NASWACA Flashcards

Question

Pastoralism

Answer 1

the raising & grazing of livestock (oxen, goats, camels) in steppe climate, which supports short grasses for for livestock morality based and inherited values; not a religion - a lifestyle patriarch; father passes on seat by either bloodline or marriage; manhood trials attach rules of their community to their livestock

Answer 2

Sumerian writing system using wedge-shaped symbols written on wet clay tablets that were then baked to harden them used to record taxes, transactions, birth & death records more than 5k old - world's oldest

Answer 3

dunes in deserts of Central Asia Garagum (Kara Kum), or black sand desert, in Turkmenistan Qizilqum (Kyzl Kum), or red sand desert, in Uzbekistan

Answer 4

in Islam, a house of public worship Ex: Taj Mahal

Answer 5

underground canal used in water systems of ancient Persians realized irrigation water would evaporate in surface canals, so constructed these to carry water from the mtns across the desert to farmlands Giza to Egypt pyramids important for drinking water and religion

Answer 6

large step-like temple of mud brick built in ancient Mesopotamia (Sumerians) hollow inside if outside city, tomb; if inside city, center of city keeper of the grain = first priest, second only to king; prayed for more; grain kept in silo inside stairway to heaven

Answer 7

natural mineral containing chemical compounds often used in fertilizer Morocco ranks 3rd in world in production of this

Answer 8

member of the nomadic desert ppls of North Africa and SW Asia mainly in Arabian Pen & Egypt goats, camel, oxen related to Pastoralism mainly herders, merchants, & thieves

Answer 9

in North Africa & SW Asia in the desert, a streambed that is dry except during a heavy rain created by runoff from infrequent rainstorms; irregular rainstorms → flash flooding → wadis fill with so much sediment that they can rapidly become mud flows sometimes planned, manmade; to protect citizens and crops

Answer 10

Egyptian writing system using pictures & symbols to represent words or sounds

Answer 11

person believed to be a messenger from God Abraham, Jesus, Mohammad

Answer 12

the basic urban necessities like streets & utilities big cities have grown too fast to supply enough jobs & housing to improve this → poverty, traffic, pollution

Answer 13

in Turkey used to be called Constantinople until 1453, when the Ottoman Turks overthrew the Byzantine Empire used to be called Byzantium

Answer 14

1. 434k origin: Makkah, Arabian Pen current pop: 1.57 bill holy text: Koran (Quran) monotheistic the faith of submission; Muslim = one who submits; admit you r but a small human & that God is great no Pope - regional control Muslims actually very peaceful; terrorists/extremists NOT muslims no separation between church & state; laws based on religion

Answer 15

1. Faith 2. Prayer 3. Alms 4. Fasting 5. Haji

Answer 16

"There is no God but Allah and Muhammad is His prophet."

Answer 17

5x daily facing Makkah act of respect when 1st written, didn't know Earth = sphere

Answer 18

grew up in Makkah, knew trade routes, organized festivals grew older & more cynical reset Makkah cuz God 618, quit job & meditated for 3 days; revelation: "There is no God but Allah, and Muhammad is his [last] prophet." went back to tell everyone, found them fighting near Kabba; threw temper tantrum; told them to follow only Allah → tribal leaders scared of losing power & threw him out got poor ppl outside to follow him, overthrew them 622, victory @ Makkah 632, died, by which pt almost all of Arabian Peninsula = Muslim

Answer 19

if you donate, etc. you are selfless but, must be true: no benefit whatsoever to you

Answer 20

giving up something showing your spirit \> desire, faith \> flesh Ex: Ramadan: sun up to sun down, no eating

Answer 21

journey to Makkah @ least once in you life (suggestion) circumambulation around Kabba Malcolm X

Answer 22

civil rights leader who thought blacks should be separated from whites & didnt' like Am's went on Haji & saw everybody together → changed him. began to think like Martin Luther King Jr. therefore evicted, kicked out, & later assassinated

Answer 23

House of God black stone in center of mosque in Makkah/Mecca, Saudi Arabia center of circumambulations during haji; Muslims face this during prayer **haram** around it which only Muslims may enter scientists say meteorite; Muslims say thrown by God to Adam for him to build an altar later rebuilt & cleansed by Abraham & the descendants of Noah

Answer 24

circumambulate the Kaaba seven times, in a counter-clockwise direction. The circling is believed to demonstrate the unity of the believers in the worship of the One God, as they move in harmony together around the Kaaba, while supplicating to Allah

Answer 25

Altar of Ibram dates back 4,000 years ago, correct age cuneiform - show the patriarch Abr lived & worked in Ur 2000-1800b.c.e. left for some reason took clan w/ him (abt 100, double by the time arrived); could defend themselves arrived in Israel although had to fight for his place; natives thought was invasion; still fighting about it today set up kingdom

Answer 26

Mesopotamia oldest major city in world

Answer 27

Canen the Promise Land Judah

Answer 28

became father w/ Sarah (altho = barren) → offered handmaiden as sub had Ishmael (handmaiden) - Arab & Jew/Hebrew; raised as a prince, taught everything when Ishmael was 13 however, Sarah had Isaac Isaac - Jewish Abr prayed, God told him to send Ishmael & mother away; still cared for Ishmael tho, so brought them to Makkah & made an altar for Ishmael; meanwhile, God also told him to clean up the Kabba Ishish = many kids Isaac & ishish both became very powerful; last time of peace together = Abe's funeral Arabs & Israelis still fighting to this day

Answer 29

now, majority of 70/30 believed most **capable** to rule should rule

Answer 30

believed only blood relatives of Muhammad can rule today, only Iraq & Iran most recent Shia dictator Sudam Hussein had brutal war against Iran (Shia)

Answer 31

managed to stop them cold 732 CE Battle of Turs; watershed event went to Pope & asked to make his son the next Franc king → Charles the Great; most well-known, brought back edu, free trade, etc. but only short term

Answer 32

2k+ origin: Jerusalem, Mediterranean current pop: 2.34 bill holy text: Bible monotheistic (Holy Trinity) Jesus = Jew, connection b/w Abr. & Jesus capital of Israel today - Jerusalem

Answer 33

**Christianity** has Solomon's Temple, Palestinians lived there since beginning of civilization Old Jerusalem - "Holy Mile" (square mile) - the path taken by Jesus to the place of his crucifixion Jesus of Nazareth crucified **Islam** where Muh rose to heaven (Dome of the Rock) Ishmael to be sacrificed **Judaism** believed God gave it to them as permanent homeland Solomon's Temple built there - now only Western Wall (Wailing Wall) left Fortress of David Isaac to be sacrificed

Answer 34

4k recorded, 6-10k legend origins: Jerusalem, Ur, Canaan current pop: 14.8 mill holy text: Torah monotheistic Wailing Wall for conservative Jews, regulars just pray, tourists stand back & respect part of Solomon's temple temple, Old Testament covenant w/ Abr

Answer 35

Jerusalem where Abr sacrificed - rep'd blind loyalty a mosque built on the holy place where Muh rose to heaven

Answer 36

petroleum climate (dry, hot land use - nomadic herding (goats, oxen, camels) religion language

Answer 37

after Muh died, began to fall apart Shia vs. Sunni

Answer 38

750 AD expansion: forceful, fast; crossed Pyrenees Mtns to early Francs, to Middle East, SW Asia, some N Afr, Europe (Iberia) @ that time, Francs weak; hired Charles the Hammer strongest after fall of Rome; Dark Ages 2 of the 4 major Islamic caliphates established after Muhammad's death

Answer 39

700AD-1453 expanded from the Med to Middle East, SW Asia, & a small portion of North Africa

Answer 40

1600 AD expanded from Med to Middle East & around the Black Sea

Answer 41

1945, Russians & Am's found Hitlers dead body & info abt concentration camps guilty about Holocaust (not doing anything, not realizing), so 1948 created Israel, made for Jews next morning 5 Arab nations invaded; Jews won Palestinians wanted statehood as well, but didn't want to apply. felt the land was theirs already. Palestine & Israel conflict still ongoing

Answer 42

in hieroglyphics, Aramaic (Israel), & Greek - allowed hieroglyphics to be translated even modern Egyptians @ the time couldn't read Egypitan; mainly Arabic (from Islam) & English (from British)

Answer 43

The profits are not shared with the public, who must pay high taxes in order to pay for oil-extraction. Terrorists from the area target US b/c they are angry that they are paying the taxes to produce the oil for the US

Answer 44

more ppl - human/land use climate change - desertification water evap rates exceed rainfall; humans use most of the water

Answer 45

was in Syria - now owned by Israel (1967 Arab-Israeli War) valuable cuz of large water supply

Answer 46

coastlines & rivers 80% of pop around Nile R. cuz rest of country = dry also around Black & Med Seas

Answer 47

natural resources - water, petroleum Israel still exists land/political boundaries religion Iran - pursued nuclear tech that was denied cuz today, those who have nuclear can't grow, those who want it can use for power but not weaponry - minimization

Answer 48

found in caves on exposed banks of Dead Sea basically rejected gospels ppl who wrote controversial gospels hid in them Gospel of Thomas - God is everywhere (not good for institutionalized church) Gospel of Mary Magdalen - hinted that Jesus & Mags could've been more than just friends; very controversial

Answer 49

b/w Israel/Palestine & Jordan nothing can live in it cuz of how dense the salt is as it shrinks, the banks have exposed natural caves

Answer 50

part of Middle East

Answer 51

west of Egypt; "the West" 16 countries total, including Libya, Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco

Answer 52

an Islamic sacred book believed to be the word of God only holy when in Arabic

Answer 53

mouth in Egypt longest river in world

Answer 54

North Africa once very fertile in last ice age

Answer 55

connects Persian Gulf to Arabian Sea

Answer 56

connects Red Sea & Arabian Sea

Answer 57

predominant: steppe or desert

Answer 58

predominant: desert scrub & desert waste

Answer 59

primary export - petroleum exporter - Saudi Arabia customer - US

Answer 60

goats, camels, oxen can withstand harsh desert climates & need little water to survive

Answer 61

east of Med Sea & west of Zagros Mtns

Answer 62

sep's Egypt & Saudi Arabia

Answer 63

b/w Kazakhstan & Uzbekistan used to be one of the 4 largest lakes in the world but steadily shrinking

Answer 64

sep's Med Sea & Red Sea