NATOPS Chapter 12

Question 1

When can you deviate from procedures?

Answer 1

Compound emergencies may require departure from normal corrective procedures

Question 2

What should be performed for all emergencies?

Answer 2

Maintain Control of the aircraft
Alert the crew
Determine the precise nature of the problem
Complete the applicable emergency procedure or take action appropriate for the problem
Determine the landing criteria and land as required

Question 3

Seat belts during emergencies?

Answer 3

PIC should ensure all aircrew are strapped into their seats with shoulder harness locked at all times, except when release is required to perform mission or flight-related tasks

Question 4

Circuit breaker terms

Answer 4

Check: Visually observe condition. Do not change condition
Pull: If circuit breaker is in, pull out. If its out, do not change condition
Reset: If breaker is out, push in. If breaker is in, do not change
(popped circuit breakers may be set only once)
Cycle: If breaker is in, pull then push back in. If out, do not change position
(Holding in a circuit breaker while resetting may cause electrical fire or damage to equipment

Question 5

Master Caution Light

Answer 5

Reset MASTER CAUTION after each malfunction to allow systems to respond

Question 6

Engine Emergencies

Answer 6

The engine instruments provide ample warning before actual failure, including Torque, TGT, Ng, Np and Eng Out

Question 7

Single Engine Conditions

Answer 7

a flight regime that permits sustained flight with one engine inoperative

Question 8

Night overwater engine malfunctions

Answer 8

A deliberate water landing may be preferable to inadvertent impact

Question 9

EMIF prelude

Answer 9

Any malfunction manifesting with fluctuations in Np, Nr, and/or torque should be handled with EMIF. Single engine conditions will include establishing single engine airspeed and reducing angle of bank.

Question 10

Engine Malfunction in Flight

Answer 10

1. Control Nr
2. CONTGCY PWR switch - on
3. Single-engine conditions - establish
4. ENG ANTI-ICE switches - as required
5. External Cargo/stores/fuel - jettison/dump as required
6. Identify malfunction

WARNING
- Flying with greater than 110% torque with OEI may result in unrecoverable decay of NR in the event of dual engine failure.
-With engine anti-ice on up to 18% torque available is lost. Torque may be reduced as much as 49% with improperly operating engine inlet anti-ice valve.

Question 11

Engine Power Control Failure

Answer 11

May produce high or low torque conditions, resulting in Nr increasing or decreasing from normal selected speed.

With HMU high side failure, engine signals remain valid making easier to identify the malfunction.
EDECU high side failures have erroneous signals with erratic torque or signal drop off
Ng doesn’t pass through the EDECU and is a highly reliable signal

Question 12

Engine High Side Failure In Flight

Answer 12

TRQ > 10% or greater than other engine
NG is 5% or greater than other engine
Np is matched within 5%
Nr is at or above 103%

1. Engine Malfunction in flight emergency procedure - perform
2. PCL (malfunctioning engine) - retard to set
   a. torque 10% below good engine, or
   b. matched Ng, or
   c. Matched TGT

Note
Ng does not pass through the EDECU and is highly reliable signal
Torque signal may be erratic or drop off for high side conditions driven by EDECU failure

Reducing collective will reveal increasing Nr and verify high side failure.

If Np overspeed is reached the engine will flame out, and the auto ignition will relight. If Nr is not controlled and Np accelerates to 120% it will occur again. It will continue cycling until Np/Nr is controlled. A yaw kick may be experienced each time the engine relights.

With high collective settings, Nr may increase slowly, making high side confirmation difficult.

Question 13

Engine High-Side Failure on deck

Answer 13

PCL (malfunctioning engine) - Idle

Question 14

Engine Low Side Failure

Answer 14

Identify the malfunctioning engine by comparing both engines Ng, TGT, and torque. If torque is not indicated for both, the engine with low Ng should be controlled manually.

Torque 10% below good engine
Ng 5% or less than other engine
Np is below 98%
Nr is below 97%

ENG SPEED LOW will indicate when Np is less than 96% for 2 seconds

1. Engine Malfunction in Flight Emergency Procedure - Perform

Question 15

Engine Torque or TGT Spiking/Fluctuations

Answer 15

Fluctuations in Nr, torque, and NG may be indicative of water-contaminated fuel

Difference between engine torques is greater than 10%

If an Engine instrument is spiking/fluctuating and inducing secondary indications in Ng, Np and/or Nr
1. Engine Malfunction In Flight Emergency Procedure - Perform
If fuel contamination is suspected”
2. Land as soon as possible.

Warning
PCL movement during engine fluctuations may precipitate engine failure

Maintaining a low power setting when moving the PCL will minimize the Nr decay if the malfunctioning engine fails

Question 16

Compressor Stall

Answer 16

Indicated by rapid increase in TGT, hang-up of Ng, loss of power, or change in noise level from barely audible to muffled explosions.

If Ng decay relight feature attempts to relight, subsequent compressor stalls may occur. A yaw kick may be experienced each time.
1. Engine Malfunction in flight emergency procedure - perform
2. PCL (malfunctioning engine) - idle