Midterms Flashcards
Essay Points
how might humans affect their environ & vice versa
envrion -> human:
- drought
- earthquakes
- floods
- hurricanes
- landslides
- space weather - refers to sun & space. could damage critical infrastructure i.e. electric grid
- thunderstorms
- tornadoes
- tsunamis
- volcanoes
- wildfires
- winter storms
humans -> environ:
- water
- tankers & offshore rigs can cause oil spills
- industries may dump chemical waste tht enters & pollutes the water supply
- feritlizers & pesticides from farms can seep into groundwater & cause harm
- untreated sewage
- land
- chemical waste poisons fertile topsoil
- solid waste is dumped in landfills
- radioactive waste from nuclear power plants & toxic runoff from chemical processing plants
- deforestation
- overplowing, etc.
- air
- burning of fossil fuels by industries & vehicles -> smog
- acidic chemicals in air pollution combine w/ precipitation to form acid rain
6 purposes of gov’t
form a more perfect Union
establish Justice
insure domestic tranquility
provide for the common defense
promote the general welfare
secure the blessings of liberty
form a more perfect Union
to form a country tht is btr than other countries in existence & a true union of the states
any action taken by the gov’t has to be done for the good of the nation.
accept losses and learn from them
establish Justice
to establish a just society; mostly Judicial Branch
“fair” doesn’t always mean “equal” - means what u deserve (segregation = “equal” but not fair)
insure domestic Tranquility
maintain a peaceful/lawful/orderly society
peace @ home
police, firefighters (police have limits, too)
provide for the common defence
to protect its citizens & sovereignty against hostile enemies
marines, navy(sea), army(land), ari force(pretty new but very good), coast guard(drug trafficking, search & rescue, illegal immigrants, boat licenses)
Why is the National Guard not really national?
most of the time, under the control of individual states, w/ the state governor acting as commander in chief
however, prez can activitate the National Guard and place it under federal control
promote the general welfare
raise the wellbeing of the general population
(Social Security, Medicare, Medicaid, food stamps, welfare checks, Obamacare)
secure the Blessings of Liberty
gift of being able to choose
even free to break the law, altho u’ll be punished
passed on by the gov’t, parents, teachers, rep’s, leaders of any industry
4 characteristics of states
territory (definable boundaries)
gov’t (system of order)
population (significant amount)
sovereignty (supreme & absolute power in its own territory)
y r the 50 states not actually states?
don’t have sovereignty.
federal gov’t supreme over state gov’t
4 origins of the state
Force Theory
Evolutionary Theory
Divine Right Theory
Social Contract Theory
Force Theory
1 person/group claimed an area & forced all w/in it 2 submit
based on physical prowess
Evolutionary Theory
developed out of primitive family
1 head person = gov’t
family → network of related families(clan) → tribe → tribe w/ agriculture & not nomadic → state
what 2 theories of the origin of the state could merge together?
force & evolutionary cuz both use physical power
Divine Right Theory
widely acceptedi n much of WEstern world
15-18th centuries
state created by God, who had given royal ppl a “divine” right 2 rule
disobeying = moral sin & treason
more common form of “divine right”
chosen by God to rule
Europe, China, Japan
rare form of “divine right”
ruler = god
Alexander the Great
Social Contract Theory
ppl w/in a given area agreed 2 give up to the state as much power as was needed for all’s wellbeing
state exists only 2 serve the ppl
rulers & ruled agree to legitimate behavior
what elements of the state does the social contract theory have?
popular sovereignty
limited gov’t
individual rights
pros of social contract theory
security, civility, guaranteed certain freedoms
cons of social contract theory
loss of absolute freedom(autonomy), uncertainty of illegitimate leaders
3 gov’t categories
relationship b/w legisl & exec branches
distribution of power
who can participate
relationship b/w legis & exec branches
presidential or parliamentary






