NATOPS Flashcards
Overall Length
64’ 10”
Height
17’ 0”
Main Rotor Diameter
53’ 8”
TR Diameter
11’ 0”
Wheelbase
29’ 0”
Ground Clearance
19” (15” with MTS)
Engine Type
T700-GE-401C, front driven turboshaft
5 Sections of Engine
Inlet, Compressor, Combustor, Turbine, Exhaust
Inlet Airflow
Inlet Cowling > Swirl Vanes > IPS/Collection Scroll > Deswirl Vanes
IPS purpose
Prevents particles from entering the compressor
Compressor Section Stages
5 Stage Axial, 1 Stage centrifugal rotor/stator assembly
Engine Airflow Usage
30% Used for combustion process, remainder used for:
- Compressor Inlet Temperature (T2) air
- Compressor Discharge Pressure (P3) air
- Combustor and turbine cooling
- Engine oil seal pressurization
Ng Turbine
Drives the compressor and AGB
Np Turbine
Turns inside the Ng Turbine drive shaft, extends through the front of the engine connecting to power turbine drive shaft.
What is sensed between Np & Ng turbines?
TGT
AGB Components
Rear Face: Engine starter, HMU, IPS, ODV
Front Face: Alternator, Engine Driven fuel boost pump
Mounting Cavities: Lube/Scavenge pump, Chip detector
Face Pads: Oil cooler, fuel filter, oil filter
PCL - OFF
PAS mechanically shuts off fuel at the shutoff valve within the HMU
PCL - IDLE
HMU automatically controls start sequence fuel flow allowing the engine to achieve self containing combustion
PCL - FLY
Sets the max level of power that could be supplied, if demanded
PCL - LOCKOUT
PCL is used to manually control Np and Ng.
*TGT Limiting, Np governing, and load sharing deactivated in LOCKOUT
LDS System
Responds to the collective position to automatically control engine speed and provide required power.
Engine Driven Fuel Boost Pump
- Provides reliable suction feed from the fuel tank to engine
- Provides discharge pressure to satisfy minimum inlet pressure requirements of HMU
Engine Fuel Filter
Filters solid matter, but not water.
HMU responds to the PCL for:
- Fuel Scheduling
- Fuel Priming
- Setting engine start fuel flow with auto acceleration to ground idle
- Setting permissible Ng up to maximum
- DECU Override capability (LOCKOUT)
Ng Overspeed
Trips at 110+/- 2% Ng
HMU Provides:
- Rapid engine transient response through collective compensation
- Automatic fuel scheduling for engine start
- Ng Overspeed protection
- Flameout/Compressor stall protection
- Acceleration limiting
- Ng governing
Engine Control Quadrant Contents
2 PCLs (w/ starter button)
2 Fuel Selectors
2 Engine T-Handles
Rotor brake interlock
ODV Functions
- Provides fuel to 12 main injectors during start/operation
- Purges main fuel manifold overboard, after engine shutdown, to prevent the coking of fuel injectors
- Traps fuel upstream, so system priming is not required on next start
- Returns fuel back to the HMU if the Np overspeed is energized or if DECU Hot Start preventer is activated.
Alternator
Provides all essential engine electrical functions
Alternator Windings
Provide AC power to ignitor assembly, DECU, and Ng signal to vertical instruments
DECU receives the following inputs from the Cockpit:
- ENGINE SPD TRIM switch
- CONTGCY PWR switch
- ENG OVERSPEED TEST A and B buttons
DECU sends the following signals to the Cockpit:
- TGT
- Np
- Torque
- Contingency power
What does the DECU do?
Resets the HMU within acceptable engine limits to maintain Np governing while automatically limiting TGT
What does selecting Contingency Power switch ON do?
TGT limit is increased to 903 C, by a signal sent from the DECU.
Np Overspeed
Activated at 120% Np, when exceeded, a signal is sent from the DECU to ODV causing engine flameout
What could happen if you reset a No. 1/No.2 ENG OVSP circuit breaker in flight?
May initiate engine overspeed signal and result in engine failure
EDECU vs DECU
- TGT limiting
- Auto Contingency Rated Power
- Dual Auto Contingency
Engine Ignitor
When in NORM and either starter button depressed, Ignition system operates until starter dropout (52-65% Ng) occurs
Engine Oil System
Self contained, pressurized, recirculating dry sump system.
Engine Oil Sumps
6 main sump bearings
Thermal Lockout
Below 38 C, prevents the PDI from popping out
Engine Start options
- APU
- Crossbleed Air
- External pneumatic power
Crossbleed Start Ng requirements
Donor Engine Ng: 90-94%
Ng on receiving engine: 24% before PCL to IDLE
3 Ways to Anti-Ice Engines
- Vent bleed air into swirl vanes and IGVs
- Vent bleed air into engine inlet anti ice valve
- Continuous pump engine oil through scroll vanes
Engine Anti-Ice/Start bleed valve Open/Closed
Open: Below 90% Ng to prevent compressor stability
Closed: Above 90% Ng
Indications of Malfunctioning Anti-Ice/Start bleed valve
- ENG-ANTI ICE ON w/ Ng above 90% OR above 94% Ng when OAT is 15 degrees C or greater
- No advisory when Ng drops below 88% Ng
- No illumination when switch selected
- No rise in TGT when switch is on
Max torque available reduced with malfunctioning ENG ANTI-ICE?
Up to 18% per engine
Inlet Anti-Ice Valve operates at?
Less than 4 degrees C: Valve open INLET ANTI-ICE ON advisory when inlet temp reaches 93 degrees C
4-13 degrees C: Freon bellows control
Above 13 degrees C: Valve closes, advisory gone when cowling temp drops below 93 C
Np/Torque Sensors
Right: Torque computation and Np Overspeed
Left: Np signal to DECU and Cockpit vertical instrument
Ng Sensor
Alternator provides Ng signal to vertical instruments in the cockpit
TGT Sensors
Thermocouple harness, 7 thermocouples
Rotor Subsystems
- Main blades
- Hub
- Flight Controls
- Bifilar vibration absorber
Head Check
- Blade Lock Pins - Engaged
- Pitch Lock Pins - Retracted
- Gust Lock - Disengaged
Elastomeric bearings
Per blade, allow flap, lead, lag, and permit blade to move about its axis for pitch change
Swashplate
Outer: Stationary
Inner: Rotates, transmits flight control movement through 4 pitch control rods
Anti-Flap restraints
@ 35% Nr or greater, permit flapping or coning of the blades
Droop stops
Engagement: 70% Nr pulls out
Shutdown: 50% droops seat
Rotor Blades
Pressurized hollow spar, honeycomb core, outer skin, abrasion strips, deicing mats. 20 degree swept tips provide sound attenuation and rotor blade efficiency
Gust Lock primary purpose
Lock the rotor brake disc in an indexed position and prevent the brake disc from turning inadvertently should rotor brake hydraulic pressure bleed off while rotors are spread
MGB
Drives and supports the main rotor. Modular design, 3 degree forward tilt, pressure lubricated.
Input Module
Take power delivered by the Np turbine, change angle of drive, and transfer power to the main module and provide drive for respective Accessory Module.
Freewheeling Unit
Allows engines to be disengaged from the transmission when Nr exceeds Np (autorotation) and single engine operations
Accessory Module
Mounting and drive for AC electric generator and hydraulic pump module
Right Accessory Module
Nr sensor for vertical instruments
Left Accessory Module
Nr sensor for TDI and main transmission pressure sensors
IGB
Splash lubricated, transmits torque, reduces shaft speed, changes angle of drive
TGB
Splash lubricated, transmits torque to the TR
Main Transmission Oil system type
Wet sump, AC generators also use transmission oil for cooling
Main Transmission Oil Pressure Sensor
Located on the No. 1 Accessory module (furthest from pumps), activates caution at 14 psi
Main Transmission Oil Temperature Sensor
- Located at oil cooler input to MGB, activates caution at 117 degrees C or greater
- Chip detector for for readings to cockpit display
IGB/TGB Oil Temperature sensor
Embedded in the chip detectors, when temperature reaches 140 degrees C
Main Transmission Chip Detectors
5 total (1 in each module) using magnetic plugs to attract ferrous metal particles, fuzz burnoff, MGB has 30 second time delay
When is fuzz burnoff deactived?
When oil temperature reaches 140 degrees C
Fuel System Type
Crash worthy, suction type, self sealing breakaway valves capable of pressure, gravity, and HIFR
Fuel Selector positions
OFF/ DIRECT/ CROSSFEED
Main Fuel Tanks
2, 180 Gallon tanks.
Lower 1/3: 14.2mm
Upper 2/3: 7.62mm
Aux Tanks
Up to 2, 200 gallon (194 Usable)
Fuel Transfer Rate
350 lbs/ Minute
FUEL LOW caution
300 lbs in a single tank, 600lbs or less total, 300+/-15 lbs
Fuel dump rate
800 lbs/ minute minimum, down to 300 per side
precheck lever left in PRECHECK
Fuel will not transfer from aux tanks, attempting to transfer in this condition may cause transfer/dump pumps to lose prime.
*If holding XFR INT AUX doesnt work, AC must be pressure refueled
APU fuel consumption
150 lbs/hr
Acceptable in-flight APU usage
- EPs
- Single Engine Training
- Practice Autos
- Powering the ECS during extreme temps
What controls and monitors the APU
ESU
Primary AC Power
2, Oil cooled, 115 vAC generators driven by the accessory modules
Secondary AC power
Air cooled, 115 vAC generator driven by the APU