nasal cavity and nasal plate

Question 1

list the nasal cartilages found in the dog

Answer 1

dorsal laternal nasal cartilage

ventral lateral nasal cartilage

nasal septum

lateral accessory nasal cartilage

Question 2

List the functions of the paranasal sinuses

Answer 2

1. humidify and warms air
2. mucous: protects against infection
3. reduced weight of skull with increasing skull size
4. vocalisation
5. insulation and cooling of the brain
6. increased insertion space for teeth

Question 3

describe how the horse’s frontal sinus connects with the nasal cavity?

Answer 3

frontal sinus connects via the frontomaxillary opening into the caudal maxillary sinus

Question 4

list the nasal sinuses of the horse

Answer 4

1. maxillary: rostral and caudal parts
2. conchofrontal: frontal and dorsal conchal parts
3. ethmoidal
4. sphenopalatine

Question 5

list the paranasal sinuses in ruminants

Answer 5

1. maxillary sinus
2. frontal sinus: rostral and caudal parts
3. dorsal conchal sinus
4. cornual diverticulum
5. palatine (palatomaxillary complex)
6. lacrimal
7. sphenoid

Question 6

list the paranasal sinuses in pigs

Answer 6

1. conchal sinus
2. frontal sinus: rostral (medial and lateral), caudal
3. sphenoid
4. maxillary
5. lacrimal

Question 7

name the animals that posses sebaceous glands on their nasal plate

Answer 7

pigs

cows

Question 8

name the animals whose nose does not possess sebaceous glands but is instead moistened by nasal glands whose secretions pass through fine tubercles

Answer 8

cats

dogs

Question 9

what is the most mobile part of the nose

Answer 9

alar wing

Question 10

what is the alar fold an extension of ?

Answer 10

ventral nasal concha terminating int he nasal vestibule

Question 11

why do the alar wings in brachicephalic breeds collapse?

Answer 11

weak supporting cartilage

Question 12

what surgery of the nose is common in brachiocephalic breeds?

Answer 12

alar wing removal

Question 13

why is the nose of the dog so mobile

Answer 13

rostral segment of the nasal septum is cartilagenous

Question 14

give an overview of the size of the nasal conchae

Answer 14

extend from the 1st to 3rd premolar teeth

Question 15

name the sections of the alar cartilage in the horse

Answer 15

lamina

cornu

Question 16

in which species is the blind nasal diverticulum present

Answer 16

horse

Question 17

what is the function of the nasal diverticulum

Answer 17

allows the nares to dilate very large: important as horses are obligate nasal breathers

Question 18

briefly describe the location for the opening of the nasolacrimal duct

Answer 18

mucocutanous junction

Question 19

which muscles in the horse are responsible for nasal dilation

Answer 19

caninus

dilator naris apicalis

Question 20

briefly describe the position of the nasal vestibule

Answer 20

expands from the entrance from the nares to the concha

Question 21

which of the nasal meatuses is used for nasogastric tubing?

Answer 21

ventral and common

Question 22

where does the middle meatus run towards?

Answer 22

paranasal sinuses

Question 23

where does the dorsal nasal meatus run towards?

Answer 23

ethmoidal/olfactory mucosa

Question 24

list the passages that a nasogastric tube would pass when attempting to intubate an animal

Answer 24

nares –> nasal vestibule –> common and ventral meatuses –> choana –> nasopharynx –> laryngopharynx –> larynx –> trachea / oesophagus

Question 25

The paranasal snuses are prone to infection due to:

Answer 25

thin

poorly vascularised

poor drainage

Question 26

why is the space within the paranasal sinuses essentially sterile?

Answer 26

poor ventilation, small, obscure entrance and a build up of CO2

Question 27

what is the nasomaxillary opening in the horse?

Answer 27

communication passage between the middle meatus and the rostral and caudal maxillary sinuses

Question 28

why are horses considered obligate nasal breathers

Answer 28

larynx projects up into the back of the nasopharynx