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ISS > NASWACA > Flashcards

NASWACA Flashcards

0
Q

mountains

A

Atlas Mtns, Zagros Mtns, Hindu Kush

Mt. Ismail Samani, Mt. Ararat, Mt. Sinai

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1
Q

l,NASWACA

A

North Africa, SW Asia, Central Asia

largest pop - Egypt

smallest pop - Qatar

largest area - Kazakhstan

smallest area - Bahrain

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2
Q

deserts

A

Saharan Desert

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3
Q

seas

A

Dead Sea

Red Sea

Black Sea

Caspian Sea

Aral Sea

Arabian Sea

Mediterranean Sea

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4
Q

rivers

A

Tigris River

Euphrates River

Nile River

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5
Q

oceans

A

Indian Ocean

Atlantic Ocean

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6
Q

Language

A

Predom: Arabic

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7
Q

Religion

A

Predom: Islam 3 major monotheistic: Islam, Judaism, Christianity

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8
Q

special features

A

Anatolia Peninsula

Arabian Pen

Persian Gulf

Strait of Hormuz

Gulf of Oman

Gulf of Aden

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9
Q

resources

A

world leader in production of oil (UAE, United Emirates, Saudi Arabia, US all want this oil)

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10
Q

Atlas Mountains

A

western North Africa

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11
Q

Zagros Mountains

A

separates SW Asia from Central Asia

separates Iraq and Iran

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12
Q

Hindu Kush

A

Separates NASWACA from South Asia

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13
Q

Fertile Crescent

A

Mesopotamia -> Med. Sea

Formed by Tigris & Euphrates Rivers

extremely fertile cuz of the abundant water resources nearby

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14
Q

Mt. Ararat

A

Zagros Mtns, Turkey

Biblical resting place of Noah’s Ark

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15
Q

Mt. Ismail Samani

A

in Hindu Kush

Tallest peak at 24,590ft

Higher than Blanc

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16
Q

Mt. Sinai

A

Southern Sinai Peninsula, between Israel & Egypt

Biblical spot where Moses received the 10 Commandments

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17
Q

Arabian Peninsula

A

Biggest peninsula in this region

in Saudi Arabia

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18
Q

Persian Gulf

A

Borders Iran, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia

b/w Iran & Saudi Arabia

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20
Q

Tigris River

A

Above Euphrates River

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21
Q

Seas also in Europe/Russia

A

Caspian - Russia Black & Med - Europe

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22
Q

Strait of Hormuz

A

connects Persian Gulf & Gulf of Oman

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23
Q

Black Sea

A

separates Europe and Asia

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24
Q

Mediterranean Sea

A

separates North Africa & Europe

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25
Q

Pastoralism

A

the raising & grazing of livestock (oxen, goats, camels)

in steppe climate, which supports short grasses for for livestock

morality based and inherited values; not a religion - a lifestyle

patriarch; father passes on seat by either bloodline or marriage; manhood trials

attach rules of their community to their livestock

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26
Q

cuneiform

A

Sumerian writing system using wedge-shaped symbols written on wet clay tablets that were then baked to harden them

used to record taxes, transactions, birth & death records

more than 5k old - world’s oldest

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27
Q

kum

A

dunes in deserts of Central Asia

Garagum (Kara Kum), or black sand desert, in Turkmenistan

Qizilqum (Kyzl Kum), or red sand desert, in Uzbekistan

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28
Q

mosque

A

in Islam, a house of public worship

Ex: Taj Mahal

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29
Q

qanat

A

underground canal used in water systems of ancient Persians

realized irrigation water would evaporate in surface canals, so constructed these to carry water from the mtns across the desert to farmlands

Giza to Egypt pyramids

important for drinking water and religion

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30
Q

ziggurat

A

large step-like temple of mud brick built in ancient Mesopotamia (Sumerians)

hollow inside

if outside city, tomb; if inside city, center of city

keeper of the grain = first priest, second only to king; prayed for more; grain kept in silo inside

stairway to heaven

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31
Q

phosphate

A

natural mineral containing chemical compounds often used in fertilizer

Morocco ranks 3rd in world in production of this

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32
Q

bedouin

A

member of the nomadic desert ppls of North Africa and SW Asia

mainly in Arabian Pen & Egypt

goats, camel, oxen

related to Pastoralism

mainly herders, merchants, & thieves

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33
Q

wadi

A

in North Africa & SW Asia

in the desert, a streambed that is dry except during a heavy rain

created by runoff from infrequent rainstorms; irregular rainstorms → flash flooding → wadis fill with so much sediment that they can rapidly become mud flows
sometimes planned, manmade; to protect citizens and crops

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34
Q

hieroglyphics

A

Egyptian writing system using pictures & symbols to represent words or sounds

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35
Q

prophet

A

person believed to be a messenger from God

Abraham, Jesus, Mohammad

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36
Q

infrastructure

A

the basic urban necessities like streets & utilities

big cities have grown too fast to supply enough jobs & housing to improve this → poverty, traffic, pollution

37
Q

Istanbul

A

in Turkey

used to be called Constantinople until 1453, when the Ottoman Turks overthrew the Byzantine Empire

used to be called Byzantium

38
Q

Islam

A
  1. 434k
    origin: Makkah, Arabian Pen

current pop: 1.57 bill

holy text: Koran (Quran)

monotheistic

the faith of submission; Muslim = one who submits; admit you r but a small human & that God is great

no Pope - regional control

Muslims actually very peaceful; terrorists/extremists NOT muslims

no separation between church & state; laws based on religion

39
Q

5 Pillars of Islam

A
  1. Faith
  2. Prayer
  3. Alms
  4. Fasting
  5. Haji
40
Q

faith pillar

A

“There is no God but Allah and Muhammad is His prophet.”

41
Q

prayer pillar

A

5x daily facing Makkah

act of respect

when 1st written, didn’t know Earth = sphere

42
Q

Muhammad

A

grew up in Makkah, knew trade routes, organized festivals

grew older & more cynical

reset Makkah cuz God

618, quit job & meditated for 3 days; revelation: “There is no God but Allah, and Muhammad is his [last] prophet.”

went back to tell everyone, found them fighting near Kabba; threw temper tantrum; told them to follow only Allah → tribal leaders scared of losing power & threw him out

got poor ppl outside to follow him, overthrew them

622, victory @ Makkah

632, died, by which pt almost all of Arabian Peninsula = Muslim

43
Q

alms pillar

A

if you donate, etc. you are selfless

but, must be true: no benefit whatsoever to you

44
Q

fasting pillar

A

giving up something

showing your spirit > desire, faith > flesh

Ex: Ramadan: sun up to sun down, no eating

45
Q

Haji pillar

A

journey to Makkah @ least once in you life (suggestion)

circumambulation around Kabba

Malcolm X

46
Q

Malcolm X

A

civil rights leader who thought blacks should be separated from whites & didnt’ like Am’s

went on Haji & saw everybody together → changed him. began to think like Martin Luther King Jr.

therefore evicted, kicked out, & later assassinated

47
Q

Kaaba

Caaba

A

House of God

black stone in center of mosque in Makkah/Mecca, Saudi Arabia

center of circumambulations during haji; Muslims face this during prayer

haram around it which only Muslims may enter

scientists say meteorite; Muslims say thrown by God to Adam for him to build an altar

later rebuilt & cleansed by Abraham & the descendants of Noah

48
Q

circumambulation

A

circumambulate the Kaaba seven times, in a counter-clockwise direction. The circling is believed to demonstrate the unity of the believers in the worship of the One God, as they move in harmony together around the Kaaba, while supplicating to Allah

49
Q

proof of Abraham’s existence

A

Altar of Ibram dates back 4,000 years ago, correct age

cuneiform - show the patriarch Abr lived & worked in Ur 2000-1800b.c.e.

left for some reason

took clan w/ him (abt 100, double by the time arrived); could defend themselves

arrived in Israel although had to fight for his place; natives thought was invasion; still fighting about it today

set up kingdom

50
Q

Ur

A

Mesopotamia

oldest major city in world

51
Q

Israel

A

Canen

the Promise Land

Judah

52
Q

Abraham

A

became father w/ Sarah (altho = barren) → offered handmaiden as sub

had Ishmael (handmaiden) - Arab & Jew/Hebrew; raised as a prince, taught everything

when Ishmael was 13 however, Sarah had Isaac

Isaac - Jewish

Abr prayed, God told him to send Ishmael & mother away; still cared for Ishmael tho, so brought them to Makkah & made an altar for Ishmael; meanwhile, God also told him to clean up the Kabba

Ishish = many kids

Isaac & ishish both became very powerful; last time of peace together = Abe’s funeral

Arabs & Israelis still fighting to this day

53
Q

Sunni

A

now, majority of 70/30

believed most capable to rule should rule

54
Q

Shia

A

believed only blood relatives of Muhammad can rule

today, only Iraq & Iran

most recent Shia dictator Sudam Hussein had brutal war against Iran (Shia)

55
Q

Charles the Hammer

A

managed to stop them cold 732 CE Battle of Turs; watershed event

went to Pope & asked to make his son the next Franc king → Charles the Great; most well-known, brought back edu, free trade, etc. but only short term

56
Q

Christianity

A

2k+

origin: Jerusalem, Mediterranean

current pop: 2.34 bill

holy text: Bible

monotheistic (Holy Trinity)

Jesus = Jew, connection b/w Abr. & Jesus

capital of Israel today - Jerusalem

57
Q

Jerusalem

A

Christianity

has Solomon’s Temple, Palestinians lived there since beginning of civilization

Old Jerusalem - “Holy Mile” (square mile) - the path taken by Jesus to the place of his crucifixion

Jesus of Nazareth crucified

Islam

where Muh rose to heaven (Dome of the Rock)

Ishmael to be sacrificed

Judaism

believed God gave it to them as permanent homeland

Solomon’s Temple built there - now only Western Wall (Wailing Wall) left

Fortress of David

Isaac to be sacrificed

58
Q

Judaism

A

4k recorded, 6-10k legend

origins: Jerusalem, Ur, Canaan

current pop: 14.8 mill

holy text: Torah

monotheistic

Wailing Wall for conservative Jews, regulars just pray, tourists stand back & respect

part of Solomon’s temple

temple, Old Testament covenant w/ Abr

59
Q

Dome of Rock

A

Jerusalem

where Abr sacrificed - rep’d blind loyalty

a mosque built on the holy place where Muh rose to heaven

60
Q

physical and cultural factors that connect NASWACA

A

petroleum

climate (dry, hot

land use - nomadic herding (goats, oxen, camels)

religion

language

61
Q

Schism

A

after Muh died, began to fall apart

Shia vs. Sunni

62
Q

Umayyad Empire

A

750 AD

expansion: forceful, fast; crossed Pyrenees Mtns to early Francs, to Middle East, SW Asia, some N Afr, Europe (Iberia)

@ that time, Francs weak; hired Charles the Hammer

strongest after fall of Rome; Dark Ages

2 of the 4 major Islamic caliphates established after Muhammad’s death

63
Q

Abbasid Empire

A

700AD-1453

expanded from the Med to Middle East, SW Asia, & a small portion of North Africa

64
Q

Ottoman Empire

A

1600 AD

expanded from Med to Middle East & around the Black Sea

65
Q

current events

A

1945, Russians & Am’s found Hitlers dead body & info abt concentration camps

guilty about Holocaust (not doing anything, not realizing), so 1948 created Israel, made for Jews

next morning 5 Arab nations invaded; Jews won

Palestinians wanted statehood as well, but didn’t want to apply. felt the land was theirs already.

Palestine & Israel conflict still ongoing

66
Q

Rosetta stone

A

in hieroglyphics, Aramaic (Israel), & Greek - allowed hieroglyphics to be translated

even modern Egyptians @ the time couldn’t read Egypitan; mainly Arabic (from Islam) & English (from British)

67
Q

why do many of the ppl in oil-rich nations live in poverty?

A

The profits are not shared with the public, who must pay high taxes in order to pay for oil-extraction.
Terrorists from the area target US b/c they are angry that they are paying the taxes to produce the oil for the US

68
Q

why has natural vegetation declined in many grassy areas of NASWACA?

A

more ppl - human/land use

climate change - desertification

water evap rates exceed rainfall; humans use most of the water

69
Q

Golan Heights

A

was in Syria - now owned by Israel (1967 Arab-Israeli War)

valuable cuz of large water supply

70
Q

population

A

coastlines & rivers

80% of pop around Nile R. cuz rest of country = dry

also around Black & Med Seas

71
Q

conflict today

A

natural resources - water, petroleum

Israel still exists

land/political boundaries

religion

Iran - pursued nuclear tech that was denied cuz today, those who have nuclear can’t grow, those who want it can use for power but not weaponry - minimization

72
Q

Dead Sea Scrolls

A

found in caves on exposed banks of Dead Sea

basically rejected gospels

ppl who wrote controversial gospels hid in them

Gospel of Thomas - God is everywhere (not good for institutionalized church)

Gospel of Mary Magdalen - hinted that Jesus & Mags could’ve been more than just friends; very controversial

73
Q

Dead Sea

A

b/w Israel/Palestine & Jordan

nothing can live in it cuz of how dense the salt is

as it shrinks, the banks have exposed natural caves

74
Q

Egypt

A

part of Middle East

75
Q

Maghreb

A

west of Egypt; “the West”

16 countries total, including Libya, Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco

76
Q

Quran

A

an Islamic sacred book

believed to be the word of God

only holy when in Arabic

77
Q

Nile River

A

mouth in Egypt

longest river in world

78
Q

Sahara Desert

A

North Africa

once very fertile in last ice age

79
Q

Anatolia Peninsula

A

Turkey

80
Q

Gulf of Oman

A

connects Persian Gulf to Arabian Sea

81
Q

Gulf of Aden

A

connects Red Sea & Arabian Sea

82
Q

climate

A

predominant: steppe or desert

83
Q

vegetation

A

predominant: desert scrub & desert waste

84
Q

export

A

primary export - petroleum

exporter - Saudi Arabia

customer - US

85
Q

nomadic herding animals

A

goats, camels, oxen

can withstand harsh desert climates & need little water to survive

86
Q

Mesopotamia

A

east of Med Sea & west of Zagros Mtns

87
Q

Red Sea

A

sep’s Egypt & Saudi Arabia

88
Q

Aral Sea

A

b/w Kazakhstan & Uzbekistan

used to be one of the 4 largest lakes in the world but steadily shrinking

89
Q

Sinai Peninsula

A

sep’s Med Sea & Red Sea

ISS (14 decks)

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