Natural Hazards Core Knowledge Flashcards
What is the tectonic distribution of volcanoes/earthquakes?
1) Earthquakes and volcanoes are found on the edge of plate margins.
2) They occur in lines.
3) For example: the Pacific “Ring of Fire” and the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.
How do constructive plate margins form?
Firstly, plates move apart through ridge push. Secondly, hot magma rises as plates separate. Thirdly, magma cools and hardens forking new crust and a ridge. Finally, gentle volcanic activity.
How do destructive plate margins form?
Firstly, dense oceanic sinks under continental plate through slab pull. Secondly, plates jam, pressure is released, earthquakes occur. Thirdly, oceanic plate melts. Finally, magma rises through crack and violent volcanoes occur.
How do conservative plate margins form?
Firstly, one plate is moving quicker than the other. Secondly, plates jam due to friction. Thirdly, pressure builds and is released. Finally, violent earthquakes occur through seismic activity.
What are the different names of tropical storms and where from?
Hurricanes = Atlantic Ocean
Cyclones = Indian Ocean
Typhoons = Pacific Ocean
What are the conditions required for a tropical storm to form?
- Ocean temperature: >27°C.
- Water depth: 60-70m
- Location: Between 5 and 30 degrees north or south of the equator.
What is the sequence of formation of a tropical storm?
Firstly, the air is heated by oceans and rises. Secondly, upward movement of air rapidly draws up water vapour. Thirdly, evaporated air rises, cools, condenses and formes large clouds. Then, condensing air releases heat which powers the storm, and more water is drawn in. Next, the Earth’s rotation (coriolis effect) causes winds to spiral. Then, the eye of the storm is created with falling air. Finally, as the storm moves across the ocean, it develops in strength and when the storm reaches land, it loses it energy source and weakens.
What are the primary effects of a tectonic hazard?
Death or injury
Roads and buildings destroyed
Homelessness
What are the secondary effects of a tectonic hazard?
Disease spread
Food shortage
Landslides
What are the primary effects of a weather hazard?
- Death/Injury
- Roads/buildings destroyed
- Flooding and high winds
What are the secondary effects of a weather hazard?
- Disease spread
- Food shortage
- Landslides
What are the immediate responses of a weather hazard?
- Evacuation
- Temporary shelters
- Aid = food and water
What are the long term responses of a weather hazard?
- Restore water, gas land electricity
- Improve design of buildings
- Improve flood defences
What are the long term responses for a natural hazard?
- Restore water, gas and electrical supplies
- Improve design of buildings
- Boost economy = tourism
What are the immediate responses to a natural hazard?
- Evacuation
- Temporary shelters
- Aid = water and food
