
artefacts
85
What were pots used for in the farming peoples lives
storing water, milk and food | cooking
86
In the early 1960's, a little boy found small pieces of broken clay under the ground in Lydenburg, Mmpumalanga, when archaelogists carefully put the pieces together, they turned out to be....
clay sculptures of human heads, known as the lydenburg Heads
87
What was specularite and what was it used for
It is a mineral with a silvery colour and glistens in the light. It would be placed on parts of the clay masks to glisten in ceremonies.
88
What do archaelogist believe the clay mask heads were used for
Initiation ceremonies where teenagers would be accepted into communities as adults. The heads were used to contact the ancestors in the spirit world. The heads would be broken at the end of the ceremony and be buried
89
What was good information about neighbouring villages valuable for
trading, as villages would trade with one another
90
What did the different villages trade with each other
iron and copper tools, jewellery, other goods and cattle, animal furs and hides
91
African farmers believed that when the body died....
the soul joined the spirit world as an ancestor
92
Healers were chosen by the....
ancestors
93
Healers were also called....
sangomas or nyangas
94
Herbalist used __________ to treat patients
plant medicine
95
Hunting provided__________
meat ivory fur skin..... for trade
96
_____________ was a symbol of power and could only be worn by chiefly families
ivory
97
Ivory was made into.....
armbands and pendants
98
____________ was a symbol of power and could only be worn by important men and chiefs
leopard fur
99
The San traded skin and fur for.....
metal items
100
How were elephants hunted
hundreds of men would dig a series of deep pits and herd the elephants towards the pits. The elephants would fall into the pits and die or break their legs, where the hunters could easily kill the.

Shaun (12 decks)

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