NATOPS Chapter 4 Flashcards
4.1.1.1 Exceeding Operating Limitations
Anytime an operational limit is exceeded, an appropriate entry shall be made on a MAF.
“XXX” will display in red, when a TGT or Torque limit is reached.
If a limit is exceeded to the extent that a red “XXX” is indicated, the crew shall land as soon as practicable.
4.1.2.1 Engine Limitations
The engines are limited by Ng, Np, TGT, oil pressure, and oil temperature.
4.1.2.2 Start Cycle definition
Starter initiation, acceleration in Ng, and starter dropout/disengagement
4.1.2.3 Engine Start Limitations
- For crossbleed starts, the receiving engine shall be at or above 24 percent Ng prior to advancing the PCL to IDLE.
- Engine start with main rotor blades or tail pylon folded is prohibited.
- The start TGT limit is 851*C until idle speed is attained.
4.1.2.4 Engine Limitations with gust lock engaged.
Engine operation with Gust Lock engaged is prohibited.
4.1.2.5 Min planned fuel on landing
Shall be no less than 600 pounds.
4.1.2.6 APU limitations (paragraph)
The APU is not intended for routine in-flight use. Operation of the APU shall be limited to essential operations only. Acceptable in-flight use includes emergency procedures, single-engine training, practice auto-rotations, and powering the ECS during extreme temperature operations.
TGT limits
0-810 Continuous Green
810-851 30 min Yellow
851-878 10 min Red
878-903 2.5 min Red
903-949 12 seconds Red
949 Max Red
Np Limits
<96% Avoid Red
96-105% Continuous Green (Yellow above 101%)
105-117% 20seconds Yellow
117-120% 12seconds Yellow
120% Maximum Red
Caution
During engagement, extended operations in the 20-40% and 60-75% ranges may cause engine damage.
Nr Limits
<96% Avoid Red
96-101% Continuous Green
101-120% Precautionary Yellow
120% Maximum Red
123% Maximum for FCF only Red
127% Overspeed Latch Red
Dual Engine Torque <80KIAS
0-120% Continuous Green
120-144% 10 seconds Yellow
144% Maximum Red
Note
Dual Engine Torque Limits apply when bother engines are above 65% torque.
Dual Engine Torque >80KIAS
0-106% Continuous Green
106-127% 10 seconds Yellow
127% Maximum Red
Note
Dual Engine Torque Limits apply when bother engines are above 65% torque.
Dual Engine Torque >80KIAS
0-106% Continuous Green
106-127% 10 seconds Yellow
127% Maximum Red
Single Engine Torque
0-135% Continuous Green
135-144% 10 seconds Red
144% Maximum Red
Ng Limits
0-102.2% Continuous Green
>102.2-106% 2.5 minutes Yellow
>106-107% 12 seconds Red
107% Maximum Red
Transmission Temp Limits (#’s)
-50-105C Continuous Green
105-120C Precautionary Yellow
120*C Maximum Red
Transmission Pressure Limits (#’s)
20psi Minimum Red
20-30psi Idle and Transients Yellow
30-65psi (45-60psi in level flight) Continuous Green
65-130psi Precautionary Yellow
130psi Maximum Red
Engine Oil Temp Limits
-50-135C Continuous Green
135-150C 30 minutes Yellow
150*C Maximum Red
Engine Oil Pressure Limits
22psi Minimum Red
22-26psi Precautionary Yellow
26-100psi Continuous Green
100-120psi Precautionary Yellow
120psi Maximum Red
Engine Starter Limitations
<16*C
1st cycle, 60 seconds
2nd cycles, 60 seconds
3rd cycle, 60 seconds
4th cycle, 30 minutes
16-52*C
1st cycle, 60 seconds
2nd cycle, 30 minutes
times are cumulative within a 5 min period
Engine Motor (Ignition Off)
Any Temperature
2 min on, 5 min off
2 min on, 30 min off
Engine Motor (Ignition Off)
Any Temperature
2 min on, 5 min off
2 min on, 30 min off
times are cumulative within a 5 min period
Transmission Limitations
Limited by Nr, torque, oil pressure, and oil temperature
Transmission Oil Temperature Limitations (Paragraph)
During any operating condition no maintenance action is required if main transmission oil temperature is in the precautionary range for 5 minutes or less.
Prolonged hovering in hot weather, 86F (30C) may cause main transmission to rise into the precautionary range. Operation in the precautionary range for less than 30 minutes during any one flight under this condition is acceptable and no maintenance action is required.
Transmission Oil Pressure Limitations
During steady-state level pitch attitudes, the transmission oil pressure should be 45-60psi. Any discrepnacy shall be documented on a MAF.
1. Steady pressure outside of 45-60psi but within normal limits of 30-65psi
2. Fluctuations not to exceed a range of 10psi, within the normal limits of 30-65psi.
During transient pitch, or steady-state nose-high pitch attitudes transmission oil pressure fluctuations (including momentary fluctuations below 30psi and transient droops below 20psi for up to one second) are acceptable. Operations below 30psi shall be limited to 30 minutes.
Operating with a no oil pressure indication shall be limited to less than 1 minute and shall be documented on a MAF
Rotor Engagement and Disengagement limits
Max wind velocity for rotor engagement and disengagement is 45 knots from any direction.
Maximum Airspeed Vne
180 KIAS
Maximum as limited by blade stall
Figure 22.1-3
Sideward/rearward flight airspeed
35 knots
Autorotation airspeed
100 KIAS
Boost Off Max Airspeed
140 KIAS
SAS 1 and SAS 2 inoperative in IMC
125 KIAS
Either PRI SERVO PRESS caution
125 KIAS
Searchlight in fixed position other than stowed
160 KIAS
Searchlight in transition
100 KIAS
Dome at or above trail
70 KIAS 45*AOB
Dome Below trail
70 KIAS 15*AOB
Cabin door opening/closing
60 KIAS
Maneuvering with external loads
Rate of descent is limited to 1000 fpm for rescue hoist loads
Hovering Limitations
Prolonged rearward flight and downwind hovering should be avoided to prevent accumulation of exhaust fumes in the helicopter and heat damage to the window and cabin door.
Hover turns at a rate in excess of 30* per second
Dipping Sonar at Altitudes other than 70 feet
Do not tow the transducer in the water above 8KGS with array folded and 4KGS with array unfolded
Exceeding speeds may cause TA cable separation. Towing is defined as cable contacting the funnel.
AOB limitations
Normal Ops - 45*
Operating above 10,000’ DA - 30*
Either PRI SERVO PRESS caution - 30*
Boost Off - 30*
Altitude limitation
13,000’ DA
Prohibited Maneuvers
Aerobatic Flight
Practice Full-auto-rotations
Intentional approaches into or inducement of retreating blade stall.
Rotor Brake Operating Limits
Max 76% Nr
Routine stops shall be made between 30-50% Nr. Routine brakes should be limited to 180psi to extend service life.
Blade, Pylon, and Stabilator fold and spread limitations
45 knots from any direction. Following a complete spread fold evolution, allow a 10 minute cooling period.
Landing Limitations
Max rate of descent for level terrain shall not exceed 720fpm for gw less than 19500 pounds and 480fpm for gw above 19500 poounds
Max rate of descent for sloped terrain 360fpm
Max touchdown speed shall not exceed 75 KGS with tailwheel locked and 20 KGS with tailwheel unlocked
Max ground taxi speed is 40 KGS. If shimmy damper is not installed or inoperative, max ground taxi speed is 20 KGS
Slope Landing: 9* nose up, 6* nose down, 12* cross slope (a low frequency oscillation may occur when landing nose down and cyclic near aft stop)
Downwind landings should be avoided
Windows
Windows shall not be installed or removed in flight except during actual aircraft emergencies
JMPS
JMPS weight and balance shall not be used.
Aircraft max gross weight
Max gross weight is 23,500 pounds.
Max Launch and recovery to:
aviation ships - 23,500 pounds
air-capable ships - 22,500 pounds
Internal Load limits
Maximum cargo floor loading is 300 pounds
External Load Limits
Max weight that may be suspended from cargo hook is 6000 pounds.
Rescue Hoist 600 pounds
Cg Limitations
Lateral Cg limits are 8.0 inches right, 7.5 inches left
Minimum Equipment for Night Flight Over Water
LAWS
Altitude Hold (Rad Alt or Bar Alt)
Minimum for flights into forecast or known icing
Helicopters with operable anti-ice and blade de-ice equipment are permitted flight into forecast or known trace or light icing conditions.
Helicopters not equipped with operable blade de-ice are prohibited from flight into forecast or known icing conditions (5*C or below in visible moisture)
Flight into known icing conditions without de-ice equipment is prohibited.
Flight into forecasted or known moderate or severe icing conditions is prohibited.
Min Equipment for Passengers
Except in emergency situations, helicopter emergency egress lighting system (ADHEELS IHEELS) shall be operational for all overwater flights requiring passengers/non-aircrew in the cabin.
OAT limitations
Operations below -40C and above 60C are prohibited
Backup pump limitations
33-38C - 24 min ON - 72 min OFF
39-60C - 16 min ON - 48 min OFF
APU Operating Limits
APU operation at temps of 43C and above with engine and rotors operating is limited to 30 min
With engine and rotor not operating the APU may be operate continuously up to 51C.
